Prosperity through Sustainable Agriculture Country Programming Framework within a “Delivering as One UN” Context Focused on: Enhanced Food and Nutrition Security Sustainable Agricultural Economic Growth Disaster Risk Reduction/Management and Emergency Response (including Natural Resource Management) Capacity Development for Agriculture Sector under Devolution Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank ADP Annual Development Plans BISP Benazir Income Support Programme CPF FAO - GoP’s Country Programming Framework DDMA District Disaster Management Authority DRR/M Disaster Risk Reduction/Management EAD Economic Affairs Division FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GEF Global Environment Facility GCP Government Cooperation Programme (funds from FAO members to Pakistan) GoP Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan GTFS Global Trust Fund for Food Security HDI Human Development Index HLV Hazard, livelihood and vulnerability IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFI International Financial Institutions (such as World Bank, IFAD, ADB) MDG Millennium Development Goal MinCC Ministry of Climate Change MinD&LD Ministry of Dairy and Livestock Development (technical aspects devolved to provinces in July 2011) MinDM Ministry of Disaster Management MinFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture (technical aspects devolved to provinces in June 2011) MinFAL Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock MoNFS&R Ministry of National Food Security and Research MTF Multi-donor Trust Fund NAPHIS National Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service NARC National Agricultural Research Centre NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NMTPF National Medium-Term Priority Framework NRM Natural Resource Management NZHP National Zero Hunger Programme OPII One UN Programme Second Phase (2013-2017) OSRO Office of Special Relief Operations PADPs Provincial Agriculture Development Plans PARC Pakistan Agricultural Research Council PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority PINS Pakistan Integrated Nutrition Strategy PSDP Public Sector Development Programme SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SPFS Special Programme for Food Security (FAO’s core funds) TCP Technical Cooperation Programme (FAO’s core funds) UN United Nations UNCT UN Country Team (consists of heads of agencies, led by the Resident Coordinator) UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNJP UN Joint Programme (Delivering as One) USABBA United States Assistance to Agricultural Development in Balochistan Border Areas UTF Unilateral Trust Fund (funded by GoP) WB World Bank WFP World Food Programme FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 2 Acknowledgements FAO Representation in Pakistan wishes to thank the many persons consulted during the formulation of this Country Programming Framework. Inputs were generously provided from Federal and Provincial government sources, non-governmental organizations, private sector with special appreciation to Nestlé Pakistan, farmer associations especially in Balochistan under “United States Assistance to Agricultural Development in Balochistan Border Areas (USABBA)” project, many UN and FAO project staff members and the dedicated staff of the FAO Representation itself. Government of Pakistan, FAO Headquarter and FAO Regional Office for Asia and Pacific staff members provided valuable insights and feedback during extensive reviews. Finally, Mr. Daud Khan, FAO Headquarters, and Mr. Chris Baker, Consultant and long- time FAO associate, deserve a strong note of thanks for their research, consultation, guidance and drafting of this Framework which will direct the efforts of the FAO Representation in Pakistan for the next six years. FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 3 Contents Contents ............................................................................................................................................... 4 What is FAO?....................................................................................................................................... 6 I. Foreword ....................................................................................................................................... 9 II. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 11 III. The Situation and Outlook for Agriculture and Food Security ............................................... 13 National Context .......................................................................................................................................... 13 The Agriculture Sector ................................................................................................................................. 13 Poverty and Food Security ........................................................................................................................... 14 Investments in Agriculture Operations and Irrigation................................................................................. 17 Strategies for Development ........................................................................................................................ 18 A New Growth Framework .......................................................................................................................... 18 The Institutional Setup ................................................................................................................................ 18 Challenges and Opportunities ..................................................................................................................... 20 The Devolution Process ............................................................................................................................... 20 IV. FAO Comparative Advantage and FAO Priority Areas ......................................................... 24 FAO’s Goals and Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 24 FAO Areas of Expertise and Competence .................................................................................................... 24 Working with Development and Humanitarian Partners ............................................................................ 25 Review of the National Medium-Term Priority Framework (2007-2010) ................................................... 25 FAO’s Areas of Priority Action ..................................................................................................................... 27 V. Programming for Results ........................................................................................................ 28 VI. Implementation Arrangements ................................................................................................ 30 Institutional Mechanism .............................................................................................................................. 30 Short term implementation plan ................................................................................................................. 30 Resource Mobilization for the CPF .............................................................................................................. 30 VII. Monitoring and Evaluation ..................................................................................................... 32 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Mechanisms ................................................................................... 32 CPF (2012-2017) and One Programme II (2013-2017) M&E ....................................................................... 32 CPF M&E Plan and Calendar ........................................................................................................................ 33 Annex 1: FAO Successes in Pakistan ............................................................................................................ 35 Annex 2. National Zero Hunger Action Plan and Supporting Programmes of the Government of Pakistan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37 Annex 3: Priority Matrix (2012 to 2017) ...................................................................................................... 39 Annex 4: Results Matrix ............................................................................................................................... 46 FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 4 Annex 5: FAO Achievements within the National Medium-Term Priority Framework (2007-2010) and On- going Projects in Pakistan ............................................................................................................................ 54 Annex 6 – Pipelines ...................................................................................................................................... 61 Annex 7 – Gender in Agriculture ................................................................................................................. 62 FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 5 What is FAO? The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was established in 1945 as in inter-governmental member- based technical organization. Pakistan joined FAO on 7 September 1947 and has been an active member since then. Today, FAO is the largest specialized agency in the United Nations System with 191 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. The basic objectives of the FAO were provided in the Preamble of the FAO Constitution, especially noting that these objectives will be reached through “separate and collective action”. The Preamble states: The Nations accepting this Constitution, being determined to promote the common welfare by furthering separate and collective action on their part for the purposes of  raising levels of nutrition and standards of living of the peoples under their respective jurisdictions,  securing improvements in the efficiency of the production and distribution of all food and agricultural products,  bettering the condition of rural populations, and thus contributing toward an expanding world economy, hereby establish the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, hereinafter referred to as the "Organization," through which the Members will report to one another on the measures taken and the progress achieved in the fields of action set forth above. The functions of FAO defining the manner in which the broad objectives, as defined in the Preamble, are to be achieved are set out in Article I, which reads: 1. The Organization shall collect, analyse, interpret and disseminate information relating to nutrition, food and agriculture. In this Constitution, the term “agriculture” and its derivatives include fisheries, marine products, forestry and primary forestry products. 2. The Organization shall promote and, where appropriate, shall recommend national and international action with respect to:  scientific, technological, social and economic research relating to nutrition, food and agriculture;  the improvement of education and administration relating to nutrition, food and agriculture, and the spread of public knowledge of nutritional agricultural science and practice;  the conservation of natural resources and the adoption of improved methods of agricultural production;  the improvement of the processing, marketing and distribution of food and agricultural;  the adoption of policies for the provision of adequate agricultural credit, national and international;  the adoption of international policies with respect to agricultural commodity 3. It shall also be the function of the Organization:  to furnish such technical assistance as governments may request;  to organize, in cooperation with the governments concerned, such missions as may be needed to assist them to fulfil the obligation arising from their acceptance of the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture and of this Constitution; and FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 6  generally to take all necessary and appropriate action to implement the purposes of the Organization as set forth in the Preamble. At the FAO Conference in November 2008, the 185 member countries of approved the following Vision for FAO and Global Goals for inclusion in the Strategic Framework Vision FAO’s vision is of a world free of hunger and malnutrition where food and agriculture contributes to improving the living standards of all, especially the poorest, in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner. Global Goals of Members To foster the achievement of this vision and of the Millennium Development Goals, FAO will promote the continuing contribution of food and sustainable agriculture to the attainment of three global goals: a) eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition, progressively ensuring a world in which all people at all times have sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life; b) elimination of poverty and the driving forward of economic and social progress for all, with increased food production, enhanced rural development and sustainable livelihoods; and c) sustainable management and utilization of natural resources, including land, water, air, climate and genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. Strategic Objectives: FAO has identified 5 Strategic Objectives that represent the main areas of work on which FAO will concentrate its efforts in striving to achieve its Vision and Global Goals. The Strategic Objectives are as follows: A. Contribute to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition; B. Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner; C. Reduce rural poverty; D. Enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems at local, national and international levels; E. Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises. FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 7 Pakistan Agriculture Profile Geography: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran & Afghanistan on the west and China in the north Land Boundaries Total: 6,774 km Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km Population: 180 Million, 6th most populated in the world. Urban: 67.55 million Rural: 113.16 million Male: 50.83 Percent 1 Female: 49.17 percent Climate: Diverse climate from northern arid high desert at 5,000 meter altitude, to southern coastal sub- tropical. Large dry desert in south-east and south-west. Temperate in northwest. Total Geographical Area: 79.6 Million hectares Rangelands and cultivated area: 50.8 and 21.2 Million hectares Irrigated area is almost 80% of total cultivated area Total cropped area: 23.80 million hectares Forest Area: 4.21 million hectares Major Crops: Wheat, Rice, Cotton and Sugar Cane Wheat: 7th position in the world; 13.1% value added and 2.7% GDP; Comparative advantage under import scenario. Nearly 77% contributed by Punjab Rice: 13th position in the world; 4.4% value added and 0.9% GDP, edge for Basmati rice & comparative advantage Cotton: 4th position in the world; 6.9% value added and 1.4% GDP, major contributions in exports & employment; 66% shared by Punjab; Comparative advantage under export Sugarcane: 6th position in the world; 3.6% value added and 0.8% in GDP; Comparative advantage under import scenario; 2/3rd of sugarcane is produced in Punjab Mango: 4th Dates: 5th Livestock: 2nd in buffalo; 13th in cattle; 9th sheep; 3rd in goat population Agricultural Growth Rate: 1.2 % in 2010-11 Contribution of Agriculture to GDP: 20.9% Major crops :( 6.50%); Minor crops (2.3%) Livestock: ( 11.5 %); Fisheries: (0.4%); Forestry: (0.2%) Economically active population in agriculture: 45 percent of the total labour force involved in agriculture; 36.2 percent male and 75.4 percent female. (Federal Bureau of Statistic 2010-11) 1 World Bank Report 2011 FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 8 I. Foreword 1. This Country Programming Framework (CPF) sets out four priority areas to guide FAO partnership and support with the Government of Pakistan - bringing together innovative international best practices and global standards with national and regional expertise during six years from 2012 to 2017. The CPF was prepared following extensive consultation with the Federal and Provincial Governments, the International Financing Institutions and donors in September/October 2011 as well as with the Ministry of National Food Security and Research (MoNFS&R) following its establishment on 26 October 2011. The CPF puts an immediate emphasis on reducing poverty and hunger in line with Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG 1) and building a more sustainable agriculture system that will create greater prosperity within the development context and aims of the Government of Pakistan. 2. The priority areas for FAO’s collaboration with Pakistan have been closely aligned to those agreed by the UN System with the Federal and Provincial Governments in the context of the One UN Programme Second Phase (OP-II) that is being prepared at the same time including its own extensive stakeholder consultations, and covers a similar period (2013-17). The CPF priority areas are also consistent with FAO’s sub-regional and regional priorities. 3. The four major priority areas are set out below. The first two elements comprise FAO’s twin track approach which aims to contribute significantly to MDG 1 for household food security through targeted support for vulnerable households while at the same time assisting small-scale farmers with sustainable growth out of poverty. The third focuses on better disaster risk reduction and management by the Government, while the fourth focuses on national capacity development to better manage the agriculture sector on:  Support to Food Security Policy and National Zero Hunger Programme for Enhanced Food and Nutrition Security including reduced household food insecurity and malnutrition in rural and urban areas; enhanced productive safety nets and support to the Pakistan Integrated Nutrition Strategy; and implementation of the FAO’s DRM/DRR Programme targeting post-emergency acute food insecurity and promoting agricultural livelihood early recovery in areas affected by floods, earthquake and displacement.  Support to Pakistan New Growth Strategy through Sustainable Agricultural2 Economic Growth including support for provincial agricultural investment projects and programmes linking small farmers to markets; raising productivity of crops, livestock, fisheries, aquaculture and forestry through sustainable intensified production using ecosystem services to reduce fossil fuel dependence; promoting productive and decent rural employment through value addition and market linkages; facilitating more Food for Cities3 actions; and encouraging public/private partnerships for strengthening value chains.  Disaster Risk Reduction/Management and Emergency Response (including Natural Resource Management), including support to vulnerable rural population to adapt to fragile ecosystems, climate change, man-made and natural disasters; collaborate with international, national and provincial partners to improve their capacity to monitor and assess national emergencies and transboundary pest and disease outbreaks; and design and implement programmes to assist vulnerable rural populations impacted by such events.  Capacity Development4 for Agriculture Sector under Devolution5 including collection of gender and age disaggregated data creation of a reliable data bases and information systems for providing a solid basis for policy making on food security; enhanced capacity for policy making on relevant regulatory 2 Agriculture defined to include crops, livestock, forestry, and fisheries as the men, women and youth involved. 3 See www.fao.org/fcit for more information on this global initiative 4 Capacity development aims at individuals, institutions and policy environments 5 Including government, private sector, academia and civil society FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 9 and legal issues such as land tenure, water governance, food safety and seed certification; adaptation of international standards and agreements into national systems; strengthening food safety and quality control and management system; and support to the federal and provincial Governments for strengthening post-devolution policies and institutions. 4. The priority areas emerging from the above mentioned consultations have been discussed and agreed with the Government of Pakistan. By endorsing the CPF 2012–2017, the Government of Pakistan is committed to providing collaboration, to the fullest possible extent with regard to available capacity and resources, to facilitate the achievement of the objectives and actions proposed in this document. The CPF will be pursued in partnerships as broad as possible and in alignment with the joint efforts of the Government of Pakistan and the donor community for enhanced coordination and aid effectiveness. The Government of Pakistan and FAO look forward to seeking collaboration and support from concerned partners vis-à-vis the successful implementation of the CPF. For the Government of Pakistan For the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO Pakistan Country Programming Framework 10