Ben Stephenson The Python Workbook A Brief Introduction with Exercises and Solutions The Python Workbook This copy belongs to 'acha04' Ben Stephenson The Python Workbook A Brief Introduction with Exercises and Solutions 123 This copy belongs to 'acha04' BenStephenson Universityof Calgary Calgary, AB Canada ISBN 978-3-319-14239-5 ISBN 978-3-319-14240-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14240-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014957402 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) This copy belongs to 'acha04' To my son, Jonathan, who surprised us all by arriving before this book was completed, and to my wife Flora, for 12 fantastic years of marriage, and many more to come. This copy belongs to 'acha04' Preface Ibelievethatcomputerprogrammingisaskillthatisbestlearnedthroughhands-on experience. While it is valuable for you to read about programming in textbooks and watch teachers create programs at the front of classrooms, it is even more important for you to spend time solving problems that allow you to put the ideas that you have been introduced to previously into practice. This book is designed to support and encourage hands-on learning about pro- gramming.Itcontains174exercises,spanningavarietyofacademicdisciplinesand everyday situations, which you can solve using only the material covered in most introductory Python programming courses. Each exercise that you complete will strengthen your understanding and enhance your ability to tackle subsequent pro- grammingchallenges.Ialsohopethattheconnectionsthattheseexercisesmaketo other academic disciplines and everyday life will keep you interested as you complete them. Solutions to approximately half of the exercisesare provided in thesecond half of this book. Most of the solutions include brief annotations that explain the techniqueusedtosolvetheproblem,orhighlightaspecificpointofPythonsyntax. Youwillfindtheseannotationsinshadedboxes,makingiteasytodistinguishthem from the solution itself. Ihopethat youwill take thetime tocompareeachofyoursolutionswithmine, even when you arrive at your solution without encountering any problems. Per- forming this comparison may reveal a flaw in your program, or help you become morefamiliarwithatechniquethatyoucouldhaveusedtosolvetheproblemmore easily.Insomecases,itcouldalsorevealthatyouhavediscoveredafasteroreasier waytosolvetheproblemthanIhave.Ifyoubecomestuckonanexercise,aquick peekatmysolutionmayhelpyouworkthroughyourproblemandcontinuetomake progresswithoutrequiringassistancefromsomeoneelse.Finally,thesolutionsthat I have provided demonstrate good programming form, including appropriate com- ments,meaningfulvariablenamesandminimaluseofmagicnumbers.Iencourage youtousegoodprogrammingformsothatyoursolutionscomputethecorrectresult while also being clear, easy tounderstand and easy toupdate inthe future. Exercises that include a solution are clearly marked with (Solved) next to the exercisename.Thelengthofthesamplesolutionisalsoindicatedforeveryexercise inthisbook.Whileyoushouldn’texpect yoursolution lengthtomatchthesample vii This copy belongs to 'acha04' viii Preface solutionlengthexactly,Ihopethatprovidingthisinformationwillpreventyoufrom going too far astray before seeking assistance. Thisbookcanbeusedinavarietyofways.Itcansupplementanothertextbook that has a limited selection of exercises, or it can be used as the sole source of exerciseswhen an instructor hasdecided notto useanother textbook. Amotivated individual could also learn Python programming by carefully studying each of the includedexercisesandsolutions,thoughthereareprobablyeasierwaystolearnthe language. No matter what other resources you use with this book, completing the exercises and studying the provided solutions will enhance your programming ability. Calgary, Canada, November 2014 Ben Stephenson This copy belongs to 'acha04' Contents Part I Exercises 1 Introduction to Programming Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Exercise 1: Mailing Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Exercise 2: Hello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Exercise 3: Area of a Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Exercise 4: Area of a Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Exercise 5: Bottle Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Exercise 6: Tax and Tip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Exercise 7: Sum of the First n Positive Integers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Exercise 8: Widgets and Gizmos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Exercise 9: Compound Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Exercise 10: Arithmetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Exercise 11: Fuel Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Exercise 12: Distance Between Two Points on Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Exercise 13: Making Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Exercise 14: Height Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Exercise 15: Distance Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Exercise 16: Area and Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Exercise 17: Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Exercise 18: Volume of a Cylinder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Exercise 19: Free Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Exercise 20: Ideal Gas Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Exercise 21: Area of a Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Exercise 22: Area of a Triangle (Again) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Exercise 23: Area of a Regular Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Exercise 24: Units of Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Exercise 25: Units of Time (Again) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Exercise 26: Current Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Exercise 27: Body Mass Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ix This copy belongs to 'acha04' x Contents Exercise 28: Wind Chill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Exercise 29: Celsius to Fahrenheit and Kelvin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Exercise 30: Units of Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Exercise 31: Sum of the Digits in an Integer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Exercise 32: Sort 3 Integers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Exercise 33: Day Old Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 If Statement Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Exercise 34: Even or Odd? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Exercise 35: Dog Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Exercise 36: Vowel or Consonant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Exercise 37: Name that Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Exercise 38: Month Name to Number of Days. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Exercise 39: Sound Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Exercise 40: Name that Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Exercise 41: Note To Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Exercise 42: Frequency To Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Exercise 43: Faces on Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Exercise 44: Date to Holiday Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Exercise 45: What Color is that Square?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Exercise 46: Season from Month and Day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Exercise 47: Birth Date to Astrological Sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Exercise 48: Chinese Zodiac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Exercise 49: Richter Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Exercise 50: Roots of a Quadratic Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Exercise 51: Letter Grade to Grade Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Exercise 52: Grade Points to Letter Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Exercise 53: Assessing Employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Exercise 54: Wavelengths of Visible Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Exercise 55: Frequency to Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Exercise 56: Cell Phone Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Exercise 57: Is it a Leap Year? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Exercise 58: Next Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Exercise 59: Is a License Plate Valid?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Exercise 60: Roulette Payouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3 Loop Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Exercise 61: Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Exercise 62: Discount Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Exercise 63: Temperature Conversion Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Exercise 64: No More Pennies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Exercise 65: Compute the Perimeter of a Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Exercise 66: Compute a Grade Point Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Exercise 67: Admission Price. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 This copy belongs to 'acha04' Contents xi Exercise 68: Parity Bits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Exercise 69: Approximate (cid:1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Exercise 70: Caesar Cipher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Exercise 71: Square Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Exercise 72: Is a String a Palindrome? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Exercise 73: Multiple Word Palindromes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Exercise 74: Multiplication Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Exercise 75: Greatest Common Divisor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Exercise 76: Prime Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Exercise 77: Binary to Decimal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Exercise 78: Decimal to Binary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Exercise 79: Maximum Integer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Exercise 80: Coin Flip Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4 Function Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Exercise 81: Compute the Hypotenuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Exercise 82: Taxi Fare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Exercise 83: Shipping Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Exercise 84: Median of Three Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Exercise 85: Convert an Integer to its Ordinal Number. . . . . . . . . . . 40 Exercise 86: The Twelve Days of Christmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Exercise 87: Center a String in the Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Exercise 88: Is it a Valid Triangle? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Exercise 89: Capitalize It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Exercise 90: Does a String Represent an Integer?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Exercise 91: Operator Precedence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Exercise 92: Is a Number Prime?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Exercise 93: Next Prime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Exercise 94: Random Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Exercise 95: Random License Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Exercise 96: Check a Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Exercise 97: Random Good Password. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Exercise 98: Hexadecimal and Decimal Digits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Exercise 99: Arbitrary Base Conversions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Exercise 100: Days in a Month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Exercise 101: Reduce a Fraction to Lowest Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Exercise 102: Reduce Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Exercise 103: Magic Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5 List Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Exercise 104: Sorted Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Exercise 105: Reverse Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Exercise 106: Remove Outliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Exercise 107: Avoiding Duplicates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 This copy belongs to 'acha04'