SUBJECT INDEX Abducens motoneurons 118 Anaglesia, stimulation of periaqueductal gray 577 4-Acetamide-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic Anticholinesterase myopathy 542, 550 acid, salt responses of frog taste cells 247 Anxiety, periaqueductal gray 575, 584, 587-589 N-Acetylaspartate Aplysia, development and regeneration of nervous biochemistry 532 system 295 distribution 531 Apoptosis, S-100 77 pathophysiology 534 Arachidonic acid physiology 533 actions of 616 Acetylcholine, taste transduction 391 ischaemia 620 Acetylcholinesterase, anticholinesterase metabolism 613 myopathy 542, 550 origins 608 3-Acetylpyridine, effect on brainstem and spinal pathological conditions in brain 623 neurons 123 release 610 Acid signal transduction, frog taste cells 248-256 effect of clostridial neurotoxins 92 Adaption, neural remodeling 298 role in K+ channel gating by baclofen 435 Adenosine-3’ ,5'-monophosphate, effect on K+ toxic actions 624 currents in frog taste cells 282 tropic actions 626 Adhesion factors, cultured neurons 319 Ascending spinal pathways, labyrinthine Adjuvant arthritis, chronic pain model 515 lesions 117, 122 Adrenal chromaffin cells, transplantation into CNS, Aspartate N-acetyltransferase, in brain 532 effect on chronic pain 509 AtT-20 cells, therapy of chronic pain 524 allografts 513, 524 Auditory cortex, voltage-sensitive dyes and optical cell encapsulation 523, 526 recording 493 xenografts 517, 526 Auditory inputs to amygdala 404, 405 Adrenal medulla, secretogranin II in 55, 63 Autocoids, regulation of secretogranin II Adrenergic innervation, bladder 217, 224 biosynthesis 64 Adrenergic receptors, bladder 217, 223, 224 Autonomic regulation, periaqueductal gray 589 Aging Autonomic synapses 342 ; arachidonic acid in brain 624 Autoreceptors, GABAergic terminals 426, 427 neural regeneration 296 Aversion, periaqueductal gray 584 AIDS, S-100 78 Axon regrowth 302 AIDS-DC, N-acetylaspartate in brain 535 early repair mechanisms 302 Allografts, therapy of chronic pain 513, 524 growth of injured neurons 306 Alzheimer’s disease restoration of connectivity 310 N-acetylaspartate in brain 535 Axons, voltage-sensitive dyes and optical arachidonic acid and metabolites in brain 623 recording 496 calbindin in brain 171 Axoplasmic transport, colchicine myopathy 544, cholinergic neurons 155, 156 550 S-100 74, 78 somatostatin receptors 166 B16 melanoma cells, therapy of chronic pain 524 Amino acids, primate basal ganglion 156 Baclofen Aminoacylase II 532 activated K* current 432 in neurodegenerative disorders 534 biophysical properties 436 a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic relationship with Joagap 438 acid receptors effect on calcium currents 430 basal ganglion 165 effect on DR-VR reflex in isolated spinal vestibular neurons 114 cord 34-39 D-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, effect on effects on GABA receptors 443 isolated spinal cord 17, 19 induced hyperpolarization through GABA, 3-Aminopropylphosphinic acid 444 receptors 431 Aminostyryl pyridinium dyes 465, 468 induced post-synaptic responses in comparison Amygdala 401 with GABA 438 behavioural paradigms 403 effecton IPSPs 427 emotional learning and memory storage 413 effect on transmitter release 425 functional relations with hypothalamus 412 Bacterial AB toxins 83 sensory inputs Balance, labyrinthine lesions 103 auditory 404 Barium ions, effect on /p,. 437 multimodal 412 Basal forebrain, cholinergic system 155 olfactory 412 Basal ganglia, primate 131-197 oral 410 amino acids 156 somatosensory 407 anatomy 132 visual 410 cholinergic systems 155 Anaesthesia, urine storage 222 disease states 179 Anaesthetics, action on isolated spinal cord dopaminergic systems 140 preparation 8 neuroactive peptides 165 Viii SUBJECT INDEX proteins 166 Calcium currents serotoninergic systems 147 GABAsg receptor mediated reduction 430 Bechterew symptom 103, 125 taste cells 275 Behaviour Canavan’s disease, N-acetylaspartate in CNS 534 amygdala 401, 403 Cancer, cellular transplantation in treatment of changes after labyrinthine lesions 98-110, 124 chronic pain 524 S-100 78 Carbachol, effect on /,,. 435, 441 Bicuculline, effect on DR-VR reflex in isolated Cardiovascular regulation, periaqueductal spinal cord 34-39 gray 589 Bitter signal transduction, frog taste cells 256-262 Catecholamines, frog taste disc 388 Bladder Cell adhesion molecules anaesthesia 222 cell communications 567 compliance 219, 221, 227 neural regeneration 319 contractility 220 synaptogenesis 322 cystometry 218, 232 Cell encapsulation, therapy of chronic pain 523, filling rate 220, 227 526 innervation 217, 227 Cell transplantation, therapy of chronic mechanoreceptors 227 pain 507-529 myogenic control 224 Cellubrevin, effect of clostridial neurotoxins 91 nerve stimulation, section and pharmacological Cerebellar deficits 200 blockade 223 Cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway, role in skilled neural control 224 movement 199-213 neural detensioner 230 Cerebellum parasympathetic system 229 movement 200, 208 phasic contractile activity 226 reflex gain and stability 202 structure 216 voltage-sensitive dyes and optical imaging 476 sympathetic system 229 Cerebral ganglion bud formation 313 Blood, secretogranin II in 60 Cesium ion, sensitivity of Jp,. 436, 442 Blood pressure, periaqueductal gray 589 c-fos, expression in isolated spinal cord 12 Body fluids, secretogranin II in 60 CGP 35348 445, 446, 449 Botulinum myopathy 547 CGP 55845A 446, 449 Botulinum neurotoxin Charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging 470, 473, binding to membrane receptors 85 477 biochemical properties 84 Chemoreception, gustatory 240, 352, 385, 392 clinical manifestation 85 Chemosensory cells, frog taste disc 386, 388 exocytosis 84, 89, 90 a-Chloralose, action on isolated spinal cord 9 internalisation and sorting 86 Chloride intracellular processing 90 permeability of taste receptive membrane 246 specialisation 91 post-synaptic inhibition 424, 426, 428, 448 Brachial spinal neurons, labyrinthine lesions 120 role in quinine-induced receptor potential in taste Brain, isolated preparation 5 cells 261 Brainstem effect on taste cell response to water 271 cholinergic system 156 Chloroquine myopathy 546, 551 voltage-sensitive dyes and optical recording 495 Cholecystokinin, periaqueductal gray and Brainstem-spinal cord preparation 39 anxiety 589 Cholinergic fibres, frog taste disc 391 Cholinergic innervation, bladder 217 Calbindin Cholinergic pathways, brainstem, labyrinthine Alzheimer’s disease 171 lesions 115 Parkinson’s disease 181 Cholinergic system, primate basal ganglia 155 primate basal ganglia 166 Chorionic gonadotropin fibres, frog taste disc 391 Calcium Chromaffin cells, transplantation into CNS, effect arachidonic acid effects on mobilization 619 on chronic pain 509 dependent K* current in frog taste cells 277, allografts 513, 524 281 cell encapsulation 523, 526 effect on growth cones 321 xenografts 517, 526 ‘ effect on Ipac 435, 438 Chromogranins 50 effect on membrane potential in frog taste Chronic constriction nerve injury 516 cells 242 Ciliated cells, frog taste disc 360 phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid Closttidial neurotoxins release 611 biochemical properties 84 role in taste 387 exocytotic machinery 90 S-100 interaction 74, 75 kinetic characteristics 85 secretogranin II binding 66 specialization 91 effect on secretogranin II biosynthesis 64 Colchicine myopathy 543, 550 synaptic potentials 345 Conditioned associative learning, Calcium-binding proteins, primate basal amygdala 401-422 ganglia 166 Corticotropin releasing factor, periaqueductal Calcium channels, acid response in taste cells 252 gray and lordosis 596 SUBJECT INDEX ix CSF Extracellular matrix, mediated trophism 566 N-acetylaspartate in 532 Eye, labyrinthine lesions 101, 104, 109 secretogranin II in 60 Cyanine dyes 464 Fatty acids, uptake and utilization in brain 608 Cyclooxygenase, arachidonic acid Fear, periaqueductal gray 575, 584, 587-589 metabolism 613-615 Fibronectin, growth of cultured neurons 319 _ Cystometry 218 Frog Cytochrone P450, arachidonic acid gustatory transductions in taste cells 239-287 metabolism 613, 615, 616 taste disc 351-399 Cytoskeletal proteins, S-100 interaction 74 vestibular compensation 97-129 Fungiform papilla innervation 391 Defensive behaviour, periaqueductal gray 584, 587 taste discs 356, 362, 364 Dendrites, GABAg receptors in 432 Fusion-pore, synaptic vesicles 346 Detensioner reflex, urine storage 230 Development N-acetylaspartate in brain 533 GABA arachidonic acid effect on neurons 626 induced post-synaptic responses, comparison with brainstem, optical recordings 495 baclofen 438 gastropod nervous system, relevance to periaqueductal gray regeneration 292 aversion and anxiety 588 isolated spinal cord preparation 4, 7 lordosis 596 secretogranin II 61 pain 581 trophic units in CNS 568 vocalisation 594 Di-4-ANEPPS 467, 472 primate basal ganglia 156 N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, effect on acid role in reflex activity in isolated spinal cord 34 response in frog taste cells 253 GABA, receptors 424, 425, 428, 429 Dopamine receptors GABAsg receptors 424 arachidonic acid release 611 agonists and antagonists 425, 443 striatal neurons 143 G-protein coupling 432, 447 Dopaminergic systems, primate basal ganglia 140 physiological role 452 globus pallidus 144 post-synaptic 431 . Parkinson’s disease 179 hyperpolarization induced by baclofen 431 striatum 145 mediated inhibition 448 subthalamic nucleus 143 pre-synaptic 425 Dorsal horn, strychnine-sensitive inhibition in baclofen and transmitter release 425 isolated spinal cord 24-28 experimental approaches 427 Dorsal root-evoked ventral root potentials 120 GABAergic terminals 426 Dorsal root reflex, isolated spinal cord 10-16 reduction of Ca?*+ currents and transmitter Dorsal roots, spontaneous activity in isolated spinal release 430 cord 18 subtypes 446 Dorsal root—ventral root reflex, isolated spinal GABAergic terminals, GABAg receptors 426 cord, inhibition 28 Ganglia effect of bicuculline and baclofen 34-39 development, gastropod 292 effect of strychnine 31, 33 repair following injury 313 effect of tubocurarine 30, 32 transplantation 300 Down’s syndrome, S-100 78 voltage-sensitive dyes and optical recording 497 Dynamic reflexes, labyrinthine lesions 102, 104 Gangliosides, clostridial neurotoxin binding 85 Dynorphin, primate basal ganglion 165 GAP-43 effect of arachidonic acid on Eicosanoids, formation in brain 615 phosphorylation 616 ischaemia 622 response to labyrinthine lesions 124 Electrochromism 468 Gastrointestinal tract, secretogranin II in 53, 57 Emitine myopathy 549, 554 Gastropods Emotional behaviour, amygdala 401, 413 axon regrowth and target reinnervation 302 Endplate potentials, Gaussian distributions 332 design of nervous system 291 Enkephalin in vitro models of neural regeneration 317 inhibition of periaqueductal gray neurons 580 neural remodeling, adaptive responses to effect on isolated spinal cord-tail preparation 40 stress 298 primate basal ganglia 165 neurogenesis and ganglion development 292 Epilepsy, N-acetylaspartate in brain 536 repair following ganglion injury 313 Epoxygenases, arachidonic acid metabolism 613, Gaussian distributions of synaptic 615, 616 potentials 331-350 Estrogens, regulation of secretogranin II endplate potentials 332 biosynthesis 64 junction potentials at single varicosities 339 N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor 91 physical basis 341 Excitatory amino acids, in primate basal synaptic potentials 337 ganglia 158 Glial cells Exocytosis, clostridial neurotoxins 84, 89, 90 arachidonic acid release 613 JPN 46 Index-B x SUBJECT INDEX effect of arachidonic acid on glutamate periaqueductal gray uptake 619 fear 587 intercellular communication 564 pain 582 mediated trophism 565 primate basal ganglia 147 plasticity of trophic unit 568 ascending pathways 148 voltage-sensitive dyes and optical recording 496 function 154 Glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 binding 74, 78 globus pallidus 153 Glioma cells C6, S-100 in 76, 77 striatum 153 Globus pallidus 135 substantia nigra 150 calcium-binding proteins 167 subthalamic nucleus 150 dopaminergic system 144 tentacle regeneration 299, 313 GABA 157 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors, primate basal 5-HT system 153 ganglia 147, 150, 153, 154 limbic system-associated membrane protein 172 Hyperpolarisation, induced by baclofen through neuroactive peptides 165 GABAsg receptors 431 Glossypharangeal nerve, frog taste disc 391 Hypothalamus—amygdala interactions 412 Glutamate amygdala 414 Inflammation, chronic pain models 515 effect of arachidonic acid on release 617 Information processing, voltage-sensitive dyes and neurotoxicity optical recording 464 N-acetylaspartate in brain 535 Insulin-like substances, growth promotion in role of arachidonic acid 624 cultured ganglia 319 periaqueductal gray and pain 581 Integrins 567 primate basal ganglia 158 Intercellular communication, trophic units 564 synaptic vesicle 344 Interleukin-l, glial cell-mediated trophism 566 Glutamate receptors Intestine, secretogranin II in 57 arachidonic acid release 611 Intrinsic optical signals 475 periaqueductal gray 581, 594 Invertebrates, voltage-sensitive dyes and optical primate basal ganglia 165 recordings 497 vestibular neurons 114 Ion channels Goblet cells, frog taste disc 360, 385 frog taste cell membranes 273-284 Goldman—Hodgkin-—Katz equation 242, 248, 255 modulation by arachidonic acid 617 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, periaqueductal IPSPs, GABA, 448 gray and lordosis 595 Ischaemia, arachidonic acid and metabolites 620 G-protein, GABAg receptor coupling 432, 446 Growth cones Kinematics, cerebello-thalamo-cortical arachidonic acid 626 pathway 205 gastropod neurons 320 Kliver—Bucy Syndrome 415 Guanosine-3’ ,5’-monophosphate, effect on secretogranin II biosynthesis 65 Labyrinthine lesions Gustatory organ, frog taste disc 351-399 behavioural changes 98-110 Gustatory transduction, frog taste cells 240 neural changes 110-124 acid 248 relations between neural and behavioural bitter 256 changes 124 ion channels 273 Laminin, growth of neurons in culture 319 salt 244 Learning sweet 263 amygdala 413 water 267 neural repair 298 Lectins, neural regeneration 319 Leukotrienes, production in brain 615 Halothane, action in isolated spinal cord 8 ischaemia 622 Head movement 101, 103, 107 Limbic system-associated membrane protein, Hippocampus, voltage-sensitive dyes and optical primate basal ganglion 171 recording 494 Lipoxygenase, arachidonic acid metabolism 613, Histamine, regulation of secretogranin II 615, 616 biosynthesis 64 Locomotion . HIV infection isolated spinal cord plus hind limbs 41 N-acetylaspartate in brain 535 vestibular reflexes 98, 124 effect of arachidonic acid and metabolites 623 Long-term potentiation Huntington's disease amygdala 414 N-acetylaspartate in brain 535 arachidonic acid 620 basal ganglia 182 Lordosis, periaqueductal gray 594 calbindin 171 gene 187 Magnesium, nerve activity in isolated spinal y-Hydroxybutyrate, binding to GABA cord 16, 18 receptors 443 Membranes, S-100 interaction 74 5-Hydroxytryptamine Memory axon regeneration 306 amygdala 413, 415 frog taste disc basal cells 390 neural repair 298 SUBJECT INDEX ° xi Merocyanine—oxazolone dyes 465 Neurons Merocyanine-rhodamine dyes 465 toxic effects of arachidonic acid 624 Mesostriatal pathway, dopaminergic system 143 voltage-sensitive dyes and optical recording 498 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors Neuron transplantation 301 basal ganglia 165 Neuropathic pain periaqueductal gray and pain 581 models 516 role of arachidonic acid in excitotoxicity 624 spinal neuroplastic alterations 517 role in persistent pain 517 Neuropeptide Y vestibular neurons 114, 116 neural regeneration 300 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 179 primate basal ganglia 165 Microglia, plasticity 567 Neurotensin Microtubules, S-100 interaction 74 periaqueductal gray and analgesia 581 Mitochondria primate basal ganglia 165 brain, effect of archidonic acid 621 Neurotransmitters skeletal muscle, effect of mytoxins 553 as neurotrophic agents 319 MK-801, labyrinthine lesions 116 responses of growth cones 321 Monkey, chemical anatomy of basal Neurotrophic factors 318 ganglia 131-197 cultured ganglia 319 Monoamine-containing cells, frog taste disc 390 Nitric oxide, role in persistent pain 517 Monoamines, periaqueductal gray and pain 582 NK 2367 467, 472, 481, 488, 496, 497 Morphine NK 2761 495 effect on isolated spinal cord-tail preparation 40 Nociception, isolated spinal cord-tail tolerance 513 preparation 40 Movement, cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway 199-213 Ocular dominance, voltage-sensitive dyes and Movement disorders 182 optical recording 488 Muco-ciliary clearance 387 Olfactory inputs to amygdala 409, 412 Mucous cell, frog taste disc 358, 361, 363, 366, Olfactory neurons, replacement 297 367, 369, 386 Olfactory system, voltage-sensitive dyes and optical Mutliple sclerosis, N-acetylaspartate in brain 535 recording 490 Muscle, skeletal, effect of myotoxins 541-560 Opiates, periaqueductal gray-mediated pain Myelination, N-acetylaspartate 533, 534 inhibition 579 . Myogenic control of urine storage 224 Opioid peptides Myotoxins, effect on skeletal muscle fibres neural regeneration 300 anticholinesterase 542 primate basal ganglia 165 botulinum 547 Optical recording, voltage-sensitive dyes 463-506 choloroquine 546 CNS studies 476 colchicine 543 technology 464 emetine 549 Optic tectum, voltage-sensitive dyes and optical reserpine 548 recording 487 tetanus 547 Oral sensory inputs to amygdala 410 vincristine 544 Orientation maps, voltage-sensitive dyes and optical recording 488 Nernstian dyes 464 Ouabain, membrane potential in frog taste Nerve growth factor disc 242 arachidonic acid interaction 626 Oxonol dyes 465, 473, 485 cultured ganglia 319 Oxygen radicals, arachidonic acid metabolism in Nerve transection, chronic pain model 517 brain 622 Neural plasticity 298 relations to functional recovery after labyrinthine Pain lesions 97-129 cellular transplantation 507-529 Neural regeneration, gastropod molluscs 289-330 allografts 513, 524 adaptive responses to stress 298 cell encapsulation 523, 526 axon growth and target reinnervation 302 clinical studies 524 design of nervous system 291 engineered cell lines 524 in vitro models 317 sources of grafts 510 repair following ganglion injury 313 xenografts 517 Neural sheath, neural regeneration 309 chronic, models 515 Neuritogenesis, arachidonic acid 626 periaqueductal gray 575-584 Neuroactive peptides, primate basal ganglia 165 spinal neuroplastic alterations 517 Parkinson’s disease 181 Pancreas, secretogranin Il in 56 Neuroblasts 297 Paraoxon, myopathy 542, 550 Neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson’s disease N-acetylaspartate 534 basal ganglia 179 Neuro-epithelial systems, frog taste disc 385, 393 calbindin 171, 181 Neurogenesis, gastropod 292-297, 317 cerebellar thalamic lesions 200 Neuromuscular junctions, quantal cholinergic neurons 156 transmission 332 glutamate 158, 165 Neuron-glial cell communication 564 Parvalbumin, primate basal ganglia 166 xii SUBJECT INDEX Pedal ganglion repair 317 Saccadic system, labyrinthine lesions 107 Pentobarbitone, action on isolated spinal cord 9 Saclofen 445, 447 Peptidergic innervation, frog taste disc 391 Salt signal transduction, frog taste cells 244-248 Periaqueductal gray 575 Sarin myopathy 542 integrative function 597 Schizophrenia, N-acetylaspartate in brain 536 pain processing and modulation 576 Secretogranin II processing of fear and anxiety 584 biosynthesis 61 role in autonomic regulation 589 regulation 63 role in lordosis 594 function 65 role in production of sound 592 genomic organisation 53 Perireceptor events 393 isolation 50 Phaclofen, effect on GABA receptors 445, 447 ontogeny 61 Phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid liberation 610 phylogeny 60 ischaemic brain 621 primary amino acid sequence and Phospholipids, arachidonic acid incorporation and physico-chemical properties 50 release 609 secretion from cells 60 Photodiode arrays 469 subcellular localisation 54, 59 Pituitary, secretogranin II in 50, 55, 56 tissue distribution 53-58 Plasticity Secretoneurin 50, 65 neural regeneration 298 Seizures trophic unit 567 N-acetylaspartate in brain 536 Posture, labyrinthine lesions 101, 107, 124 arachidonic acid in brain 623 Potassium Sensory inputs to amygdala 403-412 baclofen-induced conductance 425, 428 Sensory neurons, replacement 297 membrane potential in frog taste cells 240 Serotoninergic systems post-synaptic inhibition 424, 431, 449 frog taste disc 390 Potassium channels, post-synaptic GABAg receptor primate basal ganglia 147 coupled 431 ascending pathways 148 Potassium current, frog taste cells 275-284 globus pallidus 153 Primates, chemical anatomy of basal striatum 153 ganglia 131-197 substantia nigra 150 Proglumide 589 subthalamic nucleus 150 Prostaglandins Sexual behaviour, periaqueductal gray 594 production in brain 614 Skeletal muscle fibres, effect of ischaemia 622 myotoxins 541-560 role in seizures 623 SNAPs 91 Protein kinase A, secretogranin II biosynthesis 65 SNAREs, effect of clostridial neurotoxins 91 Protein kinase C Sodium regulation by arachidonic acid 616 effect on membrane potential in frog taste secretogranin II biosynthesis 65 disc 241 Protein phosphorylation, effects of S-100 74 permeability of taste receptive membrane 246 Proteins, primate basal ganglia 166 Sodium current, frog taste cells 274, 275 calcium-binding proteins 166 Soman, myopathy 542 limbic system-associated membrane protein 171 Somatosensory cortex, voltage-sensitive dyes and Proteoglycans, trophism 566 optical recording 493 Psychiatric disorders, N-acetylaspartate in Somatosensory inputs to amygdala 407 brain 536 Somatostatin, primate basal ganglion 165 Purkinje cells, response to labyrinthine Spatial-temporal activity, voltage-sensitive dyes and lesions 117, 123 optical recording 464, 473, 485, 494 Spinal cord—brainstem-—respiratory system, isolated 39 Quantal transmission 332 Spinal cord, isolated Quinine, response in frog taste cells 256 action of and recovery from anesthetics 8 effect of bicuculline and baclofen on DR-VR reflex 34-39 Reflex gain and stability, cerebellar control 202 computer controlled placing of electrodes 42 Reflexes dorsal root reflex 10-16 labyrinthine lesions 101 effect of magnesium ions on APV_ 16 locomotion 98 method of preparation 5, 6 Renshaw cell, tubocurarine and strychnine block neonatal preparation 4 inhibition in isolated spinal cord 28 optical disc stereotaxic map 42 Reproductive system, repair 298 spontaneous activity 17-24 Reserpine myopathy 548 stimulation and recording 8 RH 155 472, 485, 491 strychnine-sensitive inhibition in dorsal RH 414 466, 472, 485, 487, 491, 493, 494, 496 horn 24-28 RH 421 466, 472, 496 synaptic blockade by cations 8 RH 482 466, 485 temperature and perfusion rates 8 RH 795 466, 472, 485, 486, 488, 492-494 tubocurarine and strychnine block Renshaw cell Rhodamine dyes 464 inhibition 28-34 SUBJECT INDEX xiii Spinal cord plus hind limbs, fictive locomotion 41 Synapses Spinal cord slices adaptive responses to stress 298 pharmacology and physiology of neurons 3, 4 repair 290 preparation 2 Synaptic plasticity, labyrinthine lesions 123 Spinal cord-tail, isolated, nocoception 40 Synaptic potentials, Gaussian Spinal neurons, response to labyrinthine distributions 331-350 lesions 120, 123, 125 Synaptic transmission, arachidonic acid 619 S-100 protein family 71 Synaptobrevin, effect of clostridial neurotoxins 91 action on cell free extracts 73 Synaptogenesis 123, 322 in cell cultures 76 Synaptotagmin 91 gene 73 Syndromic response 565 in vivo studies 78 Syntaxin, effect of clostridial neurotoxins 91 protein structure and physico-chemical properties 72 Taste, amygdala 410 Sprouting 298 Taste buds 352 stimulating factors 318 Taste cells, frog Sprouting factors 319 acid signal transduction 248 Stereotaxic map, isolated brain and spinal bitter signal transduction 256 cords 42 ion channels 273 Stimulus-produced analgesia 577, 578 resting potential 240 Stimulus-reinforced association, amygdala 402 salt signal transduction 244 Stomach, secretogranin II in 57 sweet signal transduction 263 Stress, neural remodeling 298 water signal transduction 267 Striatum Taste disc, frog 351-399 basal ganglia connections 132 cell systems 353, 385 calcium-binding proteins 167 chemosensory systems 388 cholinergic system 155 historical review 354 dopaminergic system 145 innervation 361, 385, 391 glutamate 158 localisation and organisation 356 5-HT system 153 sterotoninergic system 390 Huntington’s disease 182 ultrastructural cytology 358-385 | limbic system-associated membrane protein 171 Tentacle regeneration 299, 303, 313 neuroactive peptides 165 Tetanus toxin Parkinson’s disease 181 binding to membrane receptors 85 Striosomes 135, 153, 172 biochemical properties 84 Stroke, N-acetylaspartate in brain 534 clinical manifestation 85 Strychnine exocytosis 84, 89, 98 effect on DR-VR reflex in isolated spinal internalisation and sorting 86 cord 31, 33 intracellular processing 90 sensitive inhibition in dorsal horn of isolated myopathy 547, 552 spinal cord 24-28 specialisation 91 Styryl dyes 465, 468, 473, 485, 487 Tetramethylrhodamine methyl and ethyl Substance P esters 465 innervation of frog taste disc 391 Tetrodotoxin, effect on membrane potential in frog effect on isolated spinal cord-tail preparation 40 taste cells 242 periaqueductal gray Thalamic deficits 200 analgesia 581 Thalamus 136 lordosis 595 dopaminergic system 143 primate basal ganglion 165 Tolerance, adrenal medullary allografts 513 Substantia nigra 135 Tongue, frog taste disc 351-399 calcium-binding proteins 166 Transglutaminase, effect of clostridial GABA 157 neurotoxins 92 glutamate 158 Transplants, therapy for chronic pain 507-529 5-HT system 150 Trophic factors, regulation of secretogranin II limbic system-associated membrane protein 171 siosynthesis 64 Parkinson’s disease 179 Throphic units 561 Subthalamic nucleus 136 definition 562 calcium-binding proteins 166 extracellular matrix 566 dopaminergic system 143 features 563 glutamate 158 glial cells 565 5-HT system 150 plasticity 567 Sudden infant death syndrome, N-acetylaspartate in relevance for development 568 brain 534 Trophism 562 Sugar, response in frog taste cells 263 arachidonic acid 626 Supporting cells, frog taste disc 385 extracellular matrix mediated 566 Surfactant, frog taste disc 386 glial cell mediated 565 Sustentacular cell, frog taste disc 358, 372, 375, Tubocurarine, effect on DR-VR reflex in isolated 385-387 spinal cords 30, 32 Sweet signal transduction, frog taste cells 263-267 Tumours, secretogranin II in 54, 59 xiv SUBJECT INDEX Urethane, action on isolated spinal cord 9 Voltage-sensitive dyes 463-506 Urine storage absorbance and fluorescence optical signals 468 anaesthesia 222 auditory cortex 493 bladder compliance 219, 221 axons, neurites and glial cells 496 bladder innervation 217, 227 brainstem 495 bladder structure 216 cerebellar cortex 476 bladder wall mechanoreceptors 227 dyes in common use 472 cystometry 218, 220, 232 fast 465 myogenic control 224 hippocampus 494 nerve stimulation, nerve section and human imaging 497 pharmacological blockade 223 intrinsic optical signals 475 neural control 224 invertebrates 497 bladder afferents 227 olfactory systems 490 parasympathetic system 229 optical recording methods 469 sympathetic system 229 optics and illumination 471 neural detensioner 230 slow 464 phasic contractile activity 226 somatosensory cortex 493 spatial resolution 473 Vestibular afferents, labyrinthine lesions 110, 122 visual system 487 Vestibular—collic reflex 102 Volume transmission 564 Vestibular compensation 97-129 Vestibular neurons, labyrinthine lesions 111, 122 Water signal transduction, frog taste cells 267-273 Vestibular nuclear complex 110 Wing cell, frog taste disc 358, 363, 366, 368-371, Video imaging, voltage-sensitive dyes 470, 473 386 Vincristine myopathy 544, 550 Wiring transmission 564 Viral infections, effect of arachidonic acid and WW 375 467, 472, 496 metabolites 623 WwW 401 494 Visual inputs to amygdala 409, 410 Visual system, voltage-sensitive dyes and optical Xenografts, therapy of chronic pain 517, 526 recording 487 Vocalisation Zinc chronic pain 515 binding to clostridial neurotoxins 85 periaqueductal gray 575, 592 effect on Ipac 437, 442 LIST OF PREVIOUS REVIEW ARTICLES VOLUME 30 D. R. NASSEL Serotonin and serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the nervous system of insects R. W. Dykes, P. LANDRY, Specificity of connections in the ventroposterior nuclei of T. P. Hicks, P. DIADORI and the thalamus R. METHERATE J. C. VENTER, U. Di Porzio, Evolution of neurotransmitter receptor systems D. A. ROBINSON, S. M. SHREEVE, J. Lat, A. R. KERLAVAGE, S. P. FRACEK Jr, K.-U. LENTES and C. M. FRASER B. Gorpbon, E. E. ALLEN and The role of norepinephrine in plasticity of visual cortex P. Q. TROMBLEY C. BELL Dopamine release from sympathetic nerve terminals M. ANNIKO, L.-E. THORNELL and Recent advances in inner ear cytochemistry— R. WROBLEWSKI microanalytical and immunomorphological investigations K. T. WANN and A. G. MACDONALD Actions and interactions of high pressure and general anaesthetics A. J. McComas, G. PRESTWICK and The sick motoneurone hypothesis of muscular dystrophy S. GARNER T. W. STONE and N. R. BURTON NMDA receptors and ligands in the vertebrate CNS E. HANSSON Astroglia from defined brain regions as studied with primary cultures H. SHINOZAKI Pharmacology of the glutamate receptor D. G. STUART, T. M. HAMM and Partitioning of monosynaptic Ia EPSP connections with S. VANDEN NOVEN motoneurons according to neuromuscular topography: Generality and functional implications : C. D. McCaiIGc Nerve guidance: A role for bio-electric fields? L. B. HOUGH Cellular localization and possible functions for brain histamine: Recent progress D. N. Cooper and C. HALL Down’s syndrome and the molecular biology of chromosome 21 VOLUME 31 K. H. Reip, H. L. EDMONDs Jr, Pitfalls in the use of brain slices A. SCHURR, M. T. TSENG and C. A. WEST N. A. SHAW The auditory evoked potential in the rat—a review W. LASKEY and C. POLOSA Characteristics of the sympathetic preganglionic neuron and its synaptic input M. DRAGUNOW Purinergic mechanisms in epilepsy Y. LAMOUR and J. EPELBAUM Interactions between cholinergic and peptidergic systems in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus T. NOGUCHI Brain development in dwarf mice D. G. JONES Influence of ethanol on neuronal and synaptic maturation in the central nervous system—morphological investigations J. P. FRAHER, G. F. KAAR, Development of vertical spinal motoneurone fibres: A D. C. BRISTOL and J. P. ROSSITER correlative study of the growth and maturation of central and peripheral segments of large and small fibre classes J. B. ULMER The phosphorylation of myelin proteins A. SIEGEL and C. B. Pott Neural substrates of aggression and flight in the cat H. SPITZER and S. HOCHSTEIN Complex-cell receptive field models Z. RAKONCZAY Cholinesterase and its molecular forms in pathological states J. M. Provis and P. L. PENFOLD Cell death and the elimination of retinal axons during development P. PoLc Electrophysiology of benzodiazepine receptor ligands: Multiple mechanisms and sites of action C. R. GARDNER Functional in vivo correlates of the benzodiazepine agonist-inverse agonist continuum G. BERNROIDER Cell-patterning during sexual neurogenesis J. WICKENS Electrically coupled but chemically isolated synapses: Dendritic spines and calcium in a rule for synaptic modification XV xvi List OF PREVIOUS REVIEW ARTICLES VOLUME 32 H. PARNAS and L. A. SEGEL Facilitation as a tool to study the entry of calcium and the mechanism of neurotransmitter release T. L. TOROK Neurochemical transmission and the sodium-pump A. SHOSAKU, Y. KAYAMA, Analysis of recurrent inhibitory circuit in rat thalamus: I. SUMITOMO, M. SOGITANI and Neurophysiology of the thalamic reticular nucleus K. IWAMA S. KOBAYASHI Temperature-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus: A new hypothesis that they act as thermostats, not as transducers M. A. HOFMAN On the evolution and geometry of the brain in mammals . Merri, Z. BAUM and Dynamic changes in sodium channels at demyelinated . ROSENTHAL axons . WINKLBAUER Development of the lateral line system in Xenopus . L. FInvay and S. L. PALLAS Control of cell number in the developing mammalian visual system . Kocs and I. OQ. WHISHAW Plasticity in the neocortex: Mechanisms underlying recovery from early brain damage . MATTHIES In search of cellular mechanisms of memory . L. BORISON Area postrema: Chemoreceptor circumventricular organ of the medulla oblongata >TSBF A t. X K<IXDTM AN Neurochemical and cognitive aspects of anxiety disorders W. R. KLEMM Drug effects on active immobility responses: What they tell us about neurotransmitter systems and motor functions J.-P. TOUTANT Insect acetylcholinesterase: Catalytic properties, tissue distribution and molecular forms B. H. CHo!l The effects of methylmercury on the developing brain R. J. HUXTABLE Taurine in the central nervous system and the mammalian actions of taurine VOLUME 33 M. YEADON and I. KITCHEN Opioids and respiration R. MILLER Schizophrenia as a progressive disorder: Relations to EEG, CT, neuropathological and other evidence F. L. STRAND, K. J. ROSE, ACTH modulation of nerve development and regeneration J. A. Kina, A. C. SEGARRA and L. A. ZUCCARELLI R. D. Fie_ps, J. M. LE BEAu, Nerve regeneration through artificial tubular implants F. M. LONGO and M. H. ELLISMAN A. NIUJIMA Nervous regulation of metabolism G. B. STEFANO Role of opioid neuropeptides in immunoregulation M. P. Witter, H. J. GROENEWEGEN, Functional organization of the extrinsic and intrinsic F. H. Lopes DA SILVA and circuitry of the parahippocampal region A. H. M. LOHMAN R. H. EVANS The pharmacology of segmental transmission in the spinal cord A. PROCHAZKA Sensorimotor gain control: A basic strategy of motor systems? W. WALZ Role of glial cells in the regulation of the brain ion microenvironment A. ISHIDA- YAMAMOTO and Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the nervous tissue M. TOHYAMA T. S. LORIG Human EEG and odor response N. BEN-JONATHAN, L. A. ARBOGAST and J. F. HYDE Neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin release VOLUME 34 C. IpE, T. OSAWA and K. TOHYAMA Nerve regeneration through allogeneic nerve grafts, with special reference to the role of the Schwann cell basal lamina J. K. S. JANSEN and T. FLADBY The perinatal reorganization of the innervation of skeletal muscle in mammals J. L. WINSLOW Analysis and numerical solution of the dendrite equation with synapses applied to cochlear neurons Y. STERN MPTP-induced Parkinsonism M. SATOU Synaptic organization, local neuronal circuitry, and functional segregation of the teleost olfactory bulb