PSYCHOLOGY AND WORK Psychology and Work is a new textbook for introductory Industrial and Organizational (I/O) Psychology classes. Written by award-winning I/O professors with expert- ise in I/O Psychology and teaching this course, the book is organized into three main sections. It first includes an overview of the history of I/O Psychology and a chapter on research methods, subsequently covers the core principles of Industrial Psychology, and then discusses the key areas of Organizational Psychology. The book contains numerous features that highlight key concepts and their rele- vance to students: • Learning goals direct students to the main objectives of each chapter • What Does This Mean for You? and Workplace Application boxes address the implications of the material for students • Case studies with accompanying questions illustrate how concepts are relevant in real-world practice • Reading lists and Your Turn… questions provide further discussion • Keywords defined in the margins help students grasp important concepts • Sections discussing global and current issues give students a sense of what’s happening in the I/O psychology field The book also has extensive online resources such as interactive features, quizzes, PowerPoint slides, and an instructor’s manual. Accompanied by a dynamic design and a strong set of pedagogical tools, Psychology and Work presents all-new content and relevant coverage for the I/O psychology course. Donald M. Truxillo is Professor of Industrial/Organizational Psychology at Portland State University. Talya N. Bauer is the Cameron Professor of Management and Affiliated Psych- ology Faculty Member at Portland State University. Berrin Erdogan is Professor of Management and Affiliated Psychology Faculty Member at Portland State University. PSYCHOLOGY AND WORK Perspectives on Industrial and Organizational Psychology Donald M. Truxillo Talya N. Bauer Berrin Erdogan First published 2016 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Taylor & Francis The right of Donald M. Truxillo, Talya N. Bauer, and Berrin Erdogan to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Truxillo, Donald M. Psychology and work : perspectives on industrial and organizational psychology / Donald M. Truxillo, Talya N. Bauer, Berrin Erdogan.  pages cm 1. Psychology, Industrial. 2. Organizational behavior. 3. Organizational sociology. 4. Work–Psychological aspects. I. Bauer, Talya. II. Erdogan, Berrin.  III. Title. HF5548.8.T746 2015 158.7–dc23   2015012691 ISBN: 978-1-84872-507-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-84872-508-9 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-88204-8 (ebk) Typeset in Whitney by Out of House Publishing For Chip -DT For Horst -TB For Emre -BE CONTENTS Preface viii About the Authors xiii PART I Background 1 1 Industrial and Organizational Psychology: The Profession and its History 3 2 Research Methods 34 PART II Industrial Psychology 73 3 Job Analysis 75 4 Criterion Measures 111 5 Performance Appraisal: Measurement and Management of Performance 137 6 Personnel Selection: Tests and Other Selection Procedures 179 7 Personnel Selection: Strategic Issues in the Deployment of Selection Systems 226 8 Training and Development 270 PART III Organizational Psychology 321 9 Work Motivation 323 10 Leadership at Work 360 11 Job Attitudes and Emotions at Work 402 12 Stress and Occupational Health Psychology 439 13 Teams at Work 487 14 Organizational Structure, Culture, and Change 525 Images and Credit Lines 566 Name Index 571 Organizations Index 580 Subject Index 581 PREFACE We are proud to present this new I/O psychology textbook, Psychology and Work: Perspectives on Industrial and Organizational Psychology. This was definitely a labor of love: All three of us are dedicated teachers. And we are all passion- ate about the field of Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychology, or psychology applied to the workplace. How could we not be? I/O psychology is devoted to the place where most adults spend the majority of their waking hours. We are especially excited about giving students their first exposure to this vibrant and growing discipline: According to the US Department of Labor Statistics, “I/O psychologist” is currently the fastest growing job in the US (http://www.bls.gov/ emp/ep_table_103.htm). We set out to create a book that would reflect our enthusiasm for the field as well as our love of both teaching and researching the many important issues involved in I/O psychology. We wanted to translate and share the best and most recent of I/O psychology’s evidence-based knowledge for students so they would have the opportunity to become as excited and passionate about the importance and useful- ness of I/O psychology as we are! Of course, we covered the primary areas of I/O psychology, giving students a broad survey of the course content. However, with over 60 years of combined teaching experience among the three of us, we also wanted to bring what we have seen work in the classroom to the forefront. We wanted to create a book that would be a great resource by being both engaging and informative for students. We also wanted to it to be a useful tool for instructors to bring the topic to life for students ranging from those who have little work experience to those with a great deal of it. In light of this, our book has a number of distinguishing features to make it useful and accessible for both students and instructors: Preface For Students • A clear statement of learning goals at the beginning of each chapter. • Clear workplace examples to illustrate key concepts throughout the book. • Colorful photos and graphics in every chapter. • Review questions at the end of each chapter focused on the application of course material. ix