ffffiirrss..iinndddd ii 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3366 PPMM PROFESSIONAL SQL SERVER® 2012 INTERNALS AND TROUBLESHOOTING INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix (cid:2) PART I INTERNALS CHAPTER 1 SQL Server Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 CHAPTER 2 Demystifying Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 CHAPTER 3 Understanding Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 CHAPTER 4 Storage Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 CHAPTER 5 Query Processing and Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 CHAPTER 6 Locking and Concurrency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 CHAPTER 7 Latches and Spinlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 CHAPTER 8 Knowing Tempdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211 (cid:2) PART II T ROUBLESHOOTING TOOLS AND LESSONS FROM THE FIELD CHAPTER 9 Troubleshooting Methodology and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 CHAPTER 10 Viewing Server Performance with PerfMon and the PAL Tool . . . . . .259 CHAPTER 11 Consolidating Data Capture with SQLdiag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 CHAPTER 12 Bringing It All Together with SQL Nexus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 CHAPTER 13 Diagnosing SQL Server 2012 Using Extended Events . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 CHAPTER 14 Enhancing Your Troubleshooting Toolset with PowerShell . . . . . . . . .379 CHAPTER 15 Delivering a SQL Server Health Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405 CHAPTER 16 Delivering Manageability and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445 CHAPTER 17 Running SQL Server in a Virtual Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509 ffffiirrss..iinndddd ii 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3366 PPMM ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3377 PPMM PROFESSIONAL SQL Server® 2012 Internals and Troubleshooting ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiiiii 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3377 PPMM ffffiirrss..iinndddd iivv 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3377 PPMM PROFESSIONAL SQL Server® 2012 Internals and Troubleshooting Christian Bolton Justin Langford Glenn Berry Gavin Payne Amit Banerjee Rob Farley John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffffiirrss..iinndddd vv 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3377 PPMM Professional SQL Server® 2012 Internals and Troubleshooting Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-1-118-17765-5 ISBN: 978-1-118-22730-5 (ebk) ISBN: 978-1-118-24027-4 (ebk) ISBN: 978-1-118-26490-4 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifi cally disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fi tness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (877) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http:// booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2012946050 Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Wrox Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affi liates, in the United States and other coun- tries, and may not be used without written permission. SQL Server is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. ffffiirrss..iinndddd vvii 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3388 PPMM For Ava and Leighton, who missed their daddy during this project. I promise I’ll make it up to you. Christian Bolton To my best friend and new wife, Claire, thanks for your enduring support and patience. All my love, Justin. Justin Langford To my mum, and Colin. Gavin Payne I would like to dedicate my contribution to the book to my mom and dad. Without their support, I wouldn’t have been able to devote the kind of time I do in my quest for everyday learning. A special note of thanks is due to my mentors, who have made it possible for me to learn about this ever-evolving product in a seamless manner. Amit Banerjee For Roslyn. Rob Farley ffffiirrss..iinndddd vviiii 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3388 PPMM ffffiirrss..iinndddd vviiiiii 1100//33//22001122 33::5522::3388 PPMM