Quality management and strategic alliances in the mango supply chain from Costa Rica An interdisciplinary approach for analysing coordination, incentives and governance Guillermo E. Zúñiga-Arias WWaaggeenniinnggeenn AAccaaddeemmiicc PPPP uuuu bbbbb llll iiii ssssss hhhh eeeeee rrrr ssssss International chains and networks series – Volume 3 Quality management and strategic alliances in the mango supply chain from Costa Rica Quality management and strategic alliances in the mango supply chain from Costa Rica An interdisciplinary approach for analysing coordination, incentives and governance Guillermo E. Zúñiga-Arias International chains and network series – Volume 3 WWaaggeenniinnggeenn AAccaaddeemmiicc PPPP uuuu bbbbb llll iiii ssssss hhhh eeeeee rrrr ssssss This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, ISBN: 978-90-8686-054-8 without prior written permission from the e-ISBN: 978-90-8686-621-2 publisher, Wageningen Academic Publishers, DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-621-2 P.O. Box 220, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands, www.WageningenAcademic.com ISSN 1874-7663 The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the First published, 2007 responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible © Wageningen Academic Publishers damages, which could be a result of content The Netherlands, 2007 derived from this publication. Table of contents Acknowledgements 11 Chapter 1. Introduction 13 1.1 Coordination for development 13 1.2 Mango production in Costa Rica 16 1.3. Research questions 19 1.4. Research methods 20 1.5. Outline of the thesis 23 Chapter 2. Determinants of market outlet choice of mango producers in Costa Rica 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Factors influencing market outlet choice 27 2.3 Materials and methods 31 2.4 Results 33 2.5 Discussion and conclusion 41 Chapter 3. Economic incentives for improving quality in the mango sector of Costa Rica 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 The mango supply chain in Costa Rica 44 3.3 Quality perceptions and incentive regimes 45 3.4 Analytical framework 48 3.5 Materials and methods 50 3.6 Results 55 3.7 Discussion and conclusion 61 Chapter 4. Bargaining power perception and revenue distribution in the Costa Rican mango supply chain: a gaming simulation approach with local producers 63 4.1 Introduction 63 4.2 The mango supply chain in Costa Rica 65 4.3 Analysing bargaining power in the supply chain 66 4.4 The mango chain game 70 4.5 Operationalization of the analytical model 75 4.6 Results 78 4.7 Discussion and conclusion 81 Quality management and strategic alliances in the mango supply chain 7 Chapter 5. Variability in quality and management in the mango supply chain: evidence from Costa Rica 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Variability and the mango supply chain in Costa Rica 84 5.3 Analytical framework 89 5.4 Materials and methods 90 5.5 Results 92 5.6 Discussion and conclusions 100 Chapter 6. Coordination and governance in the mango supply chain from Costa Rica 101 6.1 Research issues 101 6.2. Supply chain coordination and governance for quality 104 6.3. Methodological innovation 108 6.4. Policy implications 108 6.5. Further research 112 References 115 Appendices 127 Appendix A. Characteristics of mango producers in different production areas in Costa Rica 127 Appendix B. T-test for local and export market quality index differences 128 Appendix C. Robustness test for the farm household, price and non-price characteristics 129 Appendix D. F actor analysis results and weight of each factor for behavioural characteristics 130 Appendix E. Construction of the main factors after performing the factor analysis 131 Appendix F. Construction of indexes 132 Appendix G. Variability of the main variables for the analysis 133 Appendix H. T-test for the mean differences between the main variables in the analysis and the different actors 134 Summary 135 Curriculum Vitae 139 8 Quality management and strategic alliances in the mango supply chain