Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2417 SubseriesofLectureNotesinComputerScience EditedbyJ.G.CarbonellandJ.Siekmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science EditedbyG.Goos,J.Hartmanis,andJ.vanLeeuwen 3 Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Barcelona HongKong London Milan Paris Tokyo Mitsuru Ishizuka Abdul Sattar (Eds.) PRICAI 2002: Trends in Artificial Intelligence 7thPacificRimInternationalConferenceonArtificialIntelligence Tokyo,Japan,August18-22,2002 Proceedings 1 3 SeriesEditors JaimeG.Carbonell,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA Jo¨rgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbru¨cken,Germany VolumeEditors MitsuruIshizuka UniversityofTokyo,SchoolofInformationScienceandTechnology DepartmentofInformationandCommunicationEngineering 7-3-1Hongo,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo113-8656,Japan E-mail:[email protected] AbdulSattar GriffithUniversity,SchoolofInformationTechnology KnowledgeRepresentationandReasoningUnit(KRRU) FacultyofEngineeringandInformationTechnology PMB50GoldCoastMailCentre Queensland9726Australia E-mail:[email protected] Cataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor DieDeutscheBibliothek-CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Trendsinartificialintelligence:proceedings/PRICAI2002,7thPacific; RimInternationalConferenceonArtificialIntelligence,Tokyo,Japan, August18-22,2002.MitsuruIshizuka;AbdulSattar(ed.).-Berlin; Heidelberg;NewYork;Barcelona;HongKong;London;Milan;Paris; Tokyo:Springer,2002 (Lecturenotesincomputerscience;Vol.2417:Lecturenotesin artificialintelligence) ISBN3-540-44038-0 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2 ISSN0302-9743 ISBN3-540-44038-0Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer-Verlag.Violationsare liableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork, amemberofBertelsmannSpringerScience+BusinessMediaGmbH http://www.springer.de ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2002 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyPTP-Berlin,StefanSossnae.K. Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:10873772 06/3142 543210 Preface The Pacific Rim International Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI) are biennial international events. The PRICAI series aims at stimulating re- search by promoting exchange and cross-fertilization of ideas among different branches of Artificial Intelligence. It also provides a common forum for resear- chers and practitioners in various fields of AI to exchange new ideas and share their experience. This volume contains the proceedings of the 7th Pacific Rim Internatio- nal Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI 2002) held in Tokyo, Japan. PRICAI2002received161submissionsfrom25countries.Fromthese,57papers (35%) were accepted for presentation and are included in this volume. Over 30 papers were accepted for poster presentations, and a 1-page abstract for each poster is included in this volume. All submitted papers were refereed by two or more reviewers selected by the Program Committee members. The reviewers’ comments were carefully examined and discussed by the members of the Pro- gram Committee to ensure fairness and consistency in the selection process. The papers in this volume give an indication of new trends in Artificial Intelligence. The topics covered include AI Foundations, Knowledge Represen- tation and Reasoning, Constraint Satisfaction, Machine Learning, Knowledge AcquisitionandManagement,AgentsandTheirApplications,NeuralNetworks, Document Analysis and Categorization, Internet/Web Intelligence, Multimedia and Emotion, Intelligent Robots, and Machine Perception. Thetechnicalprogramcomprisedtwodaysofworkshopsandtutorials,follo- wed by paper sessions, invited talks, and special sessions. The invited speakers, Prof. Norman Foo (Univ. New South Wales), Prof. Eduard Hovy (USC/ISI), Prof.MichealPazzani(UCIrvine/Adaptiveinfo),Dr.ThomasRist(DFKI),and Prof. Ryohei Nakatsu (ATR/Kwansei-Gakuin Univ.), are internationally distin- guished researchers. We thank them for also preparing papers on their talks. These papers are included in these proceedings. The success of a conference depends on support and cooperation from many individuals and organizations; PRICAI 2002 was no exception. The PRICAI 2002conferencewassponsoredbytheJapaneseSocietyforArtificialIntelligence (JSAI), in cooperation with 12 other academic institutes. Support from the Na- tional Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan, is also gratefully acknowledged. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the authors, Program Com- mittee members, reviewers and fellow members of the Conference Committee for their time and effort spent on making PRICAI 2002 a successful and enjoya- bleconference.ThanksalsogotoMauricePagnuccoforcoordinatingworkshops and organizing a special session on workshop summaries, and to Koichi Hori for coordinatingtutorials.WealsothankthePRICAIsteeringcommitteeforgiving us an opportunity to organize the program of PRICAI 2002. VI Preface Finally, we thank Springer-Verlag and its Computer Science Editor, Alfred Hofmann, Erika Siebert-Cole, and Anna Kramer, for efficient assistance in pu- blishing these proceedings of PRICAI 2002 as a volume in its Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence series. Also, Junichiro Mori of the University of Tokyo helped us in preparing the files for this volume. August 2002 Mitsuru Ishizuka Abdul Sattar Organization PRICAI 2002 was organized by the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI),andheldattheNationalCenterofScienceinTokyo,Japan,August18– 22,2002.SixworkshopsalsotookplacejointlywiththemainPRICAIconference. Conference Committee General Chair: Hozumi Tanaka (Tokyo Inst. of Tech, Japan) Organizing Chair: Takao Terano (Tsukuba Univ., Japan) Program Co-chairs: Mitsuru Ishizuka (Univ. of Tokyo, Japan) Abdul Sattar (Griffith Univ., Australia) Workshop Chair: Maurice Pagnucco (Univ. of New South Wales, Australia) Tutorial Chair: Koichi Hori (Univ. of Tokyo, Japan) Finance Co-Chairs: Masaaki Okochi (IBM Japan) Fumihiro Maruyama (Fujitsu Laboratories, Japan) Publicity Co-chairs: Hideki Asoh (AIST, Japan) Hideaki Takeda (National Institute of Informatics, Japan) Local Arrangement Co-chairs: Katsumi Nitta (Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan) Hideaki Takeda (National Institute of Informatics, Japan) Secretariat: Procom International, Japan VIII Organization Program Committee Hideki Asoh Helmut Prendinger Keith C.C. Chan M. Sasikumar Joongmin Choi A. Sattar (Co-chair) Jim Delgrande Arul Siromoney David Dowe Von-Wun Soo George Ferguson Yasuyuki Sumi Scott Goodwin Hideaki Takeda Hans Guesgen Takao Terano Shun-Chin Hsu Takenobu Tokunaga M. Ishizuka (Co-chair) Sveta Venkatesh Boonserm Kijsirikul Wayne Wobcke Alfred Kobsa Hyun S. Yang Dekang Lin Roland Yap Chunnian Liu Wai-Kiang Yeap John Lloyd Suk I. Yoo Chee-Kit Looi Zaharin Yusoff Dickson Lukose Chengqi Zhang Abhaya Nayak Ming Zhou Masayuki Numao Referees Shotaro Akaho Yllias Chali Jianfeng Gao Takeuchi Akira Cherry Chan C. U. Garcia James Allen Luca Chittaro N. Gautham Azat Arslanov Sung-Bae Cho Patrick Gebhard S. Arunkumar P. Chongstitvatana Aditya Ghose Hideki Asoh Greg Collie Ranadhir Ghosh Mike Bain Nigel Collier Scott Goodwin Seungryang Bang Joshua Comley Rajeev Gore Mike Barley Jirapun Daengdej Hans Guesgen NadiaBianchi-Berthouze James Delgrande Jens Happe Adrian Bickerstaffe Guozhu Dong Yoichi Hayashi Katalin Bimbo David Dowe Martin Henz Michael Blumenstein Myrosia Dzikovska Shoji Hirano Pierre Boulos George Ferguson Cheng-Seen Ho John Bui Leigh Fitzgibbon Kahlil Hodgson Hyeran Byun Norman Foo Shinichi Honiden Jiannong Cao Ada Fu Lucas Hope Longbing Cao Li-Chen Fu Maw-Kae Hor Organization IX Chun-Nan Hsu Yau-Hwang Kuo Kavitha Mohanraj Shun-Chin Hsu Rex Kwok Jun Morimoto Joshua Huang Peng Lam Yoichi Motomura Eva Hudlicka Bogju Lee Noboru Murata Aaron Hunter Eun-seok Lee Shiv Nagarajan Kentaro Inui Geunbae Lee Kumiyo Nakakoji Kevin Irwig Hahn-Ming Lee Abhaya Nayak Takashi Ishikawa Jaeho Lee Eric Neufeld Mitsuru Ishizuka Lyndon Lee Jianyun Nie Takayuki Ito Lee Minho Kazushi Nishimoto Koji Iwanuma Soowon Lee Kyung-Whan Oh Makoto Iwayama Wei Li Sangrok Oh Kiyoshi Izumi Yuefeng Li Hayato Ohwada Noriaki Izumi Marc Light Osamu Okada Margaret Jefferies Ardissono Liliana Takashi Okada Dong Hong Ji Chih-Jen Lin Manabu Okumura Jesse Jin Dekang Lin Shigeru Omatsu Li Jinyan Feng-Tse Lin Cheng Soon Ong Murray Jorgensen Shun-Shii Lin Mehmet Orgun A. Kannan Cheng-Yuan Liou Maurice Pagnucco B.C.M. Kao Huan Liu Wanlin Pang Harish Karnick Jiming Liu Patrick Pantel Nobuo Kawaguchi Jyi-shane Liu Jong C. Park Shinjiro Kawato Rey-Long Liu Young-Taek Park Ed Kazmierczak John Lloyd B.V. Pawar Boonserm Kijsirikul Ute Loerch Adrian Pearce Byungkook Kim Chee-Kit Looi Catherine Pelachaud Hojoon Kim Robert Luk Du Peng Incheol Kim Dickson Lukose Pushkar Piggott Jeonghoon Kim V. Uma Maheswari Marie Piron Jonghwan Kim Enes Makalic Yusuf Pisan Juntae Kim Hitoshi Matsubara Ravi Prakash Minkoo Kim Shigeo Matsubara Helmut Prendinger Svetlana Kiritchenko Tomoko Matsui Jefferson Provost Yasuhiko Kitamura Yoshio Matsumoto Wayne Pullan Dong-il Ko Yutaka Matsuo Pat Riddle Ming-Tat Ko Eric McCreath Malcolm Ryan Alfred Kobsa K.M. Mehata Walid Saba Tang Enya Kong Robert Mercer Santi Saeyor Sang Hoe Koo Alessandro Micarelli Sunita Sarawagi Hyung Joon Kook Kyonho Min Ichiro Sato Stefan Kopp David Mitchell Ken Satoh Kevin Korb Pabitra Mitra Abdul Sattar Olena Kravchuk Satoru Miyano Matthias Scheutz Rob Kremer Takahiro Miyashita Oliver Schulte X Organization Bart Selman Joel Tetreault Michael Winikoff Kiyoaki Shirai T. Theeramunkong Wayne Wobcke Arul Siromoney Sylvie Thiebaux Andrew Wong John Slaney John Thornton Lung-Hsiang Wong Tony Smith Nuttakorn Thubthong Samuel Wong Von-Wun Soo Kai Ming Ting Kenji Yamanishi Prem Sreenivasan Paul Treffner Hyunseung Yang Uma Srinivasan Andre Trudel Yiyu Yao D.K. Subrahmanian Kwok Ching Tsui Roland Yap R.K. Subramanian Anthony Tung Wai Yeap Masanori Sugimoto Charles Twardy Kazutaka Yokota Chuen-Tsai Sun Akira Utsumi Ken-ichi Yoshida Einoshin Suzuki Al Valdes Masaharu Yoshioka Joe Suzuki Svetha Venkatesh Soe-Tsyr Yuan Kazuya Takabatake Brijesh Verma Zarin Yusof Toru Takahashi Bao Vo Byoung-Tak Zhang Yasufumi Takama Toby Walsh Chengqi Zhang Shiro Takata Huaiqing Wang Dongmo Zhang Yoshiaki Takata Xiaofeng Wang Xiaolong Zhang Hideaki Takeda Ying-Hong Wang Yan Zhang Peter Tan Takashi Washio Zili Zhang Chularat Tanprasert Ian Watson Jun Zhao Ahmed Tawfik Lu Si Wei Ning Zhong Kazunori Terada Geoff West Lingzhong Zhou Takao Terano Kay Wiese Ingrid Zukerman Organizing Committee Hozumi Tanaka (Tokyo Inst. of Tech) Takao Terano (Tsukuba Univ.) Mitsuru Ishizuka (Univ. of Tokyo) Koichi Hori (Univ. of Tokyo) Naomichi Sueda (Toshiba) Masaaki Okochi (IBM Japan) Norihiro Hagita (NTT) Hideki Asoh (AIST) Atsushi Nagasaka (Oki) Kazunori Ueda (Waseda Univ.) Katsumi Nitta (Tokyo Inst. of Tech.) Masayuki Numao (Tokyo Inst. of Tech.) Hideaki Takeda (National Inst. of Informatics) Shinichi Honiden (National Inst. of Informatics) Fumihiro Maruyama (Fujitsu Laboratories) Kazuhide Iwata (JSAI)