Introduction 1 Delivering a Speech 5 1 Introduction to Public Speaking and 13 Delivering Your Speech the Audience-Centered Speaking 14 Designing and Using Presentation Aids Process 2 Speaking with Confidence 3 Speaking Freely and Ethically Analyzing an Audience 2 Types of Speeches 6 4 Listening to Speeches 15 Speaking to Inform 5 Analyzing Your Audience 16 Understanding Principles of Persuasive Speaking 17 Using Persuasive Strategies 18 Speaking for Special Occasions and Purposes Preparing a Speech 3 Appendixes 7 6 Developing Your Speech A Speaking in Small Groups 7 Gathering and Using Supporting B Suggested Speech Topics Material C Speeches for Analysis and Discussion Crafting a Speech 4 8 Organizing Your Speech 9 Introducing Your Speech 10 Concluding Your Speech 11 Outlining and Editing Your Speech 12 Using Words Well: Speaker Language and Style Why Do You Need This New Edition? If you’re wondering why you should buy this new edition of the Public Speaking Handbook, here are nine good reasons! 1. We’ve kept the best and improved the rest. The 6. The fourth edition updates and expands our fourth edition of the Public Speaking Handbook popular focus on controlling speaking anxiety, continues its unique focus on the importance of starting in Chapter 2 and continuing with tips analyzing and considering the audience at every and reminders throughout the text. point in the speech-making process, but is now 7. New and expanded coverage of key com- an easier-to-use and more effective learning tool munication theories and current research, than ever. including studies of anxiety styles in Chapter 1, 2. We’ve streamlined the book to 18 chapters. introductions to social judgment theory in Chapter 1 now combines an introduction to Chapter 16, and emotional response theory in public speaking with an overview of the Chapter 17, help you apply recent theories and audience-centered model. Chapter 7 now findings. combines information on gathering supporting 8. Every chapter of the fourth edition boasts engag- material with advice on how to integrate ing fresh examples to help you connect concepts supporting material into a speech. to your own life and interests, including new refer- 3. New end-of-chapter Study Guides give you easy- ences to contemporary technology such as social to-read, bulleted-list chapter summaries; key terms media sites in Chapter 3 and iPads in Chapter 14. lists; questions to help you apply what you’ve learned 9. New speeches, including an exemplary speech and consider ethical dilemmas you could face; and by a student, contribute to an impressive sample referrals to a few good online resources. speech appendix that will inspire you. Annota- 4. More How To boxes make it easy to find and tions now point out exactly how these sample refer back to clear, step-by-step instructions speeches use the techniques described through- for key skills when you are preparing your own out the book—techniques you can use, too! speeches. 5. More Quick Check boxes and tables give you fast reviews so you can check your understand- ing or study for exams. This page intentionally left blank Public Speaking 4 Handbook Steven A. Beebe Texas State University—San Marcos Susan J. Beebe Texas State University—San Marcos Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo EDiTioN Editor-in-Chief, Communication: Karon Bowers Director of Development: Eileen Calabro Development Editor: Sheralee Connors Editorial Assistant: Megan Sweeney Marketing Manager: Blair Zoe Tuckman Associate Development Editor: Angela Mallowes Senior Digital Editor: Paul DeLuca Digital Editor: Lisa Dotson Project Manager: Anne Ricigliano Project Coordination, Text Design, and Electronic Page Makeup: Cenveo Publisher Services Text Permissions: Danielle Simon/Creative Compliance LLC Photo Research: Jill Kelly/PreMediaGlobal Cover Design Manager: Nancy Danahy Cover Art: William Low Procurement Specialist: Mary Ann Gloriande Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley/Crawfordsville GT 31 Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text and on pages 455–468 and 477. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beebe, Steven A. Public speaking handbook / Steven A. Beebe, Susan J. Beebe. — 4th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-205-02940-2 ISBN-10: 0-205-02940-X 1. Public speaking. 2. Oral communication. I. Beebe, Susan J. II. Title. PN4129.15.B44 2011 808.5'1—dc23 2011042932 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited repro- duction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1—DOC—14 13 12 11 ISBN 0-205-02940-X www.pearsonhighered.com ISBN 978-0-205-02940-2 Dedicated to our parents, Russell and Muriel Beebe and Herb and Jane Dye and to our children, Mark, Matthew, and Brittany Beebe This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xv PART 1 introduction 1 introduction to Public Speaking and the Audience-Centered Speaking Process 1 1.a Why Study Public Speaking? 2 QUICK CHECK Benefits of Public Speaking 3 1.b Public Speaking as a Communication Process 4 QUICK CHECK The Communication Process 7 1.c The Rich Heritage of Public Speaking 8 1.d An Overview of Audience-Centered Public Speaking 9 HOW TO Pick a Speech Topic 12 HOW TO Develop a Specific Purpose 13 HOW TO identify the Main ideas in Your Speech 14 HOW TO Select the Best Supporting Material 15 SAMPLE Speech outline 16 SAMPLE SPEECH our immigration Story by Pao Yang Lee 21 2 Speaking with Confidence 25 2.a Understand Your Nervousness 26 HOW TO Make Your Understanding of Anxiety Work for You 27 QUICK CHECK Understand Your Nervousness 30 2.b Build Your Confidence 30 HOW TO Channel Your Energy 32 HOW TO Get and Give Support in Public-Speaking Class 34 QUICK CHECK Build Your Confidence 35 vii viii Contents 3 Speaking Freely and Ethically 37 3.a Introduction to Ethics 38 3.b Speaking Freely 39 QUICK CHECK History of Free Speech in the United States 41 3.c Speaking Ethically 42 HOW TO incorporate an oral Citation into Your Speech 47 QUICK CHECK The Ethical Public Speaker . . . 48 3.d Speaking Credibly 48 PART 2 Analyzing an Audience 4 Listening to Speeches 51 4.a Effective Listening 52 QUICK CHECK Effective Listening 54 4.b Overcoming Barriers to Effective Listening 54 HOW TO Prevent information overload 54 HOW TO Minimize outside Distractions 56 HOW TO Counteract Prejudice 57 HOW TO overcome Receiver Apprehension 58 4.c How to Become a Better Listener 59 HOW TO Decode Nonverbal Messages 59 HOW TO Become an Active Listener 65 HOW TO Enhance Your Listening Skills 67 4.d Listening and Critical Thinking 67 QUICK CHECK Critical Thinking and Listening 70 4.e Analyzing and Evaluating Speeches 70 QUICK CHECK Giving Good Feedback 76 5 Analyzing Your Audience 81 5.a Becoming an Audience-Centered Speaker 82 HOW TO Become an Audience-Centered Speaker 83 5.b Gathering Information about Your Audience 84 HOW TO Develop a Survey 87