PPrroomPmriiossiminngigsing AAggrAroogfforoorrefeosstrtreryys TtTrrryee eeT SrSeppeee ccSiiepessecies iinn IIninndd iIiaandia PP P rr r oo o mm m OO.P..P .C ChhOaat.utPur.v rCveedhdia,i t,A uA.rK.vK.e .Hd Hai,an nAdda.Ka, ,.A AH.R.aR.n .U dUtaht,ha apApp.pRaa,. ,Uthappa, ii i ss s KK.B.B. .S SrKirdi.dhBha.a r,Sr ,Nr iNadarheraesrhs,h KN Kuaumrmeasar,hr ,S KS.Bu.B.m .C aChrha, avSva.anBn .a anCndhd aJ aJvavavened d aR nRidzivz vJi ai ved Rizvi ii i nn n gg g AA A gg g rr r oo o ff f oo o rr r ee e ss s tt t rr r yy y TT T rr r ee e ee e SS S pp p ee e cc c ii i ee e ss s ii i nn n II I nn n dd d ii i aa a CAFRI Mission TThhee mission of the Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI), one of the national institutes under the umbrella of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is: To improve quality of life of rural people through integration of perennials on agriculture landscape for economic, environmental and social benefits. ICAR MMiissssiioonn The mission of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is: To harness the power of science and innovation for food security, food safety, farmer prosperity and enhance the nat- ural resources base to promote inclusive growth and sustainable development. ICRAF The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) is a centre of scientific excellence that harnesses the benefits of trees for people and the environment. Leveraging the world’s largest repository of agroforestry science and information, we develop knowledge practices, from farmers’ fields to the global sphere, to ensure food security and environmental sustainability. ICRAF is the only institution that does globally significant agroforestry research in aanndd for all of the developing tropics. Knowledge produced by ICRAF enables governments, development agencies and farm- ers to utilize the power of trees to make farming and livelihoods more environmentally, socially and economically sustainable at scales. ICRAF is one of the 15 Centers of the CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) Consortium. ICRAF’s headquarters are based in Nairobi, Kenya, with six re- gional and sub-regional offices located across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. CGIAR The CGIAR Consortium integrates and coordinates the re- search of its 15 member-Centers to increase the effectiveness and relevance of their work, and enhance the impact of the re- search by setting common objectives and planning concerted action. CAFRI Mission TThhee mission of the Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI), one of the national institutes under the umbrella of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is: To improve quality of life of rural people through integration of perennials on agriculture landscape for economic, environmental and social benefits. ICAR MMiissssiioonn The mission of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is: To harness the power of science and innovation for food security, food safety, farmer prosperity and enhance the nat- ural resources base to promote inclusive growth and sustainable development. ICRAF The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) is a centre of scientific excellence that harnesses the benefits of trees for people and the environment. Leveraging the world’s largest repository of agroforestry science and information, we develop knowledge practices, from farmers’ fields to the global sphere, to ensure food security and environmental sustainability. ICRAF is the only institution that does globally significant agroforestry research in aanndd for all of the developing tropics. Knowledge produced by ICRAF enables governments, development agencies and farm- ers to utilize the power of trees to make farming and livelihoods more environmentally, socially and economically sustainable at scales. ICRAF is one of the 15 Centers of the CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) Consortium. ICRAF’s headquarters are based in Nairobi, Kenya, with six re- gional and sub-regional offices located across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. CGIAR The CGIAR Consortium integrates and coordinates the re- search of its 15 member-Centers to increase the effectiveness and relevance of their work, and enhance the impact of the re- search by setting common objectives and planning concerted action. PPrroomPmriiossiminngigsing AAggrAroogfforoorrefeosstrtreryys TtTrrryee eeT SrSeppeee ccSiiepessecies iinn IIninndd iIiaandia PP P rr r oo o mm m OO.P..P .C ChhOaat.utPur.v rCveedhdia,i t,A uA.rK.vK.e .Hd Hai,an nAdda.Ka, ,.A AH.R.aR.n .U dUtaht,ha apApp.pRaa,. ,Uthappa, ii i ss s KK.B.B. .S SrKirdi.dhBha.a r,Sr ,Nr iNadarheraesrhs,h KN Kuaumrmeasar,hr ,S KS.Bu.B.m .C aChrha, avSva.anBn .a anCndhd aJ aJvavavened d aR nRidzivz vJi ai ved Rizvi ii i nn n gg g AA A gg g rr r oo o ff f oo o rr r ee e ss s tt t rr r yy y TT T rr r ee e ee e SS S pp p ee e cc c ii i ee e ss s ii i nn n II I nn n dd d ii i aa a Promising Agroforestry Tree Species in India O.P. Chaturvedi, A.K. Handa, A.R. Uthappa, K.B. Sridhar, Naresh Kumar, S.B. Chavan and Javed Rizvi Jointly published by Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI) South Asia Regional Programme of the World Agroforestry Research Centre (ICRAF) Copyright © 2017, CAFRI and ICRAF All rights reserved. CAFRI and ICRAF encourge fair use of the material in this book for non-commercial purposes with proper acknowledgement. Recommended citation: Chaturvedi, O.P., Handa, A.K., Uthappa, A.R., Sridhar, K.B., Kumar, Naresh., Chavan, S.B. and Rizvi, Javed. 2017. Promising Agroforestry Tree Species in India. Jointly published by the Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI), Jhansi, and the South Asia Regional Programme (based in Delhi, India) of the World Agroforestry Centre. About the authors: Dr O.P. Chaturvedi is Director; Dr A.K. Handa is Principal Scientist; A.R. Uthappa and Dr K.B. Sridhar are Scientists; Dr Naresh Kumar is Senior Scientist; and S. B. Chavan is Scientist, at the Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI), Jhansi, U.P., India. Email: [email protected] Dr Javed Rizvi is Director of the South Asia Regional Programme, based in New Delhi, India, of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), based in Nairobi, Kenya. Email: [email protected] Address of publishers: Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI), NH- 75, Rasra, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India. www.cafri.res.in South Asia Regional Programme, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 1st Floor, Block C, National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India. www.worldagroforestry.org The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement of, or discrimination against, any product by CAFRI and ICRAF. The geographic designations used here are not an expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CAFRI and ICRAF concerning the legal delimitations and boundaries of towns and cities. iii Contents Foreword v Preface vii Chapter 1: Acacia mangium 1 Chapter 2: Acacia nilotica 10 Chapter 3: Ailanthus excelsa 20 Chapter 4: Alnus nepalensis 30 Chapter 5: Anthocephalus cadamba 36 Chapter 6: Azadirachta indica 45 Chapter 7: Albizia lebbeck 53 Chapter 8: Bambusa vulgaris 58 Chapter 9: Casuarina equisetifolia 66 Chapter 10: Ceiba pentandra 77 Chapter 11: Dalbergia sissoo 81 Chapter 12: Eucalyptus tereticornis 87 Chapter 13: Grewia optiva 96 Chapter 14: Gmelina arborea 102 Chapter 15: Gliricidia sepium 109 Chapter 16: Hardwickia binata 116 Chapter 17: Jatropha curcas 123 Chapter 18: Leucaena leucocephala 131 Chapter 19: Melia dubia 141 Chapter 20: Pongamia pinnata 149 Chapter 21: Populus deltoides 158 Chapter 22: Prosopis cineraria 169 Chapter 23: Salix alba 176 Chapter 24: Tectona grandis 183 Chapter 25: Terminalia arjuna 190 v Foreword Agroforestry has traditionally been a way of life and livelihood in India for centuries. The role of agroforestry in improving land productivity, soil conservation, bio-amelioration, climate moderation, and increasing farmers’ income is widely acclaimed today. Research and development activities in agroforestry gained momentum in India since 1983 with the launch of the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Agroforestry by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). Generation of knowledge on tree-based farming systems through this AICRP led to the establishment of a National Research Centre on Agroforestry (NRCAF) in 1988 in Jhansi, U.P., which was renamed as Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI) in 2014. These initiatives got a further boost when ICRAF (World Agroforestry Centre) joined India’s agroforestry programme in 2003. Partnership with ICRAF gave India access to international expertise and advanced tools and techniques of research. Recognizing the potential of agroforestry as a pro-poor, multi-benefit land management system, the Government of India launched the National Agroforestry Policy in 2014. The Policy enables institutional arrangements at national level to promote agroforestry under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; simplify regulations related to harvesting, felling and transportation of trees grown on farmlands; ensuring security of land tenure and creating a sound base of land records and data for developing a Market Information System for agroforestry; access to quality planting material; institutional credit and insurance cover to agroforestry practitioners; and increased participation of industries using the agroforestry products. vi With multiple research initiatives underway, a lot of scientific knowledge on different aspects of agroforestry has been generated. This book “Promising Agroforestry Tree Species in India”, jointly produced by ICAR-CAFRI and ICRAF, taking field experiences out of AICRP on Agroforestry to different climatic conditions, is an assemblage of meaningful knowledge in this sector. I hope this publication will be useful for practitioners, planners, forest officials, farmers, and teachers and students of agroforestry. T. Mohapatra Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education & Director General, ICAR, Government of India 9 November 2017 New Delhi