document Historic, archived Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. *ssk^ United States Pulpwood Production [iU»j) Department of Agriculture the North-Central Forest in Service 1989 North Central Region, Forest Experiment Station Pi i Resource Bulletin NC-134 m, c to 33 > >o > Ronald L. Hackett To > : E r k to > Q -< J North Central Forest Experiment Station — Forest Service U.S. Department ofAgriculture 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Manuscript approved for publication November 5, 1991 1991 HIGHLIGHTS NOTE: This report includes allprimary products madefrom reconstituted wood fiber. In addition to woodpulp, this includesparticleboardproducts1 madefrom chips, shavings, wafers,Jlakes, strands, and sawdust. This reportpresents the production by county ofthe rawfibermaterial delivered to mills. Thus, these data report only thatportion ofthe timber harvest used as raw material and do not nec- essarily reflect the volume ofgrowing stock harvested. LAKE STATES • Pulpwood production climbed to a record 8.5 million cords in 1989. Hard- woods constituted 77 percent oftotal pulpwood production. Aspen remained — the dominant hardwood species ofroundwood harvested 64 percent ofthe total. — • Whole-tree chip production dropped slightly to 629 thousand cords a 4- percent decrease over 1988. Aspen also remained the dominant species for whole-tree chip production. • Production ofpulpwood for pulp mills increased 2 percent from 1988, while production for particleboard mills climbed 14 percent. • Pulpwood production in Michigan increased 7 percent over 1988's record high. New highs in aspen, balsam fir, spruce, and white birch harvests were reached. • Wisconsin pulpwood production expanded 3 percent, primarily in aspen. • Minnesota pulpwood production in 1989 increased 6 percent over 1988. The softwood roundwood harvest in Minnesota increased 1 1 percent over the 1988 harvest. The white birch harvest of23 thousand cords was the highest since 1977. • Softwood residue imports from Canada dropped from 24 thousand cords in 1988 to 14 thousand cords in 1989. Wisconsin mills used 539 thousand cords, and Michigan mills used 296 thousand cords from out-of-State producers. CENTRAL STATES • Pulpwood production in the Central States dropped 1 percent from 1988 to 396 thousand cords. • Hardwood residue from other wood-using plants comprised 68 percent ofthe total pulpwood production. • Exports ofpulpwood from the Central States increased 7 percent to 254 thou- sand cords over 1988. • Central States producers shipped wood to mills in Kentucky, Wisconsin, Okla- homa, and Michigan in 1989. • Indiana pulpwood production in the Central States in 1989 was 170 thousand cords or 43 percent oftotal production. • Receipts ofpulpwood at Central States mills declined 11 percent to 144 thou- sand cords in 1989. • Three thousand cords ofpulpwood were imported to the Central States in — 1989 an increase of700 percent over the 1988 imports ofless than 500 cords. ' Haygreen,JohnG.;Bowyer,JimL. 1982.An introduction toforestproducts and woodscience. Ames, LA: TheIowaState UniversityPress. 495p. CONTENTS Page Lake States 2 Production 2 Receipts 7 IndustryTrends and Analysis 8 Central States 12 Production 12 Receipts 12 IndustryTrends andAnalysis 12 Appendix 14 Pulpwood Production In The North-Central Region, 1989 Ronald L. Hackett Pulpwood constitutes more than halfthe indus- other species nor preclude comparing 1989 trial timber products harvested annually in the survey results with those of 1978 and previous Lake States (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wiscon- years. sin) and is an important product in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri). Pulp and particleboard mills using North Cen- tral States timber in 1989 reported their pulp- Current detailed information about pulpwood wood receipts3 by species group and county of production2 is necessary for intelligent planning origin. This report presents the results ofthe and decisionmaking in wood procurement, survey, analyzes the data, compares results forest resource management, forest industry de- with those of 1988 or earlier years, and dis- velopment, and scientific studies. cusses trends in pulpwood production and use. Since 1979, we have included logs, bolts, and The Lake States and Central States are dis- wood residue used in manufacturing flake- cussed separately because the timber types in board, waferboard, oriented strand board, and each area are different, the flow ofwood be- medium density fiberboard in this annual tween the areas is nominal, and more detailed report. Together, these products are called data on pulpwood production and receipts in particleboards, and all mills manufacturing the Central States might reveal the operations of these boards will be called particleboard mills in individual mills. This is the 31st annual report this paper. Wood used at particleboard mills is ofthe pulpwood harvest in Lake States counties identical or nearly identical to wood used at and the 30th annual report ofthe Central pulp mills; therefore, including this wood in our States harvest. study provides a more accurate estimate of demand for pulpwood-like material. Several mills purchase their pulpwood based on weight rather than volume. Conversion factors Particleboard mills were in their infancybefore used in the Lake States to convert green tons of 1979 and used primarily aspen and wood pulpwood to standard cord equivalents are residue. Therefore, including data for these shown in the Appendix. Conversion factors mills does not distort roundwood use trends for used in the Central States are shown in footnote 1 oftable 4. 2Pulpwoodproduction, determinedfrom mill receipts, is the annual volumeofpulpwoodcut, plus Ronald L. Hackett, Research Forester, received the annual wood residue volumeproduced by saw- a B.S. degree in forest resources from the Uni- mills, veneermills, etc. usedforpulp, particleboard, versity ofMinnesota. Hejoined the Forest waferboard, orientedstrand board, ormediumdensity Service in December 1974, and has been work- fiberboard. ing with the North Central's Forest Inventory 3 Pulpwood receipts are the volumeofwood re- and Analysis Unit since. ceived by mills in a specificState orregion, regardless ofthegeographicsource. Pulpwood production in Minnesota is completely cords). Aspen remained the dominant round- — and accurately shown. However, to prevent wood harvested 66 percent ofthe total. White disclosure ofconfidential information about birch (524 thousand cords), hard maple (508 softwood pulpwood use by individual compa- thousand cords), and soft maple (423 thousand nies, the total quantity ofsoftwood pulpwood cords) were at record production levels in 1989. imports and exports between Minnesota and Canada is not reported. Thus, some Minnesota Softwood roundwood production reached its softwood shipped to Canada is shown as re- highest level with a total of 1.81 million cords. maining and used in Minnesota, and receipts of Pulpwood production from softwood residue Canadian softwood in Minnesota are under- declined to 167 thousand cords, a decrease of9 stated. percent. Increases in red pine (347 thousand cords), balsam fir (409 thousand cords), spruce LAKE STATES (323 thousand cords), hemlock (86 thousand cords), and cedar (38 thousand cords) offset Production minor losses injack pine, white pine, and tamarack. Pulpwood production climbed to a record 8.5 million cords4 in 1989 from 8.1 million cords in Whole-tree chip6 (WTC) production inthe Lake 1988, a gain of5 percent (table 1). New highs in States declined 4 percent to 630 thousand output were reached in 7 ofthe last 10 years. cords, about 7 percent oftotal production. The Ofeach cord produced, 93 percent came from WTC mix in 1989 contained the same amount of roundwood (including chips from roundwood) softwoods as the 1988 mix and more aspenbut and 7 percent came from residue5 from wood- less other hardwoods. Production ofWTC by using plants. species group and State was: Principal species harvested were aspen (3.9 State Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods million cords),jack pine (548 thousand cords), (Thousand cords) - white birch (524 thousand cords), and hard maple (508 thousand cords). Other major Michigan 68 207 203 species furnishing more than 300 thousand Minnesota 2 86 4 — cords were balsam fir, red pine, spruce, and soft Wisconsin 56 4 maple. — Michigan Total pulpwood production rose to a Hardwoods constituted 77 percent ofthe total record high of3.1 million cords in 1989, a 7- pulpwood production. For the third consecutive percent increase over 1988's total of2.9 million year, pulpwood from hardwood residue ex- cords. New highs in aspen, balsam fir, spruce, ceeded 450 thousand cords. Hardwood pulp- and white birch and cedar output were reached. wood residue from the ake States remained near Declines injack pine, balsam poplar, and soft the same level as last year (464 thousand maple production were not severe enough to reduce total production. The Western Upper Peninsula Survey Unit had a 14-percent in- crease in production over 1988. Leading round- 4All references tocords are in standardcords. A wood producing counties statewide were Mar- standardcord is 128 cubicfeetofwood, bark, and air quette, Delta, Iron, Menominee, Ontonagon, space. Dickinson, and Gogebic. 5 Residue is the byproductfrom sawmills, veneer mills, cooperage mills, andother wood-using mills that is usedforpulping andparticleboard. Residue includes slabs, edgings, veneercores, sawdust, woodflour, andchips manufacturedfromslabs, 6Pulpwoodproducedfrom chipping entire trees (all edgings, and veneercores. portionsofthe trees aboveground, except thestumps). 2 Table 1.- -Production and imports of pulpwood, Lake States, 1989 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Production by State1/ Imports Speciesand Regional Other Total Total destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin total U.S. 21 Canada imports receipts Cedar Michigan 37,803 — 37,803 — — 37,803 Total 37,803 37,803 " 37,803 Balsamfir Michigan 127,559 1,836 129,395 — — -- 129.395 Minnesota 405 190,643 15,115 206,163 — — — 206,163 Wisconsin 9,750 50 50,350 60,150 - — — 60.150 Exported3/ 5,473 7,707 13,180 — — — — Total 143,187 198,400 67,301 408,888 " 395,708 Hemlock Michigan 40,028 136 40,164 — 40,164 Wisconsin 2,336 43,086 45,422 — -- -- 45,422 Total 42,364 43,222 85,586 - - -- 85,586 Jackpine Michigan 133,838 - 133,838 — — — 133,838 Minnesota - 85,084 4,620 89,704 — — 89,704 Wisconsin 65,942 8,482 244,468 318,892 - -- -- 318,892 Exported3/ -- 5,837 5,837 •- -- -- -- Total 199,780 99,403 249,088 548,271 -- -- -- 542,434 Redpine Michigan 31,115 -- 31,115 -- - — 31,115 Minnesota - 23,177 4,177 27,354 27,354 Wisconsin 7,396 3,808 274,359 285,563 33 — 33 285,596 Exported3/ — 2,583 2,583 ~ — ~ Total 38,511 29.568 278,536 346,615 33 -- 33 344,065 White pine Michigan 14,426 — 14,426 — 14,426 Minnesota 1,536 91 1,627 1,627 Wisconsin 648 22,178 22,826 22,826 Exported3/ — 1,045 1,045 Tolal 15,074 2,581 22,269 39.924 — — 38,879 Spruce Michigan 75,324 654 75,978 75,978 Minnesota 1,24e 119,426 2,957 123.631 — — — 123,631 Wisconsin 28,620 34,178 41,631 104,429 — — 104,429 Exported3/ 10,229 9,072 19,301 — — Total 115,421 162,676 45,242 323,339 -- - - 304,038 Tamarack Michigan 5,070 5,070 — — 5,070 Minnesota 4,063 4,063 -- -- -- 4,063 Wisconsin 647 839 4,565 6,051 -- -- - 6,051 Total 5,717 4,902 4,565 15,184 -- -- 15.184 Totalsoftwoodroundwood Michigan 465,163 2,626 467,789 -- - - 467,789 Minnesota 1,653 423,929 26,960 452,542 -- - — 452,542 Wisconsin 115,339 47,357 680,637 843,333 33 -- 33 843,366 Exported3/ 15,702 26,244 41,946 -- - -- Total 597,857 497,530 710,223 1,805,610 33 -- 33 1,763,697 Residue, softwood Michigan 65,600 2,135 67,735 — " 67,735 Minnesota 26,839 25,404 52,243 52,243 Wisconsin 13,730 1,094 31,515 46,339 89,648 14,308 103,956 150,295 Exported3/ 732 732 Total 79,330 28,665 59,054 167.049 89,648 14,308 103.956 270,273 All softwoods Michigan 530,763 4,761 535,524 535.524 Minnesota 1,653 450,768 52,364 504,785 504,785 Wisconsin 129,069 48,451 712,152 889,672 89,681 14,308 103,989 993,661 Exported3/ 15,702 26,976 42,678 Total 677,187 526,195 769.277 1,972,659 89,681 14,308 103,989 2,033,970 (Table1 continuedonnextpage) 6 14 (Table1 continued) r fUUULLIUf1 Uy OlaLW1/ 1mnnrtc Speciesand Regional Other Total Total destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin total U.S. 21 Canada imports receipts Ash Michigan 24,972 2,460 27,432 ~ 27,432 Wisconsin CO7CC d/,1iy 67,119 Total 66,225 94,551 94,551 Aspen Michigan 1,007,198 65,438 1,072,636 1,072,636 Minnesota Qo1i,QyRjQy 1i,CoCyM4.Qy^0.7/ 1 CQyl Q07 Wisconsin 96,847 39,644 1,110,535 1,247,026 1,247,026 txponeuj/ AQQQ CQQQ Total 1,104,045 i1,6n0n9,e6n0n0 i1,o2n0/t,o9o3o2 3,921,577 3,914,589 Balsampoplar ivIIV^IMUCH1 31 563 51 31 614 31 61 Minnesota 47,01 2,246 49,262 49,262 Total 31,563 47,016 2,297 80,876 80,876 Basswood Michigan COQCO 7 17*\ £.1 1Q7 CDlI,1IO07/ Wisconsin 543 17,604 18,147 18,147 Total 54,505 24,779 79,284 79,284 Beech Michigan dO,fOd /ICQ dOOC,d0i1C OC 01c Wisconsin 3,670 2,859 6,529 6,529 Total 29,422 3,322 32,744 32,744 Whitebirch frvci^irvr.-1h1iiyndarni 201 837 2393 76004 280234 280234 Wisconsin 1,696 21,044 221,315 244,055 244,055 1UIHl OQ4Q7 OQ7Q1 COAOQQ co/i 9P.Q Yellowbirch Michigan 68,722 12,946 81,668 81,668 Wisconsin 7,249 22,485 29,734 29,734 Total 75971 35431 111 402 111 402 Cottonwood iviirirmbuia CoOy, CoQy CoQy Total 59 59 Elm ivIIClnydrl ^ODC,lIUO4A OQCOO odoo,cOoooo Wisconsin dOQo 19,728 19,756 19,756 Total 26 132 22 157 48289 48289 MniiLrrkvnuiruy Michigan Q07 827 827 Total 827 — 827 827 Hardmaple Michigan 245,590 49,734 2o9n5e,o3o2>4i 295,324 VVioUUIloll1 34152 178749 212901 21290 Total 279,742 228,483 508,225 508,225 Softmaple Michigan 01DQOO 25,903 244,835 244,835 Minnesota 3,675 2,450 6,125 6,125 Wisconsin 3,186 171,822 1I7/1I,QoO£O£ Total do6odo,ododod 6,861 183,byy AAdOdO,7r0odO ntw^<dr\ Michigan 115,704 7,080 122,7'84 122,784 Wisconsin o 1on od,uiy 04,1lojny CO^tl,1ioony Total 117,824 59,099 176,923 117/C6,nyi2l3 VVIIIlfc*Udft Michigan 45,736 45,736 45,736 Wisconsin 164 15,508 15,672 15,672 Total 45,900 15,508 61,408 61,408 Otherhardwoods Michigan 19,735 4.101 23,836 23,836 Wisconsin 4,964 8,993 13,957 13,957 Total 24,699 13,094 37,793 37,793 (Table1 continuedonnextpage)