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Pretext for mass murder: the September 30th Movement and Suharto's coup d'état in Indonesia PDF

344 Pages·2006·1.974 MB·English
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Pretext for Mass Murder new perspectives in southeast asian studies Series Editors Alfred W. McCoy Kris Olds (Managing Editor) R. Anderson Sutton Thongchai Winichakul Associate Editors Warwick H. Anderson Katherine Bowie Ian Coxhead Michael Cullinane Paul D. Hutchcroft Courtney Johnson Pretext for Mass Murder The September 30th Movement and Suharto’s Coup d’État in Indonesia t John Roosa the university of wisconsin press This book was published with the support of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and the Anonymous Fund for the Humanities of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The University of Wisconsin Press 1930 Monroe Street Madison, Wisconsin 53711 www.wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/ 3 Henrietta Street London WC2E 8LU, England Copyright © 2006 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System All rights reserved 1 3 5 4 2 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Roosa, John. Pretext for mass murder : the September 30th Movement and Suharto’s Coup d’état in Indonesia / John Roosa. p. cm.—(New perspectives in Southeast Asian studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-299-22030-3 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN 0-299-22034-6 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Gerakan Tigapuluh September. 2. Indonesia—History—Coup d’état, 1965. 3. Partai Komunis Indonesia. 4. Indonesia—Politics and government—1950–1966. I. Title. II. Title: September 30th Movement and Suharto’s Coup d’état in Indonesia. III. Series. DS644.32.R66 2006 959.803´6—dc22 2006010196 Tomy parents Table of Contents List ofIllustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 3 1 The Incoherence of the Facts 34 2 Interpretations of the Movement 61 3 The Supardjo Document 82 4 Sjam and the Special Bureau 117 5 Aidit, the PKI, and the Movement 139 6 Suharto, the Indonesian Army, and the United States 176 7 Assembling a New Narrative 202 Appendixes 1 Some Factors That Influenced the Defeat of “the September 30th Movement” as Viewed from a Military Perspective (1966), by Brigadier General Supardjo 227 2 The Testimony of Sjam (1967) 245 Notes 261 Bibliography 305 Index 319 vii List of Illustrations Maps 1 Jakarta, 1965 2 2 Merdeka Square 36 3 Halim Air Force Base and Lubang Buaya 43 Photographs and Cartoons 1 Sacred Pancasila Monument 8 2 Detail of Sacred Pancasila Monument bas-relief 9 3 Museum of PKI Treason 11 4 Detail of Sacred Pancasila Monument bas-relief 23 5 Supardjo and Ibu Supardjo, ca. 1962 87 6 Cartoon commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the nation 169 7 Cartoon supporting the September 30th Movement 171 8 Cartoon: “This week’s film” 172 9 Anti-PKI cartoon 199 Tables and Figures 1 Army General Staff 37 2 Military and Civilian Personnel in the September 30th Movement 46 3 Organizational Structure of the PKI 147 ix

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