GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS P B O ROBLEMS OF IOSPHERE RIGIN E AND VOLUTION VOLUME 1 No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. G M R EOLOGY AND INERALOGY ESEARCH D EVELOPMENTS Additional books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the Series tab. Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the e-book tab. E S 21 C ARTH CIENCES IN THE ST ENTURY Additional books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the Series tab. Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the e-book tab. GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS P B O ROBLEMS OF IOSPHERE RIGIN E AND VOLUTION V 1 OLUME E. M. GALIMOV EDITOR New York Copyright © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. 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In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:27)(cid:19)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:26)(cid:16)(cid:26) (eBook) ISSN: 2329-5023 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York CONTENTS Preface ix What Is Life? 1 SECTION 1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEMS OF LIFE ORIGIN 11 Chapter 1 Concept of Sustained Ordering and ATP-Related Mechanism of Life Origin 13 E. M. Galimov Chapter 2 Molecules and Life 27 L. A. Gribov and V. I. Baranov Chapter 3 Prebiotic Evolution of Macromolecules. World of Peptides 69 S. D. Varfolomeev, O. V. Demina, A. A. Khodonov, A. V. Laptev, E. N. Nikolaev and A. S. Kononikhin Chapter 4 Computer Simulation of the Evolution of the Genetic Code 107 V. A. Dementiev SECTION 2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES. SYNTHESES OF ATP. PHOTOACTIVE SYSTEMS 133 Chapter 5 Photochemistry of Coenzymes as a Field of Evolution Studies 135 M. S. Kritsky, T. A. Telegina, T. A. Lyudnkova, M. P. Kolesnikov, Yu. L. Vechtomova, O. A. Dashina and E. A. Sviridov Chapter 6 Computational Study of Possible Mechanisms of Adenine Synthesis 157 I. V. Mikhura, V. F. Palulin, N. V. Bovin and A. A. Formanovsky Chapter 7 Insulation and Concentration of Adenosine Triphosphate under Prebiotic Conditions: Hypothesis and Experimental Data 167 A. A. Chinarev, S. B. Tsygankova, I. V. Kubrakova and N. V. Bovin Chapter 8 Synthesis of Adenine under Pulsed Discharge in the Gas Phase 177 V. M. Lupatov, V. P. Strizhov and O. O. Naida vi Contents Chapter 9 Peculiarities Associated with the Biogenic Formation of Mineral Phosphorous Compounds by Microorganisms at Different Stages of their Evolution 191 I. S. Kulaev, T. V. Kulakovskaya, V. M. Vagabov, L. P. Lichko, N. A. Andreeva, L. V. Trilisenko and L. P. Ryazanova Chapter 10 Role of Impact Processes in the Abiogenic Synthesis of Organic Compounds at the Early Stages of Earth Formation 205 M. V. Gerasimov and E. N. Safonova Chapter 11 Prebiotic Synthesis of Biologically Significant Compounds under the Action of Cosmic Energy Sources 221 E. A. Kuzicheva, N. B. Gontareva and M. B. Simakov Chapter 12 Luminescence Detection and Study of Tightly Bound Stacking Aggregates of Nitrogen Bases of Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides in Water and on the Quartz Surface as Candidates for the First Genetic Templates 239 V. L. Rapoport, V. M. Malkin, N. A. Bykov and V. V. Goryuchko Chapter 13 Chemical Intermediates in the Photomodels of ATP Synthesis 251 O. S. Nedelina, O. N. Brzhevskaya, E. N. Degtyarev, A. S. Zubkov, V. I. Artyukhov and L. A. Chernozatonskii Chapter 14 Optical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Natural Photosynthetic Pigments and Porphyrins: Role of Hydrogen Peroxide 265 I. A. Nagovitsyn, G. K. Chudinova, V. V. Savranskii, G. V. Sin’ko and G. G. Komissarov Chapter 15 Mutual Transformations of О and Н О Upon Irradiation of Air- 2 2 2 Saturated Suspensions Chlorophyll/Silica/Water 275 A. V. Lobanov, Yu. A. Safina, O. V. Nevrova and G. G. Komissarov Chapter 16 Photocatalytic Properties of Porphyrins in Dependence on the Nature of the Central Metal Atom 289 V. A. Ilatovskii, G. A. Ptitsyn and G. G. Komissarov SECTION 3. FORMATION OF THE EARTH-MOON SYSTEM. PROCESSES IN THE PROTOPLANETARY CLOUD 301 Chapter 17 Current Status of the Problem of the Origin of the Earth–Moon System 303 E. M. Galimov Chapter 18 From the Protosolar Cloud to the Planetary System: A Model for the Evolution of the Gas-Dust Disk 319 M. Ya. Marov, A. V. Kolesnichenko, A. B. Makalkin, V. A. Dorofeeva, I. N. Ziglina and A. V. Chernov Contents vii Chapter 19 Some Models for the Protoplanetary Disk of the Sun at the Initial Stage of its Evolution 405 A.V. Zabrodin, E. A. Zabrodina, M. S. Legkostupov, K. V. Manukovskii and L. A. Pliner Chapter 20 Development of Algorithms for Computing the Collisional Dynamics of Gravitating Particles to Simulate the Formation of the Earth-Moon System through the Gravitational Collapse of a Dust Cloud 443 A. A. Le-Zakharov and A. M. Krivtsov Index 469