selpicfnoirP Naval Weapons Systems N,Sl Ulhap He dsRyeoDbtJCidE Introduction stn .ef,smo y n u drroe ryhe uaphetltlntwatrspelIne e nmiaewewyiitcchlsntreawet ehT ,nonnac eht ,elfir ro eht tenoyab erew lla deredisno cetarapes seceip fo yrnopaewot eb desu ni .tabmoc yB eht dnoceS dlroW ,raW ygolonhcet nageb ot eb detargetniotni .tabmoc ehT noitnevni fo radar dna ranos dednetxe eht dleif fo tabmoc ot retaergdna retaerg ,segnar dna ti saw on regnol yrassecen ot thgis stegrat .yltcerid sAygolonhcet ,dessergorp eht yrev erutan fo snopaew osla .degnahc ,woN ti si on regnol tneiciffusot ssucsid laudividni seceip fo ,yrnopaew yeht tsum eb nekat ni eht txetnoc fo ehteritne m estnsoypsaew , hcihw si eehttelp mto ecgsn iste acfleo e i trnpraroeheihttttnceinguooftt .te gg rnaaityort slf ea oedoehgvteihca ehT etel pnmooictpircsed fo a snopaew metsys tsum edulcni lla fo eht snaemfo gnign anhocixteamrof nnieew t,esbmetsys-b udsellac noitacinummoc ;smetsy sllasnaem desu ot etacol eht ,tegrat dellac srosnes ; lla snaem desu ot ,erots hcnual dna reviledeht nopaew ot eht ,tegrat dellac yreviled ;smetsys -dbnuas lla snaem desu ot tcilfneigamad nd,oe tpleeulhgatrcat noitcurtsed .smetsys-b us .noi tscm ne e nutl,hsI fsakTisy ooh s ssesgotwul-iwub oclboehsoiuihitwsrtdav dnatsredn ueht selpicnirp fonoitarepo . s sm tnefnoto eps yrayneesafwmf itdId esticepxe taht eht redaer l ltinwemelp psuish tlaireta mhtiw eno fo eht ynam enif skgonoibbircsed .dlr oew h ftsoeiratil irmoj aem h yteb s nuyiltnerr uscnopa e fwloanes reaht ceucsi vdeedtacil p w mdoaonhcatsre donTu st,iiskr omwets yssnop a sehaaw w oohs l sasii h,tsy aewm o. nstIsr infoitcarts b faloev eelm omsrofr e opltufpl enhetfo oytlpm i ssnioitcarts b ea. hdTengis eed rsamets yssnopaew dsntau p en ehitrtaa hkws“a ,tpecn osci hettartsu l .l osiTlev etlnereff iydn a tmdaeilp p eanb ancoitse us qi” h?Tstuptuo .rot ar rone /aptdoen ga mer eoha.smrttmtofe uc tepsshnnyTios plaleaw rreeehvdtoisnoc ehT tuptuo si eht evitcurtsed ecrof taht segamad eht.tegrat tA eht txen level fo ,noitcartsba eht selor fo eht rojam snoitces-bus nac eb .debircserp ehT rosnes noitces-bus sekat eht slangis morf eht tegrat dna stuptuoeht noitacol dna noitcerid fo tnemevom fo eht tegrat ot eht yreviled .metsys ehTyreviled st’umpet tussoiys ot tup enhotp ay etn wiiem siooxtlo c r.epthetg r,a ytnlelveaimngoisF llams noitarapes morf eht nopaew ot eht ,tegrat eht evitcurtsed metsys stuptuo eht evitcurtsed ecrof ot eht .tegrat fO ,esruoc tsom fo siht si .suoivbo ,revewoH nehwsiht rell adometsil psspmiaetsys- bluasnoitc nruefll aom tsnn wisomdet sgynsika edfroobhtem dna rellams ,strap ti snrut tuo ot eb a yrev lufesu yaw ot dnatsrednu wohdetacilpmoc smetsy s.krow ecnO eht selor fo eht ssumoeitrsayvs- b eu,rsdaootsr endenhut ehtsliated .. etnr xe e heknh nct a ooaa netti tcosob ut nricspaei ph irhfpTsetoatpio i Table of Contents retpa1hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 11 eva Waf osretemara PehT ________________________________ ___________________ 11 sev agWnilevarT ________________________________ ___________________________ 16 niamo Demi T. s yvcneuqerF ________________________________ _________________ 17 retpa2hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 21 anemoneh PcisaB ________________________________ ___________________________ 21 noitcelfeR ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 23 noitcarfeR ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 24 Interference ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 25 noitcarffiD ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 26 sannetnA ________________________________ ________________________________ _ 27 The Dipole Antenna ________________________________ ______________________________ 27 Polarization ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 28 Antenna Beam-forming ________________________________ ___________________________ 30 ri An inoitagapor Pf osedoM ________________________________ _________________ 32 The Electromagnetic Spectrum ________________________________ _____________________ 32 s edvnauWorG ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 32 seva WykS ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 33 eniL fothgiS ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 36 retpa3hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 39 stnenopmo CcisaB ________________________________ __________________________ 39 Transmitter ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 40 The Transmission Channel ________________________________ _________________________ 40 revie ceehRT ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 41 noitaludoM ________________________________ ________________________________ 41 esioN ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 42 ) eedstniiaohbNWd(aorB ________________________________ __________________________ 42 )ecnees rideonfNarbewtonrIr(aN ________________________________ ____________________ 42 retpa4hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 45 )MA (noitaludo MedutilpmA ________________________________ _________________ 46 metsy sM AnA ________________________________ _____________________________ 48 murtcep SM AehT ________________________________ __________________________ 49 Bandwidth ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 49 ycneiciffE ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 51 1 )MF (noitaludo MycneuqerF ________________________________ _________________ 54 M Ff ohtdiwdnaB ________________________________ __________________________ 55 citat So tytinummI ________________________________ __________________________ 56 )MP (noitaludo MesahP ________________________________ _____________________ 56 )BS Sd(nab-ed ieSlgniS ________________________________ ______________________ 57 retpa5hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 61 noitatneserpe Ryrani BehT ________________________________ ___________________ 62 eyrhmreTeabtnmsiuyBns ________________________________ _________________________ 62 sd r dosnwea t,ysbtiB ________________________________ _____________________________ 64 stnenopmo CcisaB ________________________________ __________________________ 64 Central Processing Unit (CPU) ________________________________ ______________________ 65 suB ________________________________ ________________________________ ___________ 68 yromeM ________________________________ ________________________________ ________ 69 Input and Output (I/O) ________________________________ ____________________________ 71 retpa6hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 73 slangi Sgolan Ahti wata DlatigiD ________________________________ ______________ 74 gn)iKySe AKe(-dtuftiihlSpmA ________________________________ _____________________ 74 )K SgFn(iyeK-tf iyhcSneuqerF ________________________________ ______________________ 75 )gKnSiPy(eK- tefsiahhSP ________________________________ _________________________ 75 gni yeesKahP/ycneuq eyrrFa-M ________________________________ _____________________ 75 esaghnPi-yeedKutilpmA ________________________________ __________________________ 76 yticapaC ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 76 muminiM tfihS gniyeK)KSM( ________________________________ _____________________ 77 slangi Slatigi Dhti wata DgolanA ________________________________ ______________ 77 Sampling ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 78 Encoding ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 78 latigi D-latigiD ________________________________ ____________________________ 79 ytimruasPkcehC ________________________________ ________________________________ _ 80 retpa7hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 81 gnixelpitluM ________________________________ _______________________________ 81 Frequency Domain Multiplexing ________________________________ ____________________ 81 Time Domain Multiplexing ________________________________ ________________________ 82 Spread Spectrum Multiplexing ________________________________ ______________________ 82 )NA Ls(krowt eaNe rlAacoL ________________________________ _________________ 83 ygolopoT ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 83 slocotorP ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 84 )sNA Ws(krowt eaNe reAdiW ________________________________ ________________ 84 2 skrow ta eee NrddAieWxiF ________________________________ _________________________ 84 ralulslkerCowteN ________________________________ ________________________________ 85 skr oewttielNletaS ________________________________ ________________________________ 85 retpa8hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 87 noitarep Of oselpicnirP ________________________________ ______________________ 87 noitazinahceM ________________________________ _____________________________ 89 ecnamrofre pradaR ________________________________ _________________________ 95 Pulse Width ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 95 )F RyPc(neuq enroFitite peesRluP ________________________________ ___________________ 97 ycne urqaedraFR ________________________________ ________________________________ _ 98 noitauq Eegna Rmumixa MlaciteroehT ________________________________ _________ 99 retpa9hC ________________________________ ____________________________ 101 noitarep Of oelpicnirP ________________________________ ______________________ 101 rada r)WCMF (eva Wsuounitno Cdetaludo MycneuqerF _________________________ 104 retpa0h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 109 noitanimircsi Dyticole VlaidaR ________________________________ _______________ 109 Differentiation ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 109 Moving Target Indicator (MTI) ________________________________ ____________________ 110 es lruePlpproaDdaR ________________________________ _____________________________ 112 Limitations ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 113 rada Rnoitulose RhgiH ________________________________ _____________________ 115 noisse repsmlouCP ________________________________ ______________________________ 115 citehtn yeSrutrepA radaR)RAS( ________________________________ ___________________ 116 es rceivtn eIehrtuntyrSe prAadaR)RASI( ________________________________ ____________ 118 rada Ryarr AdesahP ________________________________ _______________________ 119 retpa1h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 123 mets ygSnikca roTvr erSadaR ________________________________ _______________ 123 gnikcar TegnaR ________________________________ ___________________________ 128 )SW Tn(acS-elihW-kcarT ________________________________ ___________________ 129 gnikcar TyarrA-desahP ________________________________ ____________________ 132 skrowte NgnikcarT ________________________________ ________________________ 133 retpa2h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 135 murtcep Scitengamortcel EehT ________________________________ ______________ 135 3 noitaid alRacitpO-ortce l fEsoecruoS ________________________________ _________ 137 Thermal Radiators ________________________________ ______________________________ 137 srota iedvaiRtceleS ________________________________ ______________________________ 141 retpa3h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 145 gnidaerpS ________________________________ ________________________________ 146 e ctrnuiooSP ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 146 naitrebmaLecruoS ________________________________ ______________________________ 147 gnirettacS/noitprosbA ________________________________ ______________________ 148 ecnedn en pofeioDtaun entotA htgnelevaW ________________________________ __________ 149 )sw’arLeu g nue oogniBnot(aa Ruen cefntoetdAnepeD ________________________________ _ 149 xul Fdetcello CehT ________________________________ ________________________ 151 Aperture ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 151 Bandwidth Factor, F ________________________________ _____________________________ 152 noitauq Eegna RmumixaM ________________________________ __________________ 154 retpa4h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 157 )VOF (wei Vf odlei FehT ________________________________ ___________________ 157 suco Ff ohtpeD ________________________________ ____________________________ 160 srosn egSnira t.S sgvninnacS ________________________________ ________________ 161 noituloseR ________________________________ _______________________________ 163 laintoaiptSuloseR ________________________________ _______________________________ 163 Thermal Resolution ________________________________ _____________________________ 164 Spatial and Thermal Resolution, MRTD ________________________________ _____________ 164 smetsy S)TSRI (gnikcar Tdn ahcrae SderarfnI ________________________________ _ 166 Triangulation (passive) ________________________________ ___________________________ 166 resaL rednif-egnar evitca-evissap()noitanibmoc ________________________________ _______ 167 smets y gSnigam Idna BelbisiV ________________________________ ______________ 167 Magnification ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 167 Stadimeter Ranging ________________________________ _____________________________ 170 Light Amplification ________________________________ _____________________________ 171 Laser Target Illumination ________________________________ _________________________ 172 retpa5h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 175 sev acWitsuocA ________________________________ ___________________________ 176 noitagapdoerePpS ________________________________ ______________________________ 177 )L PlSe( veerLuss edrnPuoS ________________________________ _______________________ 178 selre uvgdsennsLiuenoriSPbmoC ________________________________ __________________ 179 shta PnoitagaporP ________________________________ _________________________ 181 )P VeSl(if oyrtPico ldenV ueohST ________________________________ __________________ 181 4 yaRgnicarT ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 184 retpa6h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 191 secruoS ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 191 ervaintocSA ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 191 evriasnsoaSP ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 192 e stinoeNibmA ________________________________ ________________________________ _ 193 esioN-fleS ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 196 ygre ncEitsuo c fAnooitceteD ________________________________ ________________ 197 gnimrof-maeB ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 197 Detection Criterion ________________________________ ______________________________ 198 alumro Fsso LnoissimsnarT ________________________________ _________________ 199 tcef feEgnaR ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 199 Absorption/Scattering ________________________________ ____________________________ 202 sreeshstoOl ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 203 tire Mf oerugiF ________________________________ ___________________________ 204 retpa7h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 209 ran oeSvitcA ________________________________ _____________________________ 209 Transmitter ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 209 Transducer Array ________________________________ _______________________________ 210 rosse cgonriPmrofmaeB ________________________________ __________________________ 210 rexelpuD ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 211 Synchronizer ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 211 revieceR ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 211 yalpsiD ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 212 smets yrSan oeSvissaP ________________________________ _____________________ 213 ya rernAohpordyH ________________________________ ______________________________ 213 rosse cgonriPmrofmaeB ________________________________ __________________________ 214 ya ldpnsaibDdaorB ________________________________ ______________________________ 216 rezy lyacnnAeuqerF ________________________________ _____________________________ 216 y adlnpasbiwDorraN ________________________________ _____________________________ 217 )SDV (rano Shtpe DelbairaV ________________________________ ________________ 219 )SSA Ts(mets yrSan oySar rdAewoT ________________________________ _________ 219 syoubonoS ________________________________ _______________________________ 221 ran ocSitatsiB ________________________________ ____________________________ 222 noitcet ecDitsuocA-noN ________________________________ _____________________ 223 Visual ________________________________ ________________________________ ________ 223 Radar ________________________________ ________________________________ _________ 223 Infrared Detection ________________________________ _______________________________ 223 5 )nDoAiMt (cyel tacemiDotneAngaM ________________________________ _______________ 224 retpa8h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 225 smets ypSo odLeso ldC nnaepO ________________________________ ______________ 225 noitcnu Frefsnar TehT ________________________________ _____________________ 227 esnops emRetsyS ________________________________ __________________________ 229 retpa9h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 233 esah P)tsooB (laitinI ________________________________ _______________________ 234 esah Pesruoc-diM ________________________________ _________________________ 236 esah PlanimreT ________________________________ ___________________________ 236 retpa0h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 241 metsy Sgninoitiso PlabolG ________________________________ __________________ 241 Principle of Operation ________________________________ ____________________________ 241 stnenop mmoeCtsyS ________________________________ _____________________________ 244 smetsy Snoitagiva NlaitrenI ________________________________ _________________ 246 Principle of Operation ________________________________ ____________________________ 246 retpa1h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 251 scitsill arBoiretnI ________________________________ __________________________ 251 tsneaplylTeporP ________________________________ ________________________________ 252 gnilfiR ________________________________ ________________________________ ________ 255 scitsill arBoiretxE ________________________________ _________________________ 257 ytivarG ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 257 sec rcoiFmanydoreA ________________________________ _____________________________ 257 ytili bcaitmSanydoreA ________________________________ ___________________________ 258 Drift ________________________________ ________________________________ __________ 260 e csriolFoiroC ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 260 srorr EgnimiA ________________________________ ____________________________ 261 retpa2h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 263 snoitca eeRvisolpxE ________________________________ ________________________ 263 sevisolp x fEhotgnertS ________________________________ ______________________ 266 sevisolp x fEsoeirogetaC ________________________________ ____________________ 268 noitcae Revisolpx Eeh tf onoitaitinI ________________________________ ___________ 268 retpa3h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 271 noitcurtsno CdaehraW ________________________________ _____________________ 271 6 stcef ftEsalB ________________________________ ______________________________ 272 stceff Etsal BgnitciderP ________________________________ _____________________ 274 sdaehra WnoitatnemgarF ________________________________ ___________________ 276 e ghynttai iRwnc oonilitecVudeR ________________________________ __________________ 278 retpa4h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 281 ytilibaile RdaehraW ________________________________ _______________________ 281 P (lli Kf oytilibaborP ) ________________________________ _____________________ 284 k elbabor Prorr EralucriC ________________________________ ____________________ 285 egama Df osleveL ________________________________ _________________________ 285 sdaehra Wtceff Etsal Bro fairetir CegamaD ________________________________ ____ 286 sdaehra Wnoitatnemgar Fro fairetir CegamaD ________________________________ _ 289 Personnel ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 289 Aircraft ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 290 deromrsAelciheV ________________________________ _______________________________ 290 elbaborP rebmuN fo stnemgarF gnittiH ehttegraT ________________________________ _____ 290 retpa5h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 293 sdaehr a gWnicreiP-romrA ________________________________ _________________ 293 )sPrFoEt(ar td eeynmlerePovFisolpxE ________________________________ _______________ 293 Kinetic Energy Penetrators ________________________________ ________________________ 295 )EA Fe(visolp xrEiA-leuF ________________________________ ___________________ 296 sdaehra WyraidnecnI ________________________________ ______________________ 296 retpa6h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 297 snoisolp xrEetawrednU ________________________________ _____________________ 297 seodeproT ________________________________ _______________________________ 299 seni MaeS ________________________________ ________________________________ 301 gnirael CeniM ________________________________ ____________________________ 304 retpa7h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 307 noitarep Of oselpicnirP ________________________________ _____________________ 307 snoit cn ao neidoRsni uasnFseie FwetcenBere fefhiTD ________________________________ __ 308 daehra Wnoissi Faf onoitazinahceM ________________________________ __________ 310 The simplest warhead design: gun-type ________________________________ _____________ 311 stne mdnfneaoogveiiohssrrsepaidmwfI ________________________________ _____________ 312 daehra Wnoisu Faf onoitazinahceM ________________________________ __________ 313 7 yte fsanSop areaWelcuN ________________________________ __________________________ 314 retpa8h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 317 ev atWsa leBhT ________________________________ ___________________________ 317 eslu PlamrehT ________________________________ ____________________________ 320 noitaida RraelcuN ________________________________ _________________________ 321 stcef frEehtO ________________________________ _____________________________ 322 epy Ttsru By bstceff Enoisolpx Eraelcu Nn inoitairaV ___________________________ 322 Air Burst ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 322 High Altitude Burst ________________________________ ______________________________ 322 tescraufBruS ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 322 Underground Burst ________________________________ ______________________________ 323 retawrednUtsruB ________________________________ _______________________________ 323 serusa e eMvisnef e kDcat t rAaelcuN ________________________________ _________ 323 stne vfeEocneuqeS ________________________________ ______________________________ 323 sno i ytftcoiAro i:rsPerus aeevMisnefeD ________________________________ _____________ 323 retpa9h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 325 noitaida Rf osepyT ________________________________ ________________________ 326 Gamma ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 326 Neutron ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 326 ateB ________________________________ ________________________________ __________ 327 Alpha ________________________________ ________________________________ _________ 327 noitaida RgnirusaeM ________________________________ _______________________ 328 e rsu tsfiaoneUm ________________________________ ________________________________ 329 stc ecf iftEamoS ________________________________ ________________________________ 330 lacini l,Ce-sbouDS 0 ot 001mer ________________________________ ____________________ 331 citueparehT ,esoD 001 ot 0001mer ________________________________ _________________ 331 evitaillaP ,esoD > 0001mer ________________________________ _______________________ 332 noitaida Rgnizino Io terusopx Emor fgnitluse rstceff Ehtlae HelbaborP _____________ 332 sdradnat SnoitcetorP ________________________________ _______________________ 333 retpa0h3C ________________________________ ___________________________ 341 noiretir CegamaD ________________________________ _________________________ 341 noitcarffginDidaoL ________________________________ _____________________________ 341 Drag Loading ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 342 Fires/Burns ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 342 Radiation ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 343 stceff Etsal Braelcu NgnitciderP ________________________________ ______________ 343 8