Nevid-ffirs.indd 2 11/17/2015 11:51:10 PM An easy way to Psychology and the Challenges of Life, 13e help your studentswCFBraowocvnwket r .CC wDooeivvleseeiyrgr . nPcPlw:hoh eKoomwsaettoo/ntarc::wuj n tino© hNd il.d mlmgKrewei oegeonv imneuit ri•htgl/ segs en •eB a ue h y•aid csmvna tPhW iiaaTaddla oa lcsnph r ticckU/sertee iGheasoee a pSei a cm setcnWocoltdtt yshsro ee beaIi Wot imll pasiegolenanlaa rrpsthyg saobhnpweePtoitgyose ileriLi nhlorr rntrU.e caahgnestawosotStaoS i’osn vs ytnpsL fne aab aatbmede PrllocliaeocyezoyternnnthaeLsoni.gg ao rdtciyn ft nmn Uoithosimoghrsnmusti ecugp S aSra ad oscwpa ennyr o asntdatd uhLacpv y ttpreenyli,asr ueoyr,tao eno. uesnni d,bnatrmdmu lte ,eedaremre tnanenn atcra titptsrian esr:wlnosadi vst gtih d o egt hs Se l rcpoeuoarascew mrea. tneirsia, l a n RathusEditionPsychology and the challenges of life Adjustment and GrowthNevidThirteenth PcshyJeafcfRlehy lasod. ejNuTelshnvtimriotdeeg e n ngt t eha s nyEpdsde itgN i orcaoneowRn tahf. Rd alt hiutsfhee learn, collaborate, and grow. Diagnose Early Facilitate Engagement Measure Outcomes Educators assess the real-time Educators can quickly organize With visual reports, it’s easy for both profi ciency of each student to inform learning activities, manage student educators and students to gauge teaching decisions. Students always collaboration, and customize their problem areas and act on what’s know what they need to work on. course. Students can collaborate most important. and have meaningful discussions on concepts they are learning. Instructor Benefi ts Student Benefi ts (cid:127) Assign activities and add your own materials (cid:127) Instantly know what you need to work on (cid:127) Guide students through what’s important in the (cid:127) Create a personal study plan interactive e-textbook by easily assigning specifi c (cid:127) Assess progress along the way content (cid:127) Participate in class discussions (cid:127) Set up and monitor collaborative learning groups (cid:127) Remember what you have learned because you have (cid:127) Assess learner engagement made deeper connections to the content (cid:127) Gain immediate insights to help inform teaching www.wileypluslearningspace.com Nevid-ffirs.indd 1 12/7/2015 11:47:43 AM Nevid-ffirs.indd 2 11/17/2015 11:51:10 PM Psychology and the Challenges of Life Nevid-ffirs.indd 3 11/17/2015 11:51:10 PM Nevid-ffirs.indd 4 11/17/2015 11:51:10 PM 13 Psychology and the E D I T I O N Challenges of Life Adjustment and Growth Jeffrey S. Nevid St. John’s University Spencer A. Rathus College of New Jersey Nevid-ffirs.indd 5 11/17/2015 11:51:10 PM VICE PRESIDENT & DIRECTOR George Hoffman EXECUTIVE EDITOR Christopher Johnson ASSISTANT Wauntao Matthews SENIOR DIRECTOR Don Fowley PROJECT MANAGER Gladys Soto PROJECT SPECIALIST Nichole Urban PROJECT ASSISTANT Anna Melhorn ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER Puja Katariwala ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR Kevin Holm SENIOR CONTENT SPECIALIST Nicole Repasky PRODUCT DESIGNER Beth Tripmacher PRODUCTION EDITOR Bharathy Surya Prakash PHOTO RESEARCHER MaryAnn Price COVER PHOTO CREDIT Front Cover Photo: © Keith Bishop/Getty Images Back Cover Photo: © Hero Images/Getty Images This book was set in 10/12 Times Ten LT Std by SPi Global and printed and bound by Quad Graphics Versailles. This book is printed on acid free paper. ∞ Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. 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Identifiers: LCCN 2015031974 (print) | LCCN 2015041720 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118978252 (looseleaf) | ISBN 9781119178194 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119178163 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Adjustment (Psychology) | Psychology. Classification: LCC BF335 .N475 2016 (print) | LCC BF335 (ebook) | DDC 155.2/4—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015031974 Printing identification and country of origin will either be included on this page and/or the end of the book. In addition, if the ISBN on this page and the back cover do not match, the ISBN on the back cover should be considered the correct ISBN. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Nevid-ffirs.indd 6 11/17/2015 11:51:10 PM Preface Welcome to the 13th edition of Psychology and the Challenges of Life: Adjustment and Growth. Continuing a tradition we have held to since we first began working on this text, we reflect on how psychological science can help us better understand our- selves and adjust to the many challenges we face in our daily lives. Our emphasis on applications of psychological concepts and principles in meeting life challenges remains a core feature of our approach. We examine the role of psychology in help- ing us effectively manage our time, develop our self‐identity, build and maintain friendships and intimate relationships, adopt healthier behaviors and lifestyles, cope with stress, and deal with emotional problems and psychological disorders. In these uncertain times, we feel it also is appropriate to examine the challenges that arise from broader threats we face, including threats posed by natural disasters and acts of terrorism. This is a very different generation than the one that turned the pages of this text in its early editions. Our students today are the most wired, plugged‐in generation in human history. They are a Googling, IMing, Facebooking, texting, and iPoding gen- eration. These digital natives have never known a time without the Internet, the World Wide Web, and cell phones. The use of avatars, or alter egos in cyberspace, is creating a whole new type of psychological identity. At around the time that today’s college‐age students were born, a web was something that only spiders spun, tablets were used only to administer medication, and mobile phones were so bulky, cumber- some, and expensive that mainly only a few business executives and military person- nel used them. In the past few editions we have endeavored to examine the impact of changing technology and the role of social media on our psychological adjustment. In this edi- tion we expand on this focus, incorporating the latest research findings on the psy- chological and social impact of Facebook and other social media. But even as we reflect on these changes and the challenges they pose, we maintain our focus on core issues in the psychology of adjustment and personal growth—the psychology of self, coping with stress, understanding psychological disorders, and developing healthier behaviors, relationships, and lifestyles. With these goals in mind, we approached the writing of each new edition with sev- eral clear objectives that have shaped and defined this text through many revisions: ❚ To communicate the scientific bases of psychology through coverage of research methods, review of classical studies in psychology that inform our understanding of underlying issues, and comprehensive coverage of research reported in the scientific literature during the past few years ❚ To apply psychological principles to help readers meet the challenges they face in daily life, to resolve problems, and to reach their unique potentials ❚ To reflect the importance of human diversity in our lives today ❚ To provide a comprehensive pedagogical package that stimulates learning and strengthens memory ❚ To motivate students through the use of humor and personal anecdotes ❚ To present abstract, complex concepts in engaging, accessible prose that speaks directly to students, not down to them Nevid-f02.indd 7 11/18/2015 9:30:38 PM viii ❚ Preface What’s New in This Edition The IDEA Model This edition incorporates a learning platform called the IDEA model, which is a convenient acronym representing four types of learning objectives intended to guide students in their mastery of the psychological bases of personal adjustment and growth: ❚ Identify . . . key figures and important contributors to the psychology of adjust- ment, parts of the neuron and of the nervous system, types of psychotropic drugs, and so on. ❚ Define or Describe . . . key concepts of the major psychological theories relating to adjustment and growth. ❚ Evaluate or Explain . . . theoretical concepts and processes and mechanisms underlying behavior and mental processes. ❚ Apply . . . psychological concepts and principles to real‐life examples. The IDEA model is built on the foundation of Bloom’s taxonomy and is organized to represent three general levels of educational objectives: (1) the lowest levels in Bloom’s taxonomy, comprising basic concept acquisition and knowledge (Identify and Define/Describe); (2) the middle level in Bloom’s taxonomy, comprising applications of new knowledge (Apply); and (3) the highest levels in Bloom’s taxonomy, consisting of analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing new knowledge (Evaluate/Explain). Learning Objectives Consistent with the IDEA model, this edition introduces Learning Objectives in each chapter and keys them to specific learning verbs in the IDEA model to empha- size the skills students will acquire as they use the text. Revised Chapter Reviews To complete the learning circle, we double back on the learning objectives in the Chapter Review by providing brief sample responses. We suggest students write out their own answers to the learning objectives and then compare their answers with the sample answers in the text. Their answers to the learning objectives can then be used as an effective study guide in reviewing the major concepts in the chapter. Applying Psychology in Daily Life Emphasizing the importance of applying psychological knowledge to the problems and challenges we face in daily life, we end each chapter with the Applying Psychology in Daily Life feature. We use the MyLife, MyPsych icon to emphasize the relevance of this material to our personal lives. As in the previous edition, the MyLife, MyPsych icon also accompanies the in‐text self‐scoring questionnaires that help students examine their attitudes and behavior in light of the concepts discussed in the text. Here is the listing of the Applying Psychology in Daily Life features: ❚ Becoming a Successful Student (Chapter 1) ❚ Understanding Myself (Chapter 2) ❚ Managing Stress (Chapter 3) ❚ Becoming an Active Health Care Consumer (Chapter 4) ❚ Finding Healthful Alternatives to Harmful Substances (Chapter 5) ❚ Enhancing Self‐Esteem (Chapter 6) Nevid-f02.indd 8 11/18/2015 9:30:38 PM