MATHEMATICS IN INDUSTRY 15 Editors Hans-Georg Bock Frank de Hoog Avner Friedman Arvind G upta Helmut Neunzert William R. Pulleyblank Torgeir Rusten Fadil Santosa Anna-Karin Tornberg THE EUROPEAN CONSORTIUM FOR MATHEMATICS IN INDUSTRY SUBSERIES Managing Editor Vincenzo Capasso Editors Luis L. Bonilla RRoobbeerrtt MMaattheij HHeellmmuutt NNeeuunnzzeerrtt OOttmmaarr SScchheerrzzeerr For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4650 • Alistair D. Fitt John Norbury Hilary Ockendon R. Eddie Wilson Editors Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2008 With 360 Figures, 109 in color and 46 Tables 123 Editors Prof. Alistair D. Fitt Dr. Hilary Ockendon University of Southampton Dr. John Norbury School of Mathematics University of Oxford Southampton SO17 1BJ Mathematical Institute United Kingdom St. Giles 24-29 [email protected] Oxford OX1 3LB United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] Dr. R. Eddie Wilson University of Bristol Bristol Centre for Applied Nonlinear Mathematics Bristol BS8 1TR United Kingdom [email protected] ISBN978-3-642-12109-8 e-ISBN978-3-642-12110-4 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-12110-4 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010930279 Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 35, 60, 62, 65, 70, 74, 76, 80, 82, 91, 92, 97 (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright. Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermitted onlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsare liabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:deblik, Berlin Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface The 15th European Conference on Mathematics for Industry was held in the agreeable surroundings of University College London, just 5 minutes walk from the British Museum in the heart of London, over the five warm, sunny days from 30 June to 4 July 2008. Participants from all over the world met withthecommonaimofreinforcingtheroleofmathematicsasanoverarching resource for industry and business. The conference attractedover 300 participants from 30 countries, most of them participating with either a contributed talk, a minisymposium presen- tation or a plenary lecture. ‘Mathematics in Industry’ was interpreted in its widest sense as can be seen from the range of applications and techniques described in this volume. We mention just two examples. The Alan Tayler Lecture was given by Mario Primicerio on a problem arising from moving oil through pipelines when temperature variations affect the shearing properties of wax and thus modify the flow. The Wacker Prize winner, Master’s student Lauri Harhanen from the Helsinki University of Technology, showed how a novel piece of mathematics allowed new software to capture real-time images of teeth from the data supplied by present day dental machinery (see ECMI Newsletter 44). The meeting was attended by leading figures from government, busi- ness and science who all shared the same aim – to promote the application of innovative mathematics to industry, and identify industrial sectors that offer the most exciting opportunities for mathematicians to provide new insight and new ideas. The finance day in the Lloyd’s building provided an alternative venue and different talk themes. The panel discussions and the conferencedinnergeneratedformalandinformalinteractionandwideranging discussions. The organizing committee is grateful to all those who helped to make the meeting so successful. We thank Professor Frank Smith and University College London for the provision of the venue, Lord Hunt and Arren Ariel of the Lighthill Institute of Mathematical Sciences, and David Youdan and Amy Marsh of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications for all their VI Preface effortinorganizingthesmoothrunningoftheconference.Weareverygrateful to all our sponsors for their financial support (see: www.ecmi2008.org),and, in particular, Dr Robert Leese and the KTN for Industrial Mathematics for their help with the design work. The editors Alistair Fitt, John Norbury, Hilary Ockendon and Eddie Wilson thank Anthony Lock for his invaluable help with the publishing of these Proceedings. Finally, a big thank you to all our participants who share the ECMI vision of using mathematics to make a better future in Europe – we hope this publication will help in the process of achieving this goal. Oxford, John Norbury (Chair) April 2009 On behalf of the Organizing Committee Contents Part I Plenary Lectures Modelling Living Tissues: Mechanical and Mechanobiological Aspects M. Doblar´e and J.M. Garc´ıa-Aznar ................................ 3 New Mathematical Approaches for Image Reconstruction in the Oil and Medical Industries M. Moscoso ..................................................... 9 Continuum Models: Helping to Guide Industry Colin Please..................................................... 23 Wax Segregation in Oils: A Multiscale Problem Mario Primicerio ................................................ 43 Chebfun: A New Kind of Numerical Computing R.B. Platte and L.N. Trefethen ................................... 69 Part II Minisymposia Asymptotic Analysis Organizers: D. Dominici and R.B. Paris ..................... 91 Asymptotics of Orthogonal-Polynomial Functionals and Shannon Information Entropy of Rydberg Atoms J.S. Dehesa, S. L´opez-Rosa, A. Mart´ınez-Finkelshtein, and R.J. Y´an˜ez................................................ 93 Asymptotic Analysis of the Zeros of Hermite Polynomials Diego Dominici................................................ 99 VIII Contents The Error Function in the Study of Singularly Perturbed Convection-Diffusion Problems with Discontinuous Boundary Data J.L. Lo´pez, E. P´erez Sinus´ıa, and N.M. Temme....................105 Singular Perturbations of Parabolic Equations With or Without Boundary Layers Denis R. Akhmetov, Mikhail M. Lavrentiev, Jr., and Renato Spigler.............................................111 The Asymptotic Inversion of Certain Cumulative Distribution Functions A. Gil, J. Segura, and N.M. Temme..............................117 Asymptotic Properties of Complex Random Systems and Applications Organizer: Malwina J. Luczak ...............................123 A Multi-Class Mean-Field Model with Graph Structure for TCP Flows C. Graham and Ph. Robert......................................125 Charge and Spin Transport in Nanostructures Organizers: L.L. Bonilla and M. Carretero...................133 The Equilibrium Wigner Function in the Case of Nonparabolic Energy Bands V. Romano ...................................................135 Nonlinear Electron and Spin Transport in Semiconductor Superlattices L.L. Bonilla, L. Barletti, and M. Alvaro ..........................141 Self-Sustained Spin-Polarized Current Oscillations in Multiquantum Well Structures M. Carretero, L.L. Bonilla, R. Escobedo, and G. Platero............147 Spin Dynamics in Quantum Dots Gloria Platero, Jesu´s In˜arrea, and Carlos L´opez-Mon´ıs .............153 Relocation Dynamics During Voltage Switching in Spin-Polarized Superlattices R. Escobedo, M. Carretero, L.L. Bonilla, and G. Platero............159 Contents IX Dynamical Systems Methods in Aerospace Engineering Organizers: B. Krauskopf and M.H. Lowenberg..............167 A Combined Numerical/Experimental Continuation Approach Applied to Nonlinear Rotor Dynamics D. Rezgui, M. Lowenberg, and P. Bunniss.........................169 Operational Parameter Study of an Aircraft Turning on the Ground J. Rankin, B. Krauskopf, M. Lowenberg, and E. Coetzee ............175 Geometric Nonlinearities of Aircraft Systems B. Krauskopf, P. Thota, and M. Lowenberg .......................181 Application of Nonlinear Dynamics in Civil Aerospace E. Coetzee ....................................................187 Global System Dynamics and Policies Organizer: Steven Bishop....................................193 Systems Approaches for Critical Decisions Julian Hunt, Steven Bishop, and Yulia Timoshkina.................197 Application of System Dynamics to Climate Policy Assessment Klaus Hasselmann .............................................203 Multivariate and/or Multidimensional Image Processing in Biomedical Applications Organizers: J. Angulo and D. Jeulin .........................209 Regionalized Random Germs by a Classification for Probabilistic Watershed Application: Angiogenesis Imaging Segmentation Guillaume Noyel, Jesu´s Angulo, and Dominique Jeulin .............211 Nucleus Modelling and Segmentation in Cell Clusters Jesu´s Angulo ..................................................217 Spatio-Temporal Segmentation for Radiotherapy Planning Jean Stawiaski, Etienne Decenci`ere, and Fran¸cois Bidault ...........223 Tracking and Registration for Multidimensional Biomedical Image Analysis K. Rohr, W.J. Godinez, N. Harder, S. Yang, I.-H. Kim, S. Wo¨rz, and R. Eils ...................................................229