Production Methods and Workability of Concrete BOOKS ON CONCRETE MATERIALS FROM E & FN SPON Application of Admixtures in Concrete Edited by A.M. Paillere Blended Cements in Construction Edited by R.N. Swamy Cement-based Composites: Materials, Mechanical Properties and Perfomance. A.M. Brandt Concrete in Hot Environments I. Soroka Concrete in Marine Environments P.K. Mehta Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control and Specification K.W. Day Construction Methods and Planning J.R. Illingworth Disposal and Recycling of Organic and Polymeric Construction Materials Edited by Y. Ohama Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates M. Pigeon and R. Pleau Euro-Cements: The Impact of ENV 197 on Concrete Construction Edited by R.K. Dhir and M.R. ¡ones Ferrocement Edited by P.J. Nedwell and R.N. Swamy Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites A. Bentur and S. Mindess Fly Ash in Concrete: Properties and Performance Edited by K. Wesche Hydration and Setting of Cements Edited by A. Nonat and j-C. Mutin Interfacial Transition Zone in Concrete Edited by J.C. Maso Manual of Ready-Mixed Concrete J.D. Dewar and R. Anderson Performance Criteria for Concrete Durability Edited by J. Kropp and H.K. Hilsdorf Special Concretes: Workability and Mixing Edited by P.j.M. Bartos Structural Grouts Edited by P.L.j. Domone and S.A. Jefferis Thermal Cracking in Concrete at Early Ages Edited by R. Springenschmid Workability and Quality Control of Concrete G.H. Tattersall For more details, contact the Promotions Department, E & FN Spon, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, Tel: Inti + 171-865 0066 Production Methods and Workability of Concrete Proceedings of the International RILEM Conference Paisley, Scotland June 3-5, 1996 EDITED BY P.J.M. Bartos and D.L. Marrs Advanced Concrete Technology Group, Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University of Paisley, Scotland and D.J. 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Seshadri, 32 Second Main Road, CIT East, Madras 600 035 First edition 1 996 © 1996 RILEM 1996 ISBN 0 419 22070 4 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Publisher's Note This book has been prepared from camera ready copy provided by the individual contributors in order to make the book available for the Conference. Contents Preface ix International Scientific Advisory Committee xi PART ONE PRODUCTION MIXERS AND MIXING PROCESSES 1 1 Efficiency of concrete mixers 3 Y. Charonnat 2 Development of a new-type mixer based on a new mixing system 11 K. Maeda 3 The effects of mixing technique on microsilica concrete 27 A.K. Tamimi 4 Strength development of mortar and concrete prepared by the 'sand enveloped with cement* method 35 P. Rougeron, A. Tagnit-Hamou and P. Laplante 5 Quality control in concrete mixing 45 Y. Charonnat PART TWO PRODUCTION METHODS 55 6 System-specific evaluation of fresh concrete transport systems in the construction of dam walls 57 H. Beitzel 7 High performance concrete for exposed civil works structures - guidelines for execution 67 F. Meyer and J. Frandsen 8 Steel fibre concrete for underwater concrete slabs 79 H. Falkner and V. Henke PART THREE SPRAYED AND VERY DRY PRECASTING MIXES 93 9 Shootability of fresh shotcrete 95 D. Beaupré vi Contents 10 Production of steel fibre reinforced sprayed concrete and the influence of setting accelerator dosage on durability 109 A. March, J. L0ken, T. Farstad and K. Reknes 11 New liquid alkali-free fast setting agent: a step forward in sprayed concrete technology 115 E. Prat, L. Frouin and J. Dugat 12 Very dry precasting concretes 125 K.J. Juvas 13 Mechanical behaviour of very dry mixed concrete under concrete placement 141 Y. Murakami, T. Tautsumi, N. Yasuda, M. Matsushima and M. Ohtsu PART FOUR FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE 153 14 Proportioning, mixing and placement of fibre-reinforced cements and concretes 155 C.D. Johnston 15 Properties of high strength plain and fibre-reinforced concretes 181 M.R. Taylor, F.D. Lydon and B.I.G. Barr 16 Development and testing of self-compacting low strength slurries for SEFCON 199 D.L. Marrs and P.J.M. Bartos 17 Interaction between metal-metalloid glassy alloy ribbon reinforcement and fresh and hardened concrete 209 K. Forkel, D. Vollhardt, H. Zastrow, H. Lichtenfeld and P.J.M. Bartos 18 Influence of different steel fibres on workability of fresh concrete 215 K. Trtik and J. Vodicka PART FIVE FLOWING AND SUPERFLUID MIXES 221 19 Design and testing of self-compacting concrete 223 P.L. Domone and H.-W. Chai 20 Basic properties and effects of welan gum on self-consolidating concrete 237 N. Sakata, K. Maruyama and M. Minami 21 Effect of properties of mix constituents on rheological constants of self-compacting concrete 255 S. Nishibayashi, A. Yoshino, S. Inoue and T. Kuroda Contents vii 22 Effect of mix constituents on rheological properties of super workable concrete 263 T. Shindoh, K. Yokota and K. Yokoi 23 Experimental research on the material properties of super flowing concrete 271 J R. Kim, S.H. Han, Y.D. Park, J.H. Noh, C.L. Park, Y.H. Kwon and S.G. Lee 24 Flowing concrete with packed powder superplasticiser 285 K. Goto, M. Hayakawa, T. Ukigai and N. Tobori PART SIX RHEOLOGY 293 25 New generation of superplasticisers 295 P. Billberg, Ô. Petersson and J. Norberg 26 Effect of some plasticisers on the rheological behaviour of fresh cement paste 307 O. Wallevik and T. Simmerman 27 Vibration and the rheology of fresh concrete - a further look 319 P.F.G. Banfill 28 The efficiency of SNF-type superplasticiser in Portland cement pastes 327 R. Mannonen and V. Penttala 29 Rheological behaviour of mortars and concretes: experimental approach 343 C. Lanos, M. Laquerbe and C. Casandjian PART SEVEN TEST METHODS 355 30 Equivalent slump 357 K.W. Day 31 Continuous control of fresh concrete using the FCT101 tester 365 T. Steiner 32 A presentation of the BML viscometer 369 J.H. Mork 33 Evolution of the workability of superplasticised concretes: assessment with the BTRHEOM rheometer 377 F. de Larrard, T. Sedran, C. Hu, J.C. Szitkar, M. Joly and F. Derkx 34 A new workability test on consolidation-free flowing (CFF) concrete 389 S. Kakuta and T. Kokado viii Contents 35 Assessment of washout resistance of a fresh concrete by the MC-1 test 399 M. Ceza and P. J.M. Bartos 36 Setting and hardening of concrete continuously monitored by elastic waves 415 H.W. Reinhardt and C.U. Grosse PART EIGHT MIX DESIGN AND MODELS 427 37 A particle-matrix model for prediction of workability of concrete 429 E. M0rtsell, M. Maage and S. Smeplass 38 Mix design of self-compacting concrete (SCC) 439 T. Sedran, F. de Larrard, F. Hourst and C. Contamines 39 Interaction of particles in fibre reinforced concrete 451 P J.M. Bartos and C.W. Hoy 40 Statistical models to predict flowability, washout resistance and strength of underwater concrete 463 K.H. Khayat, M. Sonebi, A. Yahia and C.B. Skaggs 41 A model for self-compacting concrete 483 O. Petersson, P. Billberg and B.K. Van PART NINE SPECIAL CEMENTS AND CONCRETES 493 42 Some aspects of fresh clay-cement mixes foamed by a biological agent 495 M. Ruzicka, D. Lorin and M. Queneudec 43 Production and testing of concrete with high specific heat 505 J. Lindgard and K. Johansen 44 Flowable concrete for structural repairs 515 A. McLeish 45 Influence of fine mineral additions on workability and mechanical properties of cement pastes and mortars 523 J.L. Gallias, S. Aggoun, R. Cabrillac and R. Kara-Ali Author index 537 Subject index 539 Preface Concrete production processes, particularly the mixing stage and the behaviour of ordinary or special mixes in their fresh state are fundamental to the achievement of a cost-effective but technically advanced concrete construction. To effect a genuine technology transfer, the advances in quality of ordinary concretes and properties of special concretes have to be matched by appropriate developments in the construction process itself. Last decade has seen a very large expansion in the range of materials used in concrete construction, including many new high- performance, special concretes and innovative concrete construction methods. Practical trials showed that outstanding properties which were observed in research laboratories were obtainable in practice, however, the focus of the initial research and technical development had been firmly on the performance and properties of the final product, namely on the strength, durability and other key characteristics of hardened concrete. The production process parameters and behaviour of the new high- performance, special concretes when fresh often differ very considerably from that of an 'ordinary' concrete. However, the production methods used during the research stage were often chosen arbitrarily and there was little practical guidance available for those who attempted to use the new high- performance, special concretes in full-scale, commercial projects. It soon began to be appreciated that the mixing processes had to be adapted and correct properties of the special concretes in their fresh state were the key quality control indicators critical for a successful execution of the construction process and a satisfactory performance of the material in its hardened form. The shortage of an independent guidance for design engineers, specifiers and contractors on a selection of a technically appropriate mixing plant and on cost effective construction based on the special, high performance mixes began to be felt strongly by the industry. This led to an establishment in 1992 of RILEM Committees TC 145-WSM on Workability of Special Concrete Mixes and TC 150-ECM on Efficiency of Concrete Mixes under chairmanships of Peter JM Bartos and Harald Beitzel respectively. The Committee 145 concerned with workability aims to produce practical guidelines for production of a range of special mixes while the Committee 150 will establish a comprehensive system for a rational assessment of performance of concrete mixers. This book contains papers selected for publication and presentation at the International RILEM Conference on Production Methods and Workability of Concrete held in Glasgow on 3-5th June 1996. The Conference represented the culmination of work of the two RILEM Technical Committees and provided an international forum for a discussion of the proposed guidance on production and