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Psychological and Neural Mechanisms of Stay/Leave Decision Making Amber Heijne PDF

149 Pages·2014·1.19 MB·English
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Psychological and Neural Mechanisms of Stay/Leave Decision Making by Amber Heijne M.Sc. Behavioural Science, Radboud University, 2010 B.Sc. Psychology, Radboud University, 2008 Doctoral thesis submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctoral School in Psychological Sciences and Education XXVII Cycle Advisor: Prof. Alan G. Sanfey Tutor: Prof. Nicolao Bonini Coordinator: Prof. Paola Venuti December 2014 - 2 - LIST OF PAPERS I. Amber Heijne & Alan G. Sanfey (under review). How social and nonsocial rewards affect stay/leave decision making: The influence of actual and expected rewards. II. Amber Heijne, Filippo Rossi & Alan G. Sanfey (in preparation). Social versus nonsocial stay/leave decisions: Neuroccomputational evidence for the need to belong. III. Amber Heijne & Alan G. Sanfey (in preparation). Social versus nonsocial reinforcement learning: Resisting against the effect of priors. - 3 - - 4 - TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. General Introduction 9 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Scientific approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Neuroscience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Overview of studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2. How social and nonsocial rewards affect stay/leave decision making: 27 The influence of actual and expected rewards. Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Study 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Study 1: Methods & Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Study 1: Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Study 1: Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Study 2: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Study 2: Methods & Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Study 2: Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Study 2: Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 - 5 - 3. Social versus nonsocial reinforcement learning: Resisting against the effect of priors 59 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Methods & Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4. Social versus nonsocial stay/leave decisions: An fMRI study 81 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Methods & Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Behavioural analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Behavioural results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Imaging analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Imaging results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 5. General Discussion 107 General aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Scientific approach: Advantages and challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Summary of the findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Questions answered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Future questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 - 6 - 6. Acknowledgements 119 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 7. Appendix 123 Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 8. Reference lists 127 Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Chapter 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 - 7 - - 8 - Chapter 1 General Introduction - 9 - - 10 -

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Stay/Leave Decision Making by. Amber Heijne. M.Sc. Behavioural Science, Radboud University, 2010. B.Sc. Psychology, Radboud University, 2008 . INTRODUCTION. Every day, people are faced with a constant stream of decisions, such as perceptual decisions (i.e., look at street signs to navigate),
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