PROTOCOLS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY WIRELESS NETWORKS This page intentionally left blank PROTOCOLS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY WIRELESS NETWORKS by Alessandro Andreadis Giovanni Giambene KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK,BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBookISBN: 0-306-47795-5 Print ISBN: 1-4020-7326-7 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers NewYork, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook maybe reproducedor transmitted inanyform or byanymeans,electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank Prof. Giuliano Benelli for his continuous help and encouragement. This page intentionally left blank Table of contents PREFACE XI PART I: MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES CHAPTER 1: MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS 1 1.1 FREQUENCYDIVISIONMULTIPLEACCESS(FDMA) 2 1.2 TIMEDIVISIONMULTIPLEACCESS(TDMA) 2 1.3 RESOURCE REUSE WITH TDMA AND FDMA 4 1.4 CODEDIVISIONMULTIPLEACCESS(CDMA) 8 1.4.1 DS-CDMA spreading process 11 1.4.2 Basic considerations on the capacity of DS-CDMA systems 13 CHAPTER 2: THE GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 17 2.1 INTRODUCTIONTO GSM 17 2.1.1 Base station sub-system 17 2.1.2 Network sub-system 18 2.2 GSMSTANDARD EVOLUTION 20 2.3 GPRSNETWORK ARCHITECTURE 22 2.4 GSM-GPRSAIR INTERFACE: DETAILS ON PHYSICAL LAYER 25 2.5 EDGEANDE-GPRS 29 2.6 RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS 30 2.7 QOS ISSUES IN THEGPRS SYSTEM 34 2.8 GPRS TYPICAL PROCEDURES 38 2.8.1 GPRS tunneling protocol architecture 40 2.8.2 GPRS protocol stack 42 2.9 GPRSSERVICES 43 CHAPTER 3: 3G MOBILE SYSTEMS 45 3.1 UMTSTRAFFICCLASSES 52 3.2 UMTS ARCHITECTURE DESCRIPTION 55 3.3 UTRAN RESOURCES 65 3.4 UMTS AIR INTERFACE: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHYSICAL LAYER 68 3.4.1 UTRA-FDD physical layer characteristics 69 3.4.2 Mapping of transport channels onto physical channels 80 3.4.3 UTRA-TDD physical layer characteristics 81 3.5 VOICE SERVICE IN UMTS 82 3.6 NEW SERVICE CONCEPTS SUPPORTED BYUMTS 83 3.7 UMTS RELEASES DIFFERENCES 85 viii Protocols for High-Efficiency Wireless Networks 3.7.1 Release '99 85 3.7.2 Release 4 86 3.7.3 Release 5 87 CHAPTER 4:SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 91 4.1 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS ON SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 93 4.1.1 Satellite orbit types 93 4.1.2 Frequency bands and signal attenuation 101 4.1.3 Satellite network telecommunication architectures 102 4.2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MOBILE SATELLITE SYSTEMS 103 4.2.1 Satellite UMTS 104 4.2.2 Future satellite system protocols for high-capacity transmissions 106 4.3 OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED MOBILE SATELLITE SYSTEMS 107 CHAPTER 5:MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS BEYOND 3G 115 5.1 REVIEW ON NEW ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES 120 5.2 4G VIEW FROM EU RESEARCH PROJECTS 123 PART II: SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES, ACCESS SCHEMES AND MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CHAPTER 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS ON RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 127 CHAPTER 2:TRAFFIC MODELS 135 2.1 VOICE SOURCES 135 2.2 VIDEOSOURCES 136 2.3 WEB BROWSING SOURCES 139 2.4 SELF-SIMILAR TRAFFIC SOURCES 143 2.5 DATA TRAFFIC SOURCES 146 2.6 CHANNEL MODELS 147 CHAPTER 3:RRM IN GPRS 151 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF LAYER 2 PROTOCOLS OF GPRS 151 3.2 MEDIUM ACCESS MODES 152 3.3 TERMINAL STATES AND TRANSFER MODES 153 3.4 ACCESS TECHNIQUES 154 3.4.1 P-persistent access procedure 155 3.4.2 One- and two-phase access procedures 156 3.4.3 Queuing and polling procedures 156 3.4.4 Paging procedure 157 3.4.5 A detailed example of a one-phase access procedure 157 3.5 GPRSPERFORMANCE EVALUATION 160 CHAPTER 4: RRM IN WCDMA 165