Martin Shepperd Fernando Brito e Abreu Alberto Rodrigues da Silva Ricardo Pérez-Castillo (Eds.) Communications in Computer and Information Science 1266 Quality of Information and Communications Technology 13th International Conference, QUATIC 2020 Faro, Portugal, September 9–11, 2020 Proceedings Communications in Computer and Information Science 1266 Commenced Publication in 2007 Founding and Former Series Editors: Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Phoebe Chen, Alfredo Cuzzocrea, Xiaoyong Du, Orhun Kara, Igor Kotenko, Ting Liu, Krishna M. Sivalingam, Dominik Ślęzak, Takashi Washio, Xiaokang Yang, and Junsong Yuan Editorial Board Members Joaquim Filipe Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal Ashish Ghosh Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India Raquel Oliveira Prates Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil Lizhu Zhou Tsinghua University, Beijing, China More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7899 Martin Shepperd Fernando Brito e Abreu (cid:129) (cid:129) Alberto Rodrigues da Silva (cid:129) é Ricardo P rez-Castillo (Eds.) Quality of Information and Communications Technology 13th International Conference, QUATIC 2020 – Faro, Portugal, September 9 11, 2020 Proceedings 123 Editors Martin Shepperd Fernando Brito eAbreu BrunelUniversity LisbonUniversity Institute London,UK Lisbon, Portugal AlbertoRodrigues daSilva Ricardo Pérez-Castillo University of Lisbon University of Castilla-La Mancha Lisbon, Portugal Talavera dela Reina,Spain ISSN 1865-0929 ISSN 1865-0937 (electronic) Communications in Computer andInformation Science ISBN 978-3-030-58792-5 ISBN978-3-030-58793-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58793-2 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface The International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology (QUATIC) serves as a forum for disseminating advanced methods, tech- niques,andtoolsinsupportofqualityapproachestoICTengineeringandmanagement. Practitionersandresearchersareencouragedtoexchangeideasandapproachesonhow to adopt a quality culture in ICT process and product improvement and to provide practical studies in varying contexts. QUATIC 2020 was led by Martin Shepperd (Brunel University London, UK) and Fernando Brito e Abreu (University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal) as program chairs. The organizing chair of this 13th edition of QUATIC was Alberto Rodrigues da Silva (University of Lisbon, Portugal) and was locally organized by the University of Algarve, Portugal, with Paula Ventura Martins and Marielba Zacarias. QUATIC 2020 was planned to be held on September 9–11, 2020, in Faro, Algarve, Portugal. Unfortunately, due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, QUATIC 2020 was conducted as a fully online conference. This volume is a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers received from all over the world. QUATIC 2020 attracted a good number of submissions from differentareasspanningoverseveralthematictracks,proposedinthecallforpapers,in various cutting-edge technologies of specialized focus, organized and chaired by eminentexpertsofeachfield.Thefollowingeightofthosethematictrackscorrespond, on a one-to-one basis, to QUATIC 2020 sessions: (cid:129) Quality Aspects in Machine Learning, AI and Data Analytics (Leandro Minku, UBir, UK) (cid:129) Evidence-Based Software Quality Engineering (Tracy Hall, LU, UK) (cid:129) HumanandArtificialIntelligencesforSoftwareEvolution(NicolasAnquetil,Inria, University of Lille1, France) (cid:129) Process Modeling, Improvement and Assessment (Karol Frühauf, Infogem AG, Switzerland) (cid:129) Software Quality Education and Training (Claudia Werner, UFRJ, Brazil) (cid:129) Quality Aspects in Quantum Computing (Manuel Serrano, UCLM, Spain) (cid:129) Safety, Security and Privacy (Ana Rosa Cavalli, IPPs, Télécom SudParis, France) (cid:129) ICT Verification and Validation (Antonia Bertolino, ISTI-CNR, Italy) Threeadditionalthematictrackswereproposedinthecallforpapers,butduetothe lessernumberofsubmissionsandtheexigentreviewprocess,theyhadtobemergedin a joint session named RE, MDD and Agile. The original tracks were: – ICT Requirements Engineering (Luis Olsina, UNLPam, Argentina) – Agile Methods (Kai Petersen, FUAS, Germany, and Blekinge Institute of Tech- nology, Sweden) – Model-Driven Methods (Manuel Wimmer, JKU Linz, Austria) vi Preface Technical Papers Summary TheTechnicalProgramCommitteeofQUATIC2020wasmadeupof153international academicandindustrialdomainexperts,fromorganizationsin29differentcountrieson 5 continents. Based on a rigorous peer-review process by the Technical Program Committee members along with external experts as reviewers, the best quality papers were identified for presentation and publication. The review was carried out in a double-blind process with a minimum of three reviews per submission. Submitted papers came from more than 20 countries and accepted papers originated in organizations from Spain (8), Italy (6), France (5), Portugal(4),Brazil,Germany,theUK(3),amongothers.Outofthesubmissionpoolof 81papers,27(33.3%)wereacceptedasfullpapersforinclusionintheproceedingsand 12 (14.8%) as short papers. Invited Talks QUATIC 2020 was fortunate to have three invited talks presented by outstanding keynote speakers. The first keynote was by Tom Mens at the University of Mons, Belgium,wherehehasdirectedtheSoftwareEngineeringLabforover15years.Heco- edited two Springer books Software Evolution and Evolving Software Systems, and published numerous highly-cited software engineering articles in peer-reviewed internationalsoftwareengineeringconferencesandjournals.Histalkwastitled:“Ismy software ecosystem healthy? It depends!” ThesecondkeynotespeakerwasLetiziaJaccherifromtheDepartmentofComputer Science of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, where she wastheheadofthedepartmentfrom2013to2017.Besideshavingpublishednumerous highly-cited software engineering articles in peer-reviewed international software engineering conferences and journals, sheisan ACM Distinguished Speaker. Her talk was titled: “From software through art to social entrepreneurship.” The third talk was given co-jointly by João Paulo Carvalho and João Nunes from QuidgestSA,averyactivevoicefromthePortugueseITindustry.JoãoPauloCarvalho isFounderandSeniorPartnerofQuidgest,andJoãoNunesisatechnologyenthusiast, business savvy problem-solver, and white-hat hacker. Quidgest is a global technology company, headquartered in Lisbon, Portugal. With over 30 years of experience, Quidgest hasbeenapioneerandaleaderinthemodelingandautomaticgenerationof software, with two main resources: the Genio platform and an R&D team exclusively dedicated to the development of new features and technologies. Their talk was titled: “Built-In Quality in Software Development Automation with Models and Artificial Intelligence.” Preface vii SEDES Doctoral Symposium In addition, there was a co-located doctoral student symposium, chaired by Vasco Amaral (Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal), with proceedings published as a standalonevolumeoftheCEURWorkshopProceedingsseries.CEUR-WS.orgisafree open-access publication service operated by Aachen University, Germany. We are particularlypleasedtosupportthisevent,asthedoctoralstudentsrepresentmuchofthe future for our community. September 2020 Martin Shepperd Fernando Brito e Abreu Alberto Rodrigues da Silva Ricardo Pérez-Castillo Acknowledgments Asproceedingseditors,wewishtothankallthepeopleandorganizationsthatdirectly or indirectly supported this event. Thanks to the thematic track and PhD symposium chairs and all other members of the Scientific Committee for their many contributions and reviews that guarantee the overall quality of the QUATIC 2020 conference. Thanks to our colleagues from the University of Algarve for all the organizational details required for hosting the conference, despite the fact that the constraints and difficultiesassociatedwiththepandemicobligedustodoitfullyonline.Thankstoour colleagues that participate at different levels in the organization of the conference. ThankstotheQUATIC’sSteeringCommitteemembersfortheirguidanceandsupport throughout the whole process. Also,aspecialthankstoalltheorganizationsinvolvedinthisconference,including promoters (IPQ and CS03), supporters (University of Algarve, Brunel University, ISCTE-IUL, IST-UL, UCLM, FCT-UNL, FE-UP, University of Minho, CNR, and University of Coimbra), sponsors (ACM, Quidgest, and ATOS), and partners (NEEI/ UALG and APQ). Finally, but not least, special thanks to all the authors and participants at the con- ference.Withouttheirefforts,therewouldbenoconferenceorproceedings.Thankyou for contributing to the critical mass of researchers who keep this conference alive for what we expect to be many years to come. Organization Program Committee Chairs Martin Shepperd Brunel University London, UK Fernando Brito e Abreu Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal Thematic Track Chairs ICT Verification and Validation Antonia Bertolino National Research Council (CNR), Italy Process Modeling, Improvement and Assessment Karol Frühauf NFOGEM AG, Switzerland Human and Artificial Intelligences for Software Evolution Nicolas Anquetil Inria, University of Lille 1, France Evidence-Based Software Quality Engineering Tracy Hall Lancaster University, UK Safety, Security and Privacy Ana Cavalli Institut Polytechnique De Paris, Télécom SudParis, France Quality Aspects in Quantum Computing Manuel Serrano Universidad de Castilla-La-Mancha, Spain Quality Aspects in Machine Learning, AI and Data Analytics Leandro Minku University of Birmingham, UK Software Quality Education and Training Claudia Werner Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil