PROCESSED FOOD ADDICTION FOUNDATIONS, ASSESSMENT, RECOVERY and PROCESSED FOOD ADDICTION FOUNDATIONS, ASSESSMENT, RECOVERY and Edited by Joan Ifland Marianne T. Marcus Harry G. Preuss CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-1996-4 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Ifland, Joan, editor. | Marcus, Marianne T., editor. | Preuss, Harry G., editor. Title: Processed food addiction : foundations, assessment, and recovery / edited by Joan Ifland, Marianne T. Marcus, Harry G. Preuss. Description: Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017031088 | ISBN 9781498719964 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315119922 (e-book) | ISBN 9781351646239 (e-book) | ISBN 9781498719971 (e-book) | ISBN 9781351636704 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Compulsive eating--Treatment. | Food habits--Psychological aspects. | Processed foods--Psychological aspects. | Self-help techniques. Classification: LCC RC552.C65.P76 2018 | DDC 616.85/26--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017031088 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Editors ...............................................................................................................................................ix Contributors ......................................................................................................................................xi Introduction: Learning about Processed Food Addiction..............................................................xiii SECTION I Foundations Chapter 1 Overlap between Drug and Processed Food Addiction ...............................................3 Pamela M. Peeke and Joan Ifland Chapter 2 Neurodysfunction in Addiction and Overeating as Assessed by Brain Imaging .......27 Randall J. Ellis, Michael Michaelides, and Gene-Jack Wang Chapter 3 Neural Vulnerability Factors for Overeating: Treatment Implications ......................39 Eric Stice and Zack Stice Chapter 4 Sugar Consumption: An Important Example Whereby Recognizing Food Addiction May Prove Important in Gaining Optimal Health ....................................57 Harry G. Preuss and Joan Ifland Chapter 5 Sugar and Fat Addiction .............................................................................................67 Kristen Criscitelli and Nicole M. Avena Chapter 6 Abstinent Food Plans for Processed Food Addiction.................................................77 Joan Ifland, Harry G. Preuss , Marianne T. Marcus, Wendell C. Taylor, Kathleen M. Rourke, H. Theresa Wright, and Kathryn K. Sheppard Chapter 7 Mindfulness Therapies for Food Addiction .............................................................107 Marianne T. Marcus SECTION II Diagnosis and Assessment Chapter 8 Diagnosing and Assessing Processed Food Addiction ............................................121 Dennis M. Donovan and Joan Ifland Chapter 9 Assessment of Food Cravings ..................................................................................137 Adrian Meule v vi Contents Chapter 10 Case Study: Severe Processed Food Addiction ........................................................147 Natalie Gold Chapter 11 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 1: Unintended Use ...............................................................157 Joan Ifland and H. Theresa Wright Chapter 12 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 2: Failure to Cut Back .........................................................165 Joan Ifland and Diane Rohrbach Chapter 13 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 3: Time Spent ......................................................................175 Joan Ifland and Elaine Epstein Chapter 14 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 4: Cravings ..........................................................................187 Joan Ifland Chapter 15 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 5: Failure to Fulfill Roles ....................................................205 Joan Ifland and Carrie L. Willey Chapter 16 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 6: Interpersonal Problems ...................................................217 Joan Ifland and Robin Piper Chapter 17 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 7: Activities Given Up .........................................................231 Joan Ifland and Rhona L. Epstein Chapter 18 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 8: Hazardous Use ................................................................241 Joan Ifland and Jennifer M. Cross Chapter 19 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 9: Use in Spite of Consequences .........................................255 Joan Ifland and R. Sue Roselle Chapter 20 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 10: Tolerance .......................................................................263 Joan Ifland and Carrie L. Willey Chapter 21 DSM 5 SUD Criterion 11: Withdrawal ....................................................................277 Joan Ifland and H. Theresa Wright Chapter 22 The Addiction Severity Index in the Assessment of Processed Food Addiction .....289 Joan Ifland, Kathryn K. Sheppard, and H. Theresa Wright Contents vii SECTION III Recovery from Processed Food Addiction Chapter 23 Introduction to Recovery from Processed Food Addiction......................................307 Douglas M. Ziedonis and Joan Ifland Chapter 24 Premises of Recovery for Adults ..............................................................................321 Douglas M. Ziedonis and Joan Ifland Chapter 25 Avenues to Success for the Practitioner ...................................................................341 Douglas M. Ziedonis and Joan Ifland Chapter 26 Adaptation of APA Practice Guidelines for SUD to Processed Food Addiction .....355 Carrie L. Willey and Joan Ifland Chapter 27 Preparing Adults for Recovery .................................................................................375 Joan Ifland and Robin Piper Chapter 28 Insights from the Field .............................................................................................383 Joan Ifland and H. Theresa Wright Chapter 29 Adaptation of SUD and ED Practice Parameters to Adolescents and Children with PFA .............................................................................................397 Joan Ifland Chapter 30 Strategies for Helping Food-Addicted Children ......................................................417 Joan Ifland Chapter 31 Conclusion: Nurturing the Sapling ...........................................................................449 Joan Ifland, Harry G. Preuss, and Marianne T. Marcus Index ..............................................................................................................................................455 Editors Joan Ifland is the chief executive officer of Food Addiction Training, LLC. She received her BA in economics and political science from Oberlin College, MBA from Stanford University, and PhD in interdisciplinary studies with a specialization in addictive nutrition from the Union Institute & University. She has innovated in the field of recovery from food addiction. She was the first chair of the Food Addiction Council for the American College of Nutrition. She is the author of the popular book Sugars and Flours: How They Make Us Crazy, Sick, and Fat. She founded Victory Meals in Houston, TX, which is the first prepared meal company to provide abstinent meals. She is currently developing online approaches to recovery at www.foodaddictionreset.com as well as the Facebook Group, Food Addiction Education. Her early career was spent at the Wisconsin State Legislature and the Continental Group, Stamford, CT. Marianne T. Marcus is professor emerita at the University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Nursing, Houston, TX. She received her BSN from Columbia University, MA and MEd from Teachers College, Columbia University, and EdD from the University of Houston. Dr. Marcus served as chair of the Department of Nursing Systems, director of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Education and Research, and was the John P. McGovern Distinguished Professor of Addiction Nursing. Her academic focus has been the education of interdisciplinary health profes- sionals to deliver prevention, screening, and treatment services related to substance use disorders. She was the principal investigator for three successive faculty development grants funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) and a federal grant to establish an Addictions Focus graduate subspecialty for nursing. Dr. Marcus’ research has focused on therapeutic community treatment for substance use disor- ders, including an NIH-funded behavioral therapies trial to determine the effect of mindfulness- based stress reduction on treatment in the therapeutic community setting. She has also conducted CSAP-funded community-based participatory research to test substance abuse prevention in vul- nerable communities. Her professional honors include membership in the American Academy of Nursing, the University of Texas Academy of Health Science Education, and the Teachers College Nursing Education Alumni Association Hall of Fame. Harry G. Preuss received his BA and MD from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and New York City; trained for three years in internal medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center; studied for two years as a fellow in renal physiology at Cornell University Medical; and spent two years in clinical and research training in nephrology at Georgetown University Medical Center. During his training years, he was a special research fellow of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Following five years as an assistant and associate (tenured) professor of medicine at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center where he became an established investigator of the American Heart Association, he returned to Georgetown Medical Center. He subsequently performed a six-month sabbatical in molecular biology at the NIH. Dr. Preuss is now a tenured professor in four departments at Georgetown University Medical Center—Biochemistry, Physiology, Medicine, and Pathology. ix