SUBJECT INDEX Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer climatic setting 2 (AVHRR) 358 geostrophic currents 3 Africa coast (NW) see Atlantic Ocean (East) heat gain 6, 10 Aghulas Current heat transport 59-61 baroclinicity 12, 13 sea level pressure 5 bottom effects 15, 16 surface temperature 11 eddies 13-15 wind direction 6,7 flow pattern 11, 12 wind stress 6, 8, 9 velocity 12 Australasian Subantarctic Front Algae in particle flux 82-5 as radiation absorber 267-8, 273-6 Basset history terms 255 Angola Dome 26, 28 Bellingshausen Sea 46 Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) 11 Benguela Current 16-18 volume transport 51-6 Biomass and production 298-9 zonation 42-51 Brazil Current 19, 32-8, 50 Antarctic Convergence 43, 48 Brazil Current Front (BCF) 35 Antarctic Front 45 British Columbia tsunami study Antarctic Polar Front 43 modelling Antarctic Zone (AZ) 42, 44 data set collection 123-6 Assimilation scheme 180-5 deep ocean equations Atlantic Ocean (East) 309 development 126-40 seasonality studies 319-20 numerical scheme 142-8 density 330-4, 345-7, 349 inlet equations salinity 320, 326-9, 340-3, 348 development 141-2 temperature 320, 322-5, 335-9, 349 numerical scheme 151-2 surface circulation shelf equations large scale 310-12, 351 development 141-2 small scale 315-16 numerical scheme 148-51, 168-77 undercurrents 316 summary 164-6 upwelling studies 308 testing chlorophyll concentrations 380-3, 398-400 preliminary 152-7 methods tidal calibration 157-9 AVHRR 358-9 verification 160-4 CZCS 359 propagation 121-3 temperature patterns sources 118-21 autumn 375-7, 389 tide gauge data 130 spring 361, 368-8, 385, 388 summer 370-4, 388-9 winter 360-1, 365-7, 378-9 Canada, Pacific Coast see British Columbia wind effects 359-60 Canary Current 310, 312, 316 autumn 393-5 Cape Basin 17, 18 spring 386 Carbon fixation 284-9 summer 387, 390-2 Chemoreception and turbulence 255-6 winter 362-4, 396-7 Chlorophyll and carbon fixation 284-9, 295-7 water masses 317 Chlorophyll concentrations 380-3, 398-400 winds 312-13 Cloud and photosynthesis 299-300 Atlantic Ocean (South) Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) 359 bathymetry 4 Continental Water Boundary (CWB) 42, 44, 46 circulation Continental Zone (CZ) 42, 44 Aghulas Current 11-16 Cooperative Investigation of the Northern Antarctic Circumpolar Current 42-56 Part of the Eastern Central Atlantic Benguela Current 16-18 (CINECA) 317, 358 Brazil Current 32-8, 50 Copepod feeding strategy Equatorial currents 18-32 application of fluid mechanics 258-9 South Atlantic Current 39-42 flow regimes 248-52 Subject Index forces 244-8 processes motility effects 252-3 available radiation 269-71 turbulence effects 253-8 downwelling irradiance 271-3 quantum yields 276-8 results Density variations, East Atlantic Ocean 330-4, biomass factors 298-9 345-7, 349 carbon fixation 284-9 Diatoms in particle flux 85 chlorophyll maximum layer 295-7 Drake Passage 46, 52-3 cloud effects 299-300 incubation factors 301-2 pheopigment effects 297-8 El Nino 231 primary production 290-4 El Nifo/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 29-32 sensitivity 281-4 Encounter rates 256 tsunamis Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) 21 data set collection 123-6 deep ocean equations development 126-40 Falkland Current 11, 47 numerical scheme 142-8 Fecal pellets in particle flux 91-5, 102-4 inlet equations First GARP Global Experiment (EGGE) 18 development 141-2 Fluid mechanics numerical scheme 151-2 applied to planktonic prey 258-9 shelf equations flow regimes 248-52 development 141-2 forces 244-8 numerical scheme 148-51, 168-77 motility effects 252-3 summary 164-6 turbulence effects 253-8 testing Foraminifera in particle flux 86-90 preliminary 152-7 Francais Océan Climat Atlantique Equatorial tidal calibrations 157-9 (FOCAL) 18 verification 1604 Gabon-Congo Undercurrent 26 Natal pulse 11 General Circulation Model 310 Net carbon fixation 284-9 Global Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) 18 North Brazil Current (NBC) 19 Global Atmospheric Research Program North Brazilian Coastal Current 19 (GARP) 18 North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) 19, Guinea Current 310 310, 312 Guinea Dome 26, 28 North Equatorial Current 310, 312 North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC) 25 Harmattan winds 360 Oceanic Polar Front 43 Optimal interpolation 181-2 International Southern Ocean Studies (ISOS) 42 Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 29 Pacific Coast see British Columbia Pacific Ocean Kalman filtering 181-2 modelling see under variational analysis Kelvin waves 206, 207, 212, 213, 227 see also Particle flux study Particle flux analytical techniques Light utilization index 265 carbon conversions 81-2 microscopy 78-81 composition 76-7 Malvinas Current (Falkland Current) 11, 47 depth effects 104-6 Mathematical modelling see Modelling methods of sampling 77-8 Mechanoreception and turbulence 255-6 results Meinardus Line 43 algae (general) 82-5 Michaelis-Menten—Monod type formulation 277 amorphous matter 95 Modelling diatoms 85 applications see Variational analysis fecal pellets 91-5 photosynthesis foraminifera 86-90 global equations 279 protozoa (general) 85 parameters 280-1 radiolaria 86-90 Subject Index total biomass 91 Subtropical Front 40-1 sources of flux South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC) 25 community productivity 95-7 South Equatorial Current (SEC) 19 fecal contributions 102-4 South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC) 25 living contributors 97-102 Southern Oscillation 29-31, 32 particle aggregates 104 Spectral distributions 271 Pheopigment and production 297-8 Statistical interpolation 181-2 Photosynthetic energy storage 264-5 Steele type formulation 277 modelling Subantarctic Front (SAF) 35, 42, 44, 45, 47, 50 global equations 279 Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) 51 parameters 280-1 Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) 42, 44, 47 processes Subtropical Front (STF) 35, 40-2 available radiation 269-71 downwelling irradiance 271-3 quantum yields 276-8 Temperature variations results East Atlantic Ocean 314, 320, 322-5, 335-9, biomass factors 298-9 349 carbon fixation 284-9 autumn 375-7, 389 chlorophyll maximum layer 295-7 spring 361, 368-9, 385, 388 cloud effects 299-300 summer 370-4, 388-9 incubation factors 301-2 winter 360-1, 365-7, 378-9 pheopigment effects 297-8 Tsunamis (British Columbia coast study) primary production 290-4 modelling sensitivity 281-4 data set collection 123-6 net growth rate equation 265-6 deep ocean equations factors affecting development 126-40 absorption section 267-8 numerical scheme 142-8 depth 267 inlet equations time 267 development 141-2 wavelength 267 numerical scheme 151-2 simplification 268-9 shelf equations Plankton development 141-2 interactions with fluid medium 244-8 numerical scheme 148-51, 168-77 effects of flow regime 248-52 summary 164-6 motility effects 252-3 testing turbulence effects 253-8 preliminary 152-7 Platt type formulation 278 tidal calibration 157-9 Polar Front (PF) 42-6, 48, 50 verification 160-4 Polar Front Zone (PFZ) 42, 44, 45 propagation 121-3 Polynomial interpolation 180-1 sources 118-21 Predator-prey relations tide gauge data 130 application of fluid mechanics 258-9 flow regimes 248-52 forces 244-8 Upwelling, Atlantic Ocean (East) 308, 312-13, motility effects 252-3 350 turbulence effects 253-8 methods of study 358-9 Protozoa in particle flux 85 wind effects 359-60 Radiolaria in particle flux 86-90 Valdivia Bank 17, 18 Reynolds number 245-6, 257 Variational analysis 182 Rossby waves 206, 207, 212, 213, 227 application to Pacific Ocean modelling 234-7 adjoint equations 205-7 data assimilation 210-12 Salinity variations, East Atlantic Ocean 320, constant phase speed 212-20 326-9, 340-3, 348 real sea level data 228-34 Scotia Front 46 variable phase speed 221-7 Seasonal Equatorial Atlantic (SEQUAL) numerical model 202-4 program 18 sea surface elevation 207-10 Seismic sea waves see Tsunamis wind forcing 207 Shumagin Gap 121, 164, 165 descent methods 191-2 South Atlantic Current conjugate gradient 192-5 circulation 39 Newton’s methods 195-7 geostrophic flow 41-2 step length computation 197-9 viii Subject Index formalism Weddell Front 46 computation 190-1 Weddell Sea 46 cost function 188-9 Weddell-Scotia Confluence 46 method 185-8 Wind patterns solution procedure 189-90 East Atlantic Ocean 359-60 parameter estimation 199-202 autumn 393-5 spring 386 summer 387, 390-2 Webb type formulation 278 winter 362-4