SSTTPP 4466--4466QQZZ1144--SSMM--TTGG SSoollddiieerr''ss MMaannuuaall aanndd TTrraaiinneerr''ss GGuuiiddee PPUUBBLLIICC AAFFFFAAIIRRSS SSPPEECCIIAALLIISSTT // CCHHIIEEFF PPUUBBLLIICC AAFFFFAAIIRRSS NNCCOO MMOOSS 4466QQ SSkkiillll LLeevveellss 11--33,, MMOOSS 4466ZZ SSkkiillll LLeevveell 44 HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DECEMBER 2010 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ii This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online (www.us.army.mil) and General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library at (www.train.army.mil). *STP 46-46-QZ14-SM-TG SOLDIER TRAINING HEADQUARTERS PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 46-46QZ14-SM-TG Washington, D.C., 17 December 2010 SOLDIER'S MANUAL and TRAINER'S GUIDE MOS 46Q / 46Z Public Affairs Specialist / Chief Public Affairs NCO Skill Levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... i PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1-1. General ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1-2. Training Overview .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1-3. Task Summaries ............................................................................................................ 1-4 1-4. Training Execution .......................................................................................................... 1-5 1-5. Force Protection ............................................................................................................. 1-7 1-6. Self Development ......................................................................................................... 1-11 1-7. Public Affairs Specialist Career Map ............................................................................ 1-12 1-8. Training Support ........................................................................................................... 1-14 Chapter 2. Training Guide ...................................................................................................................... 2-1 2-1. General ........................................................................................................................... 2-1 2-2. MOS training Plan .......................................................................................................... 2-5 2-3. Subject Area Codes ....................................................................................................... 2-6 2-4. Duty Position Requirements ........................................................................................... 2-7 2-5. Critical Task List ............................................................................................................. 2-8 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes STP 46-46Q14-SM-TG, 28 December 1994. i Contents Chapter 3. MOS/Skill Level Tasks ......................................................................................................... 3-1 Skill Level 1 Subject Area 1: Proprietary Guidelines 224-278-1110 Determine Ethical Considerations ............................................................................ 3-1 224-278-1111 Explain the Principles of Security, Accuracy, Policy and Propriety (SAPP) ............. 3-3 224-278-1120 Review a Media Product for Policy Violations .......................................................... 3-6 Subject Area 2: Interviews and Preparation 224-276-1211 Conduct an Interview .............................................................................................. 3-14 224-278-1210 Prepare for an Interview ......................................................................................... 3-16 224-278-1220 Determine News Sources for a Media Product ...................................................... 3-18 Subject Area 3: Writing 224-276-1310 Write a News Story ................................................................................................. 3-22 224-276-1311 Write an Accident or Incident Story ........................................................................ 3-24 224-276-1312 Write a Feature Story ............................................................................................. 3-27 224-276-1313 Write a Commentary ............................................................................................... 3-30 224-276-1314 Write a Photo Cutline .............................................................................................. 3-33 224-276-1315 Write a Headline ..................................................................................................... 3-35 224-276-1330 Write a Release For Broadcast Media ................................................................... 3-39 224-278-1316 Write a News Release ............................................................................................ 3-43 224-278-1317 Write a Media Advisory ........................................................................................... 3-45 224-278-1320 Localize News Service Material ............................................................................. 3-47 Subject Area 4: Photography 224-276-1410 Operate a Digital Camera ....................................................................................... 3-49 224-276-1420 Shoot a Photograph with an Electronic Flash ........................................................ 3-54 224-276-1421 Shoot a Digital Photo in Low Light with or Without Amplification Devices ............. 3-57 224-276-1430 Shoot a Spot News Photograph ............................................................................. 3-59 224-276-1440 Shoot a Picture Story .............................................................................................. 3-62 Subject Area 5: Image Processing 224-276-1510 Enhance an Image ................................................................................................. 3-66 224-276-1520 Import a Digital Image For Release ........................................................................ 3-68 224-276-1530 Transmit a Digital Image......................................................................................... 3-69 224-276-1540 Scan a Conventional Image For Release ............................................................... 3-71 Subject Area 6: Publications 224-276-1610 Copy Edit Material for Publication .......................................................................... 3-72 224-276-1620 Select Images for Publication ................................................................................. 3-76 224-276-1630 Produce a Publication ............................................................................................. 3-79 Subject Area 7: Product Distribution 224-278-1710 Apply Visual Information Record Identification Number (VIRIN) Standards to Digital Imagery ...................................................................................................... 3-84 224-278-1720 Convert Digital Imagery for Distribution to Multiple Platforms ................................ 3-86 224-278-1730 Disseminate A Media Product to Internal Information Sources.............................. 3-88 224-278-1740 Employ a Portable Digital Satellite Transmission System ...................................... 3-90 Subject Area 8: Media Operations 224-278-1810 Produce a Media Content Analysis ........................................................................ 3-92 224-278-1820 Record a Media or Public Inquiry ........................................................................... 3-95 ii STP 46-46QZ14-SM-TG 17 December 2010 Contents 224-278-1821 Respond to a Media or Public Inquiry .................................................................... 3-99 224-278-1830 Prepare Press Kits ................................................................................................ 3-101 224-278-1831 Register News Media ........................................................................................... 3-103 224-278-1832 Facilitate News Media .......................................................................................... 3-107 224-278-1850 Establish a Unit Emerging Media Site .................................................................. 3-111 Skill Level 2 Subject Area 8: Media Operations 224-278-2820 Conduct Media Interaction Training for Non-Public Affairs Personnel ................. 3-113 224-278-2850 Maintain Unit Emerging Media Site ...................................................................... 3-116 Skill Level 3 Subject Area 8: Media Operations 224-278-3810 Conduct Media Content Analysis ......................................................................... 3-117 224-278-3820 Plan Media Coverage of an Event ........................................................................ 3-120 224-278-3825 Accredit News Media ............................................................................................ 3-123 224-278-3830 Participate in a Media Interview ........................................................................... 3-127 224-278-3831 Conduct a Media Briefing ..................................................................................... 3-130 224-278-3840 Market a Media Product ....................................................................................... 3-136 224-278-3850 Establish a Media Operations Center ................................................................... 3-140 224-278-3851 Support a Media Operations Center ..................................................................... 3-145 Subject Area 9: Public Affairs Operations 224-278-3910 Establish a Digital Archive for Public Affairs Products ......................................... 3-149 224-278-3920 Identify Target Audiences for a Public Affairs Campaign ..................................... 3-152 224-278-3921 Identify Conflicts of Interest in a Public Affairs Activity ......................................... 3-154 224-278-3930 Prepare a Public Affairs Estimate ......................................................................... 3-158 224-278-3931 Develop Key Messages ........................................................................................ 3-161 224-278-3932 Write a Public Affairs SOP.................................................................................... 3-164 224-278-3933 Draft a Public Affairs Annex for an Operations Order .......................................... 3-167 224-278-3940 Implement a Unit Public Affairs Representative (UPAR) Program ...................... 3-174 224-278-3950 Implement Operations Functions for a Public Affairs Element ............................. 3-177 224-278-3960 Conduct a Public Affairs AAR ............................................................................... 3-182 Skill Level 4 Subject Area 8: Media Operations 224-278-4810 Supervise a Media Event...................................................................................... 3-186 224-278-4820 Supervise a Media Briefing .................................................................................. 3-188 224-278-4830 Prepare a Spokesperson to Address the Media .................................................. 3-191 224-278-4850 Supervise a Media Operations Center ................................................................. 3-195 Subject Area 9: Public Affairs Operations 224-278-4901 Supervise a Broadcast Facility ............................................................................. 3-200 224-278-4902 Approve a PA Product for Release ...................................................................... 3-203 224-278-4903 Manage a Command Information Campaign ....................................................... 3-217 224-278-4905 Identify Community Relations Planning Considerations ...................................... 3-219 224-278-4910 Develop a Crisis Communications Plan ............................................................... 3-223 224-278-4920 Review a Speech or Manuscript for Approval ...................................................... 3-228 224-278-4930 Write a Daily PA Situation Report (SITREP) ........................................................ 3-231 224-278-4940 Write Proposed Public Affairs Guidance .............................................................. 3-234 17 December 2010 STP 46-46QZ14-SM-TG iii Contents 224-278-4950 Apply PA Operations to the Targeting Process .................................................... 3-239 224-278-4951 Support an Information Operations Cell ............................................................... 3-242 APPENDIX A - JOURNALIST TRAINING AIDS ...................................................................................... A-1 APPENDIX B - HANDS-ON EVALUATION ............................................................................................. B-1 APPENDIX C - FIELD EXPEDIENT SQUAD BOOK ............................................................................... C-1 APPENDIX D - PUBLIC AFFAIRS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE .................................................. D-1 APPENDIX E - MEDIA CARD ................................................................................................................... E-1 APPENDIX F - MEDIA ACCREDITATION / EMBED APPLICATION ..................................................... F-1 APPENDIX G - PUBLIC AFFAIRS STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURE ....................................... G-1 APPENDIX H - PUBLIC AFFAIRS ESTIMATE ....................................................................................... H-1 APPENDIX I - PUBLIC AFFAIRS AFTER-ACTION REVIEW .................................................................. I-1 APPENDIX J - OPERATIONS ORDER .................................................................................................... J-1 APPENDIX K - PUBLIC AFFAIRS ANNEX FOR AN OPERATIONS ORDER ...................................... K-1 APPENDIX L - UNIT PUBLIC AFFAIRS REPRESENTATIVE FRAGMENTARY ORDER ..................... L-1 APPENDIX M - CRISIS COMMUNICATIONS PLAN .............................................................................. M-1 APPENDIX N - PUBLIC AFFAIRS GUIDANCE (PAG) .......................................................................... N-1 Glossary ...................................................................................................................................... Glossary-1 References .............................................................................................................................. References-1 iv STP 46-46QZ14-SM-TG 17 December 2010 PREFACE This publication is for skill level 1-3 Soldiers holding MOS 46Q, skill level 4 Soldiers holding MOS 46Z, trainers and first-line supervisors. It contains standardized training objectives, in the form of task summaries, to train and evaluate Soldiers on critical tasks which support unit missions during wartime. Trainers and first-line supervisors should ensure Soldiers holding MOS 46Q and 46Z have access to this publication. It should be made available in the Soldiers’ work area, learning center, unit libraries and online in the AKO Army Public Affairs Center (APAC) Training Development page knowledge center. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated. The proponent of this publication is the Army Public Affairs Center. Your contributions and ideas toward improving this manual are always welcome. If you have suggestions or ideas, please send them to us along with a return address. Be sure to state your reasons for any recommended changes so we can better evaluate your ideas. Send comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to: Army Public Affairs Center ATTN: Training Development SAPA-PA, Bldg. 8607 6th ACR Road Fort Meade, MD 20755-5650 Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. 17 December 2010 STP 46-46QZ14-SM-TG v This page intentionally left blank. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. GENERAL. This manual identifies the individual MOS training requirements for Soldiers in MOS 46Q, Public Affairs Specialist, and MOS 46Z, Chief Public Affairs NCO. Commanders, trainers, and Soldiers should use it to plan, conduct, and evaluate individual training in units. This manual is the primary MOS reference to support the self-development and training of every Soldier. Use this manual with the Soldier’s manuals of common tasks (STP 21-1-SMCT and STP 21-24-SMCT), and FM 7-0, Training for Full Spectrum Operations, to establish effective training plans and programs which integrate Soldier, leader, and collective tasks. Each Soldier is responsible for performing individual tasks, which the first-line supervisor identifies, based on the unit’s METL. The Soldier must perform the task to the standards listed in the SM. If a Soldier has a question about how to do a task, or which tasks in the manual he must perform, it is the Soldier’s responsibility to ask the first-line supervisor for clarification. The first-line supervisor knows how to perform each task, or can direct the Soldier to the appropriate training materials. Self-development is one of the key components of the leader development program. It is a planned progressive and sequential program to be followed by leaders to enhance and sustain their military competencies. It consists of individual study, research, professional reading, practice, and self- assessment. Under the self-development concept, the NCO, as an Army professional, has the responsibility to remain current in all phases of the MOS. The SM is the primary source for the NCO to use in maintaining MOS proficiency. Unit learning centers are valuable resources for planning self-development programs. They can help access enlisted career maps, training support products, and extension training materials. The CMF 46 Career Progression Chart should be helpful to Soldiers to map out their careers. 1-2. TRAINING OVERVIEW. Every Soldier, noncommissioned officer (NCO), warrant officer, and officer has one primary mission—to be trained and ready to fight and win our nation's wars. Success in battle does not happen by accident; it is a direct result of tough and realistic, and challenging training. Operational Environment (1) Commanders and leaders at all levels must conduct training with respect to a wide variety of operational missions across the full spectrum of operations; these operations may include combined arms, joint, multinational, and interagency considerations, and span the entire breadth of terrain and environmental possibilities. Commanders must strive to set the daily training conditions as closely as possible to those expected for actual operations. 17 December 2010 STP 46-46QZ14-SM-TG 1-1 (2) The operational missions of the Army include not only war, but also military operations other than war. Operations may be conducted as major combat operations, a small-scale contingency, or a peacetime military engagement. Offensive and defensive operations normally dominate military operations in war along with some small-scale contingencies. Stability operations and support operations dominate in operations other than war. Commanders at all echelons may combine different types of operations simultaneously and sequentially to accomplish their missions. These missions require training since future conflict will likely involve a mix of combat and non-combat operations, often concurrently. The range of possible missions complicates training. Army forces cannot train for every possible mission; they train for war and prepare for specific missions as time and circumstances permit. (3) Our forces today use a train-alert-deploy sequence. We cannot count on the time or opportunity to correct or make up training deficiencies after deployment. Maintaining forces that are ready now, places increased emphasis on training and the priority of training. This concept is a key link between operational and training doctrine. (4) Units train to be ready for war based on the requirements of a precise and specific mission; in the process they develop a foundation of combat skills that can be refined based on the requirements of the assigned mission. Upon alert, commanders assess and refine from this foundation of skills. In the train- alert-deploy process, commanders use whatever time the alert cycle provides to continue refinement of mission-focused training. Training continues during time available between alert notification and deployment, between deployment and employment, and even during employment as units adapt to the specific battlefield environment and assimilate combat replacements. How the Army Trains the Army (1) Training is a team effort and the entire Army has a role that contributes to force readiness and is responsible for resourcing the Army to train. The Institutional Army, including schools, training centers, and NCO academies, for example, train Soldiers and leaders to take their place in units in the Army by teaching the doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). Units, leaders, and individuals train to standard on their assigned critical individual tasks. The unit trains first as an organic unit and then as an integrated component of a team. Before the unit can be trained to function as a team, each Soldier must be trained to perform their individual supporting tasks to standard. Operational deployments and major training opportunities, such as major training exercises at CTCs provide rigorous, realistic, and stressful training. The operational experience under actual or simulated combat and operational conditions enhance unit readiness and produce bold, innovative leaders. The result of this Army-wide team effort is a training and leader development system that is unrivaled in the world. Effective training produces the force—Soldiers, leaders, and units—that can successfully execute any assigned mission. (2) The Army Training and Leader Development Model (Figure 1-1) centers on developing trained and ready units led by competent and confident leaders. The model depicts an important dynamic that creates a lifelong learning process. The three core domains that shape the critical learning experiences throughout a Soldiers and leaders time span are the operational, institutional, and self-development domains. Together, these domains interact using feedback and assessment from various sources and methods to maximize war-fighting readiness. Each domain has specific, measurable actions that must occur to develop our leaders. 1-2 STP 46-46QZ14-SM-TG 17 December 2010