Tyson_coverpage.indd 1 2/23/2011 5:53:51 PM TTyyssoonn__ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 22//11//22001111 66::5555::5533 AAMM Psychology in Social Context TTyyssoonn__ffffiirrss..iinndddd ii 22//11//22001111 66::5555::5533 AAMM TTyyssoonn__ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 22//11//22001111 66::5555::5533 AAMM Psychology in Social Context Issues and Debates Philip John Tyson, Dai Jones, and Jonathan Elcock TTyyssoonn__ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiiiii 22//11//22001111 66::5555::5533 AAMM This edition first published 2011 © 2011 Philip John Tyson, Dai Jones, and Jonathan Elcock BPS Blackwell is an imprint of Blackwell Publishing, which was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Philip John Tyson, Dai Jones, and Jonathan Elcock to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available for this publication HB: 9781405168243 PB: 9781405168236 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDFs 9781444396225; ePub 9781444396232 Set in 11/13pt Dante by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2011 TTyyssoonn__ffffiirrss..iinndddd iivv 22//11//22001111 66::5555::5544 AAMM To Jacob, Christiana, Mona, Ken, and all the other Tysons who’ve taken an interest in this project Phil Tyson To my mother with love Dai Jones To Kathleen May Elcock Jonathan Elcock TTyyssoonn__ffffiirrss..iinndddd vv 22//11//22001111 66::5555::5544 AAMM TTyyssoonn__ffffiirrss..iinndddd vvii 22//11//22001111 66::5555::5544 AAMM Contents About the Authors viii Preface ix 1 The Nature of Psychology 1 2 Psychology and Society 18 3 Psychology, Intelligence, and IQ 35 4 Psychology and Race 54 5 Psychology and Women 71 6 Beyond Nature Versus Nurture 86 7 Psychology in Service to the State 104 8 Ethical Standards in Psychology 121 9 Personality and Personality Tests 139 10 Psychology and Mental Health 155 11 Freud and Psychology 173 12 Parapsychology 191 13 Psychology in Everyday Life 207 14 Further Issues in Psychology 223 15 Psychology at Issue? 237 Selected Glossary 254 References 257 Index 273 TTyyssoonn__ffttoocc..iinndddd vviiii 22//11//22001111 66::5555::4400 AAMM About the Authors Dr. Philip Tyson is an academic psychologist with a special interest in mental health, neuropsychology, and critical psychology. He did his undergraduate psy- chology degree at Middlesex University, then completed an MSc in cognitive neuropsychology at the University of Essex. He then moved to the University of Hull to study for his PhD. His thesis here investigated the cognitive effects of med- ication used to treat schizophrenia. He has worked at the University of Gloucestershire since 2003, where he pursues his joint passions of research and lecturing. Dai Jones has been a lecturer in psychology at the University of Gloucestershire for 15 years, teaching in the areas of conceptual and historical psychology, cog- nitive psychology, and research methods. He is co-author (with Jonathan Elcock) of History and Theories of Psychology, and contributed four chapters on historical and conceptual issues to Davey’s Complete Psychology. He has been consulting editor for books on historical and conceptual issues in psychology for BPS Blackwell. His scholarly interests include history of psychology, psychology and social issues, psychological language, and e-pedagogy. Jonathan Elcock is a senior lecturer at the University of Gloucestershire, where he has worked for 18 years. He has co-authored with Dai Jones Histories and Theories of Psychology, and has publications in human–computer interaction, research into cognitive problems in older adults diagnosed with dementia, and discourse analysis of rave culture. His current scholarly interests include historical and conceptual issues in psychology, and how psychology interacts with social class, gender, and sexuality. TTyyssoonn__ffbbeettww..iinndddd vviiiiii 22//11//22001111 66::5555::5588 AAMM