ARR AL pea ALT IL otal WRT IL alll I Lge ph staly Sema | pahutlelbN |. patlaglalbY’ W. pohoxt PRESTRESSED CONCRETE A Fundamental Approach Fourth Edition Edward G. Nawy Distniguishod Prcteswor Decartmont ot Ct and Exvkonmontal gineering Alagats, The Slate Univers of New Jersey brary of Compo Catalagingin-Pebistion Dat ane Baul here cone: euéamoutl appl : dwar. ay. (Gertie ell intscatioal seve inn npr and ‘eineting mechanish NaNO SORNLT 1 Pressed enuattecunshuséen, 1. ie Tasty hu GAY iiedt ioe Prien and Boia Dima BCS Manta fran eqns Boe Esra Bacer Fon sito: Erm Katchocer ‘Vie Pride and cet Pancton aod ‘Manaluurhyg Skt bate Risa Excclle Ramin Poe Voie), anaving Pat nia George seamen Romeo fa Cove ‘Avedon Greg Deter Sater Desgnen Bruce Rewscioa, Manofactaine Manse. Tody Paiste Mawufattine Bigot: Lond Cac boing Mansae Molt tek “Atwne de Cover Shawoia a udeing he Ken Mourse River si, Valen (1, cable xine rade ‘une Mwace Rite Jn Abenteuer fe che Te os laden ae ple 4 fe pane oss aad aa spt al lama eran S12 eet ino Sete The cin py ae Thor tine cia sides ita gt sutin alsyaern: The pla hecomesrmie eh oe nV serach the window eal: Omar Otho Depastinct of Trangetatn, Desir: ie Eneoecing a, Talla Peep 2112081895, 19 hy Peano secon. Toe Upc ate ier Mew le 7458 All ghus sere. Nusa oi Sook any be opredace, ie ay ft of hy anf scan. withoue seman ia “Theat sul pier ofthis ble have wed hte ort n meparng tg bngk, hog toe neds te <> earch sling of th aca aa progres to Ulan reeset. The abbr as Debit nae ran of +a Hd agreed ox pes nah equ coe prea the aucun uti Futana es took, The schol ote ase ny velo eed nv ‘Trsoesin segs #1, Sy el helen, peinrmsnce cr ae these pas Prints athe Cato States Amarin woe tes awa Sek 0-33-08392-7 oaron Hunstion LM Londo oan Euron Aosta Pe Lit, Say [eat Causion Signpost Lid Pear Euclm NOR Ait C8, Hons Keg Fearn Fauaton Guang, ly Teron fear Uturaitn de Moai, Sede ‘rn caioo fuga Toke Fesrai Paventog Males, PS Lid [Hedeun Fduetion, ps0 Saf8i Bar Mew aay To Rachel E, Nawy For her high-timit stale of stress endurance over the years, which made the writing of this book in lis several editions a reality. eons as ess, Sa sr Gyan Evottenn sn Fe snne MSCS mf Hal Biter ‘Accomm Conran Sata Anata samen ens acre wad tne Control a Siwsre, 2 ruc Glomeaa Procedure n Busi Anat Dare. enor of rural Denar Broce fnracton Sincere Bing (eam durturnldngtie 2 Crane: Ogata of Stes (Chama at Cate, Besieged Srutree Caansde st s the af and Scenes of Gonchar {Garscnne, Be Edt at Tits ame At, Peace Management for Canstnuan Hea sae Pagina chant, de Von ine Huvte san Riv nds to Geo agaecine Hoven, Diramuen 3 Sates onmeron, Lies Cnt Bade Set Denon, 3 iCrocarts Soret), Pandan de Ants od Dadi of Shall Suu MacGracon, Arigoend oncow: Mechuaes and Bevin 3 Mamta, tontron" Snucnen, Proper and Mais MercanSeuchonl Engng hawt Finke Doone Marnier sa. Denn aut Plann Egiaaring Some Beans are Vers oer 2 Naw praeaed Concrete, a avrcdeinoreed Conve} Pantani Approgel Pos. Enunerng Becher ot Stee enc faratn nae Mechs of Sets Pon. Macha of Marty 0 Sovnns etc alse of Sears Sree a ces treed Sosa hig 2 Base aun swe dbadsony Stra ates Wiesvvr ann kno Be Blogente Aas rosie anon Susann Dima by Pte Bee hat awry Empincering Properton Sot Yase, Pate oma Sinead Anata CONTENTS PREFACE xvil BASIC CONCEPTS 2 tetsion 1 111 Comparison wth Reinfrsaa Concrete 2 112 Esenomisco! Pretonsod Coneele 4 42 Hstncal Dewecsment of Prasiesing 8 1 BssieConcep.utPresvessing 7 8.1 Ittodycion 7 2 esc Concept Meso 19 M3 Cine Mathed 12 13a Lead Betneing Method 16 CCorsulaion of Fite Strscar i. Precioasod Baom 2ythe Bac Mathos. 12 Clna Campin aoa ea Baling Corastatonet 12 Stwoning Sueae Cones 79 iolonese 27 Probe 2 MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS FOR PRESTRESSING 31 21 corerate 21.1 Inacio 31 21 Varaicors Afaing he Cuatiy ¢ Conews 31 23 putas of Hardened Crnrla 32 22 sraseiain Guna of Canens 96 2 nis ofElasicly arc Chars in Comoreaiva Sangh wit Tine 36 P31 High-Suengh Coner 36 232 In| Canpraseve Sangin and Mush: 32 4 Gmep 43 Bat etoety of Creep a8 242 Pinmlogl Modala 45 25 Shnene 48 2.8 onpraeracsing ainfornsnl 59 2 Wrastessing atroroene £9 274 Typaecl anomie 38 272 Sese-ateved aed Lox-Ralavaion Wheeand eave St 273 ighTanele-Siengh Presteasing Bare $5 274 StesiFalsation “66 28 2a conten 27.5. Carasion and Detain f Sands 58 [AGI Maximum Pamasbie Steceas in Concrete an Reinforcement 59 28.1 Concrete Sesser in Flonura 2 2ui2, Prosassing Staal Grasses 58 ‘AASHTO Moe mur Parmssbi Sresaaa in Cancoks and Frieexcemant 6 2841 Conerate sieasea beers Cresp and Shinkage Losses 60 22 Concrete tenses al Serves Load ater Loesee 60 229.3, Puusossing See Sesto BAA AelshesPhaiy Valor 80 Precyuiny Sys th elas 68 20 Prolnsinig) 51 Zaz PostTensening «2 los Jacking Syeteris ws 204 Growing of Pose ‘hauler Preatreasing 70 Jentrmnopies. 70 PARTIAL LOSS OF PRESTRESS 73 Irreducion 72 Elsie Shoring o" Cone (£5) 75 24 Pratensonae Elemovts 13 S22. PostTensianed Elemants 78 Steal Svece Relation (Fr 3a Retain ines Computation a6 SA2ACIASCE Method of Aocountng br Relation Loss 60 ‘rasp Loss (€8)° 80 SA. Cemputeion sf GrospLoss. Shneage Lose (SH as 84 Cemputston ot Sivinkage Loss. 44 Loses Ove to Friion BS 389. Cornutt of Picton Lage 67 ‘Aushorage Soci Loess: (AL 32 372 Canputaion of Ancierage Soainy Luss 68 ‘Ghunge of Prosress Duo Bonding ola Meri (fal 99 Stopby-Stap Computation ofl Tina Deperder ys na 46-Tonsion Baan 90 ‘Step-b-Stap Computation ofl Tima-Dspurdert Lovee inn Pos-Tersicn Beara 36 Lung-Sum Computation of Time-Oppencent Lessin Presiess 98 Slitomtase Lass Expressions 100 Fara. Si Provraea Lose Example ‘01 FLEXURAL DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ELEMENTS 106 Soeetiane’ Gsciutéal Prope e! Sastion Components 106 Certenta 25 46 ae 422 Nsérum Secton Mus 108 ‘Suv coLoad Deslgn Execs 2 43.1 Vaible‘fenvos Coconticty 115 43.2 Vaible Tener Eocotiy wit Nc HelgM Linan 122 48.3 Cenaten Tonegn Eocanmaty 125 Proper Seal ct Boum Secnona ard Prerias, 120 4.9" General Guidelines 128 4142 Gwuss Ave, the Transtomod Section. ane ti Pravanee of Duce 20 443 Civelopea far fentanPlcatnant 130 434 Advarcapee of Cow ot Marped Tendon 445. Liming ercenticiy Envalopes 152 468 Prestessing Tendon E-weiopas 156 44.7. Remiciea of Prastass rama Noa Supls 198 nd Books a Siggen anmnorae Fass 138 451 Sie Distiion 13 482. Dovelopaert and Tera Leng in Prteneiored Members and Desc of 116° Anchorage Heiesent VA 459, PostTanainnedAachaga Zones: Lire Elestc and Sintanctle Thales, 144 454 Desig of rt aichoraga Raiforcement er Poot Ievslaned Beene 152 Flouratbecign ot rimeste Beane 138 432 uy neal Sih Cage 161 439. Eneetve Mega Wath 181 Surana tS. Sip Tih Agusta! Pract: Bandoe-Loa Design ot Presressna Members 162 LDesgh of Cormpsie Post ansonstPracassd Simply Supported Secon 16 Uniosie-stengh Fcurel Geeip 17 494) Caching Lond Moment 176 92 Pal Preavessing 179 {69.3 Ciacking Homan: Evziaios. 180 Lond arel Strang Fats Yet 4.105 Relabay ana Santi! Safety of Corarete Components 181 ‘Iba Facto and Sfaly Margins" 18 4111 Gonarl Pansies 364 4112 ACILaaaraelos Eoustone 185 44113. Deetgn engin va, Nominal Sent: Sings Renton Factor} 187 Lomit State i Flexo at U trate Ladin Bonded Moers: Dooompression oUbewisinad 188 4421 Ivodieon 188 4.129 The Equal: Rectangular Block and Nerrna!Nemant Stengm 199 4323 Ein Lins telson Analy ard sign 184 6124 Negobee HoenontRacstbaanie Gants as 182 PraliinaryUtrnte Uoad Dasign 202 Summary Stn by Sap Prades ina aire Been ofthe Peccood Members 204 Uninate Srenggh Desi of rece sted Simply Support Baam by Stain Compatity 208 ‘Stora Design of Boied Proshassad Simpy Suppated aa Using ‘meowinate Procecures 212, SI Roni Daalgn Soyeesion 216 {L741 81 FasaualGesign of Prestreccod Beams 218 Pane 221 SHEAR AND TORSIONAL STRENGTH DESIGN 223, 55 ution 29 Uolavior a Hennor cous Guus in Shows 724 otavor af Console Beans as Nonhornecin Sections 27 ‘Coneroa Beams wou: Diagonal Torsion Arner 278 Ss. Modes of Favara of Same wit Diagcrl Torsun incerear: 229 542 Flevurl Falta [F228 343. Dlagocatlenson tare Herat Sheae FS, 220 5.4 Shear Gorressicn Piva (ben Snaa’, WS, 235 ‘Seng Pra Soses 1 Preshaased Beams 232 581 FlenueShoa Sum (We) 208 582 Web Sisar Stem Vol” 206 553. Comoting alu of Ve Va fore Detominaian a wet Cor cote Svength V, xi \Web-Shear Reinforcement. 225 4k Wab Steal Paar usa Analogy 238 583 Umratonen Sie acespacing 8 Stmupe 211 ‘virile Seah in Cnmnpnve Constucen 242 A:2A_ Design ol Genie Aon. Ott Heintrsement Paceal Tesi Sessa in Fla fectlans ana Uasign of owe) Aae Vial See Sage loa gig oe empl Aci 750 nw: Feittorcemant Masi oe Carper: Ain iin we Iam 2A [Shear Sangh ad Weh-Shaay Sted ip ins Praoenaea Weems ‘Wels Show Staal Desir by Data's Proce 258 Decigr of Web Painforoerent iors PCI Steed Poul CConposis T-Boem 258, Brackets and Comets 23 1611 Shesr Fcton Fypoiness for Shosr Tranter in Gores 2A S182 Horizontal Eternal Fotos Ehect 268 S358 Saquenoe of Carel Ceaign Stine 26 S458 Desgnota Hracket oCorel 27C BASS. SICipioisions or Shoat in Prowtessed Concrete Bess. 272 BARB. Gl Sinn Dexigvot Pals Guame 278 Torsional avin at Samet 778 GGT nsducion 278 5.462. Fure Tore onin Pain Concrete Elements 270 Totton in Reinlorced arc Prest'eaned Canola Elemants 984 S171 Skaw-senang Ireory 236 S172 Space Yas Anaangy Ihsony 27 5173 Compression Fis Theaty "269 SATA gstay equitrun “as TPacry 2 517 Daegnet Presvecseo Coveret Heame Subjeciad tp Combined Teton, Sra, sraiBendeisin Accordarca vin the ACI S18-84 Coos 738 5.176 Shove Lapresion le Toon Equations US LDengr Pooadure tarCembines “arion and Shea 304 center Fo Dnuign of ab Rarrarement lx Combis Tendon and Shear in Procensed Baame 208 5.20. SIConbinaa Tolan and Sas Design of Pract Rr S17 INDETERMINATE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 924 6 Invocation 324 2 Disarantoes of untraiyin Prestessing 2 8. Tend Lagu fer Coninucus Beams 225 64 Ekle fralyes for Prostrase Cnty 641 ibossction 326 8.22 Scppor Depesemeat Metad 976 843 Ecuvalan Lana Metra 301 85 Exumsis loning Zanisly 231 85.1 Eft of Contnity cn Transformation ol Cine fr Draped Tenors 304 63.2 Enea of Conny on Transformation ot Cina fer Harpe Tenors 32 6.0 inser aration and Concordance of Tardone 8 {68.1 Vemoation of Tren Linear Tene’ommation Thecram #8 852 Concordance Hypthesos 12 6.4 Lnumate srongh and Lim Sat a: Feira of Contruous Beams 2 674 Goneral Considarations 22 6.77 Munn Radisibuton 335 63 Tenann Prfly Envalope snc Mocmentons 3c 63 Tenannavv4C Line Lacston m Contos Weems Sb 6.10. Tend Transennston ts Utes Aavariages ct Conanucy So? 6.11 Desig tor Conia Using Noopresessea Sele Suppor 6.12 indoorninala rans ang Pens AR 6.12.8 Generel Properas 70 ‘8422 Fores anstanmens Petal Fors aR 3.12.3 Paueatiante Pressina ear Peace N79 6124 Deegnet tresimsert Concrete Bonde Fess 379 6.13 Limit sign (Anaya) ol eeerminate Baame ard Frens 385 S141 Meinadnttepceed Rotate S86 ‘8137 ‘Dnlerminetione Paste Hinge Roane in Ceminuous Gears 280 S619 Pulaona Capaoiy at Plaste Hinges 282 5.11.4 Crnpitaton of Avieble Rotstonal Capacty 385, 8.195 Check for Pete Retson Senieratity 2A 6135. Tranevere Contin Rentorcamanl for Skat S87 6.18 Seieslon a Coniring Renforament 308 Peferenas 398 Proslme 401 CAMBER, DEFLECTION, AND CRACK CONTROL 402 7A tation 402 72 asic Assumponsin Deictian Catrlstians 409 75 Bll-Torn (hsanteneous) Detection of Unread ana aka Members 408 4 LoadDafecien Retetensnip FA2 Uneracked Sacnene 407 7 18 730 on 745 re 139 ia 7.39 Gxickud Seoione 411 ‘SherlTewn Dofavior at Servie Losa 417 7a4t_Erarale 73 Non-Gomposte Uncrackea Dounle T-Beam Detection 17 ‘Shest“arm Detect. of Crk Preston Bases. 47 TAB Short Tem Defieon of he Beart In Exanigla 2 Crckad 625 CConstution ct amert-cumvature lagna 424 Lng-Term Ete on Deiacton ana Gamer 420 77.1 BC Mumpters Mend 420 772 Incementa, Ten Stans Method «22 7-73. Apna Tivw-Seps Method 424 774 Computer Metis for Delco Evelsten 136 “775 Dellecion of Composte Beams 436 Potniseble Lins of Galslatea betheton $7 Long Tam Gander ana Ulta Calouanon ny tre PCI Murs Mea 85 Long-Term Caner and Uist ila hy rs arta “im taps Mabwnd 2 enya Camber and Mvction Gann the Apysoxials Time Steps Menon 52 Lange ama Deen of Ceposte DoutteT Cracked Beart 466 (Grating Rencvier an! Grad Contotin Prastersed Beams 42 TART vodveton 403 7-482. Muonateal Model Famulation tr Sarsioaay 788 Ryjeninns or etencened Boome A&A 784 Faqwegion or 2oatTensoved Baame 6 7388 ACI Nm God Provisions 487 ASA Long-Term Este on rack Wid Development 2s 7187 Tobie Croc Widhs 453 ‘rack With and Spacing Evaluation n Pretrsioned (eam Wine Re Steel $83 ‘rack Wich and Spacing Evaluates Pretrsloned | Saarn Containing Nonprestested Slee! 479 ‘Grick Wath and Spacing Eveluehow In Pretelaned [ean Centaning Nowpesiessed Mil ‘teal 471 CGrak Width and Spang Evehatcn for Pasian T-Gov'n Canahing Honpesbassad real 72 {rack Gontelby API Cae Prowse 478 SlDatectovand Cackieg Exprcscons 474 ‘SiDeteetor Conia 75 ‘1 Crack ono! 80 Pateraners 460 Protiems 431 PRESTRESSED COMPRESSION AND TENSION MEMBERS 484 aa aa Irwaducton 24 Pratrased Campressinn Vorb: Land-Momar Intastionin Caines ‘Sirengin teas Tack & 494 ‘Gpstenonal brace fra asgn of aleidar Pressed Canpressin Meio 0 CConemucton ot Nerina oe. Moment (,-A) ae Design (PA, Irsrachon Digan 4 Lira sat Bekins! Steer Long Prasrasead Golurns 409