Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his World Mnemosyne Supplements History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity Editedby Susan E. Alcock,BrownUniversity Thomas Harrison,Liverpool Willem M. Jongman,Groningen H.S. Versnel,Leiden VOLUME300 Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his World Editedby Paul McKechnie and Philippe Guillaume LEIDEN•BOSTON 2008 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData PtolemyIIPhiladelphusandhisworld/editedbyPaulMckechnieandPhilippeGuillaume. p.cm.--(Mnemosynesupplements.Historyandarchaeologyofclassicalantiquity) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-17089-6(hardback:alk.paper)1.Egypt--History--332-30B.C.2.Ptolemy IIPhiladelphus,KingofEgypt.I.Mckechnie,Paul,1957-II.Guillaume,Philippe.III.Title. IV.Series. DT92.P72008 932’.021092--dc22 [B] 2008033695 ISSN 0169-8958 ISBN 9789004170896 Copyright2008byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishers,MartinusNijhoffPublishersandVSP. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillNV providedthattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter, 222RosewoodDrive,Suite910,Danvers,MA01923,USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. printedinthenetherlands CONTENTS Preface ................................................................. ix Contributors ........................................................... xiii Abbreviations .......................................................... xv Introduction............................................................ 1 PaulMcKechnie alpha anewmorningopened inthelectureroom … - PtolemaicRoyalPatronage............................................ 9 OswynMurray beta fromzeusletusbegin … EconomicReformsintheMid-Reign ofPtolemyPhiladelphus..... 27 DorothyJ.Thompson TheForeignPolicyofPtolemyII ..................................... 39 CélineMarquaille ARe-ExaminationoftheChremonideanWar....................... 65 JamesL.O’Neil TheUnbalancedRelationshipbetweenPtolemyIIandPyrrhusof Epirus ............................................................... 91 GeoffW.Adams OGIS 1266:KingsandContractsintheHellenisticWorld..........103 MatthewTrundle vi contents gamma countlessarethelands butnoland … bringsforthsomuchaslowlyingegypt - EgyptiansintheHellenicWoodpile:Were Hekataios ofAbdera andDiodorosSikeliotesRighttoseeEgyptintheOriginsof Greece?..............................................................119 MartinBernal ElephantsforPtolemyII:PtolemaicPolicyinNubiaintheThird CenturyBC.........................................................135 StanleyM.Burstein PietyandDiplomacyinApollonius’Argonautica......................149 AnatoleMori MareshaintheReignofPtolemyIIPhiladelphus ...................171 AmosKloner HerakleopolisMagnaunderPhiladelphus ...........................183 ErjaSalmenkivi delta howhasitnotoccurredtoanyofthe historiansorpoetstomakemention ofsuchenormousachievements? PtolemyPhiladelphusandJewish Writings:Aristobulusand Pseudo-AristeasasExamplesofAlexandrian Jewish Approaches..........................................................193 Johann Cook SexualityandPtolemy’sGreekBible:Genesis1–3inTranslation: ‘…ThingswhichtheyAlteredforKingPtolemy’(Genesis Rabbah 8.11) ........................................................207 WilliamR.G.Loader PtolemyPhiladelphus:aNewMoses .................................233 PaulMcKechnie Philadelphus’AlexandriaasCradleofBiblical Historiography.....247 PhilippeGuillaume contents vii GenderingHealingbothHumanandDivine:theCaseofSirach 38:1–15...............................................................257 ElaineM.Wainwright epsilon andwithzeusmakeendyemuses … , InnovationsinAncientGarb?Hieroglyphic TextsfromtheTime ofPtolemyPhiladelphus............................................275 Joachim FriedrichQuack TheProblemofthePtolemaicSiblingMarriage:aCaseof DynasticAcculturation?............................................291 KostasBuraselis ThroughaWoman’sEyes,andinaWoman’sVoice:Ihweret as FocalizorintheFirstTaleofSetneKhaemwas.........................303 SteveVinson BilisticheandtheProminenceofCourtesansinthePtolemaic Tradition ............................................................353 DanielOgden TheGodSerapis,hisCultandtheBeginningsoftheRulerCult inPtolemaicEgypt..................................................387 StefanPfeiffer Bibliography ...........................................................409 GeneralIndex .........................................................455 IndexofPassagesCited ...............................................475 PREFACE Ptolemy II Philadelphus, king of Egypt from 282BC to 246, has hardly received the scholarly attention which his importance in the history of theHellenisticagewouldmerit.Aconventionalclaim,atthebeginning of a book about Ptolemy II Philadelphus, and the conventional follow- up would be to say that we, the authors of this volume, have now done our part to rectify such an inexplicable lapse. But in this case the lapse is not inexplicable. Little quoted these days, the thundering rhetoric of W.W.Tarnis,Iinfer,stillformingassumptions:1 [Ptolemy Soter’s] son, Ptolemy II Philadelphos, was of a very different nature.Aloneofthekingsofhistimehewasnowarrior;hisdealingswith thewar-godhadconsistedinputtingtwoofhisbrotherstodeathingood Oriental fashion. The prince who presided over Egypt’s age of gold was but a sickly creature, a devotee of pleasure in all its forms, ever seeking new pastimes and new sensations, whether among his mistresses, or in the gorgeouspleasure-fleet thathe kept onthe Nile, orin his menagerie of strange animals from far-off lands; one who exhausted every form of luxury, and who, prostrated by gout, envied the simple joys of the beggars beneath his window, even while he dabbled in search after the elixir that should make him immortal. Extremely able, nevertheless; a manofhighculture;thefirstdiplomatofhistime;governingEgyptwell, from the point of view of the Macedonian ruling caste, and amassing from it great treasures, as from a well-managed estate; distinguished above all by the encouragement which, following his father’s example, he gave to learning, art, and science, whereby he has made his name famous. His own tastes seem to have been opposed to war, and the first ten years of his reign were uniformly pacific; secure in the command of theAegeanandthefriendshipofSparta,thereappearedtobenoreason for his interference in Greece solong as Antigonos [Gonatas] soughtno conquests there. In the years following 276 men may conceivably have beguntodreamthatpeace,solonganexile,hadreturnedtotheworld. Our task in these pages includes, but also goes far beyond, saying that Philadelphus’kingdomwasnotaltogetherasTarn imaginedit. In 2004 a conversation between Bridget Buxton and myself, which arose from the task of teaching a course on Egypt and the Hellenistic World, progressed to speculation over whether it would be possible 1 W.W.Tarn,AntigonosGonatas(Oxford,1913),216–217.