Hiren Kumar Thakkar Chinmaya Kumar Dehury Prasan Kumar Sahoo Bharadwaj Veeravalli   Editors Predictive Analytics in Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Perspectives and Practices of Blockchain, IoT, and 5G Predictive Analytics in Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Hiren Kumar Thakkar • Chinmaya Kumar Dehury (cid:129) Prasan Kumar Sahoo (cid:129) Bharadwaj Veeravalli Editors Predictive Analytics in Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Perspectives and Practices of Blockchain, IoT, and 5G Editors HirenKumarThakkar ChinmayaKumarDehury DepartmentofComputerScienceand InstituteofComputerScience Engineering UniversityofTartu PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity Tartu,Estonia Gandhinagar,Gujarat,India PrasanKumarSahoo BharadwajVeeravalli DepartmentofComputerScienceand DepartmentofElectricalandComputer InformationEngineering Engineering ChangGungUniversity NationalUniversityofSingapore Guishan,Taiwan Singapore,Singapore ISBN978-3-031-18033-0 ISBN978-3-031-18034-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18034-7 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Intherecentpast,thenumberofconnecteddeviceshasgrownexponentially,leading toenormousamountofrawdatageneration.However,abundantamountofrawdata ismeaninglessunlessanalysedtominetheinformativepatterns.Inthisregard,raw dataneedtobeprocessandanalysedatdevicelevel(edgecomputing),networklevel (fogcomputing),andinthedatacentre(Cloudcomputing).Designinganefficient predictive algorithm is a challenging task at device level as well as network level consideringthelimitationsofcomputationpower.Onthecontrary,cloudcomputing supports massive computation capacity todesign an efficient predictive algorithm, but it suffers due to the high latency. Additionally, attempts are made to integrate the cross technologies such as blockchain, IoT, and 5G with cloud computing for better application designing and support. This book attempts to provide a comprehensivereviewofedge,fog,andcloudcomputingwithdetaileddescription on their applicability, limitations, and how each technology complements each other. Moreover, the book focuses on predictive analytics in cloud, fog, and edge computing as well as on perspectives and practices of blockchain, IoT, and 5G. It covers the domains such as healthcare security in cloud computing, watermarked medicalimagetransmissionoverthecloud,roleofblockchainincloudcomputing, cloud-based smart controlled environment designing, serverless data pipelines for IoT data analytics, impact of 5G technologies on cloud analytics, and 5G-enabled smartcityusingcloudenvironment. Gandhinagar,Gujarat,India HirenKumarThakkar Tartu,Estonia ChinmayaKumarDehury Guishan,Taiwan PrasanKumarSahoo Singapore,Singapore BharadwajVeeravalli v Acknowledgement We would like to first thank the Almighty for proving us the strength to pursue the idea and carry it forward to make a comprehensive edited book on the predictive analytics of cloud, fog, and edge computing. Our sincere thanks to all the contributors who have provided their valuable time, support, and timely contributions to make this book successful. We would also like to thank all the reviewers for their informative and constructive suggestions to the contributors to improve the chapters. Finally, we would like to thank our institutions, Pandit Deendayal Energy University (PDEU), India; University of Tartu, Estonia; Chang Gung University, Taiwan; and the National University of Singapore, for providing alltherequiredresourcesfordrafting,proofreading,andeditingthebook. vii Contents CollaborationofIoTandCloudComputingTowardsHealthcare Security............................................................................ 1 ShwetankKumar,AnjanaMishra,AmishaDutta,andAdityaRaj Robust, Reversible Medical Image Watermarking for TransmissionofMedicalImagesoverCloudinSmartIoTHealthcare.... 23 K. Jyothsna Devi, M. V. Jayanth Krishna, Priyanka Singh, José Santamaría,andParulBakaraniya TheRoleofBlockchaininCloudComputing................................. 37 HirenKumarThakkar,KirtirajsinhZala,NeelH.Dholakia,AdityaJajodia, andRajendrasinhJadeja AnalysisandPredictionofPlantGrowthinaCloud-BasedSmart SensorControlledEnvironment................................................ 61 Aritra Nandi, Arghyadeep Ghosh, Shivam Yadav, Yash Jaiswal, andGoneNeelakantam Cloud-BasedIoTControlledSystemModelforPlantDisease Monitoring........................................................................ 75 AritraNandi,AsmitaHobisyashi,ShivamYadav,andHirenMewada DesignandUsageofaDigitalE-PharmacyApplicationFramework...... 91 Shatabdi Raut, Samikshya Moharana, Soumya Sahoo, Roopal Jena, andPayalPatra Serverless Data Pipelines for IoT Data Analytics: A Cloud VendorsPerspectiveandSolutions............................................. 107 Shivananda Poojara, Chinmaya Kumar Dehury, Pelle Jakovits, andSatishNarayanaSrirama IntegrationofPredictiveAnalyticsandCloudComputingfor MentalHealthPrediction ....................................................... 133 AkashNag,MaddhujaSen,andJyotiradityaSaha ix x Contents Impactof5GTechnologiesonCloudAnalytics............................... 161 Kirtirajsinh Zala, Suraj Kothari, Sahil Rathod, Neel H. Dholakia, HirenKumarThakkar,andRajendrasinhJadeja IoT Based ECG-SCG Big Data Analysis Framework for ContinuousCardiacHealthMonitoringinCloudDataCenters ........... 177 HirenKumarThakkarandPrasanKumarSahoo AWorkload-AwareDataPlacementSchemeforHadoop-Enabled MapReduceCloudDataCenters............................................... 185 HirenKumarThakkar 5GEnabledSmartCityUsingCloudEnvironment.......................... 199 ParulBakaraniya,ShrinaPatel,andPriyankaSingh HardwareImplementationforSpikingNeuralNetworks onEdgeDevices .................................................................. 227 ThaoN.N.Nguyen,BharadwajVeeravalli,andXuanyaoFong Collaboration of IoT and Cloud Computing Towards Healthcare Security ShwetankKumar,AnjanaMishra,AmishaDutta,andAdityaRaj 1 Introduction With use of an internet connection, utility computing provides amenity in the fact that may be retrieved from anyplace on this planet. Internet of Things (IoT) as a platform gathers real-time data, makes it easier to examine and analyze obtained data, and so creates an interdependent environment that can be shared with a variety of stakeholders. The method valetudinarian and therapeutical personnel interrelateandworkonadaytodaybasisischanginginthehealth-caresector.The InternetofThings(IoT)revolutionwillbecriticalinlinkingabundanceofmodish items, tablets, apparel gadget, android, i-phone, etc. and cloud health apps using a variety of conveying procedure such as wireless detector networks, etc. Health UOIappsfluctuatefromforbearingobservationtopersistenceillnessmanagement will save healthcare costs while also improving the timeliness and efficiency of service.Becausedifferentdiseasesmightoccuratanytime,healthcareservicesare alwaysachallenge.IoThavebeenextensivelyusedtolinkaccessiblemedicalassets and assist patients with chronic conditions with dependable, effective, and smart healthcare services. Healthcare monitoring has made significant improvements. TheseaccomplishmentshaveprovedthevalueofIoTinhealthmanagementsystems anditsbrillianttimeahead[1]. The internet is now used by over 2 billion individuals all over the world for differentdomainssuchaswirelesssensornetworks[2],healthcare[3],androbotics etc. Kevin Ashton devises the idiom “Internet of Things” to describe growing worldwide Internet-based information service architecture. The Internet of Things combines ideas from pervasive, ubiquitous, and ambient computing, all of which havematuredoverthelasttwodecadesandhavenowreachedapointofmaturity. S.Kumar·A.Mishra((cid:2))·A.Dutta·A.Raj C.V.RamanGlobalUniversity,Bhubaneswar,Odisha,India ©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2023 1 H.K.Thakkaretal.(eds.),PredictiveAnalyticsinCloud,Fog,andEdgeComputing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18034-7_1 2 S.Kumaretal. The ‘Internet of Things,’ which will provide as a worldwide program to connect physical entity, things, and humans, authorizing new methods of functioning, interfacing, Interrelating, pleasing, and maintaining, will rule the future. UOI or IoT is based on notion of object hyperlinking, which promises people a modish, highlyaccessibleworldwithavastrangeofinteractivitywiththesurroundings.This shift from the Internet which is previously used for connecting end-user devices to internet used for interconnecting physical objects with humans will open a multiple business and market opportunities. The cloud and the Internet of Things are collectively reliant. To compensate for its technological limitations, IoT may takeadvantageoftheCloud’spracticallylimitlesscapabilitiesandresources(e.g., storage,processing,andenergy).IoTcanimprovethecloudbybroadeningitsreach toincludereal-worldobjectsandofferingaenormousnumberofnewassistancein adispersedandbenefitfromnew. UOI or IoT is a new solution that dispenses the transmission architecture that every innovation healthcare system need. While the Internet of Things may be employedinaextensiverangeofindustriesandimplementation,itsimportancein health management is apparent. Detector collecting patients’ vitals, primary care equipment,institution,healthcenters,rehabilitationdepartment,dotagehomes,and home automation all benefit from the Internet of Things’ core communications foundation. 2 Inspiration This system will allow for the analysis of communities and healthcare facilities, as well as the provision of information regarding healthcare outcomes to patients. Healthcare dataiscurrentlykeptinmassivedatabases anddisseminatedthrougha variety of electronic channels. Why, therefore, might such information pique the curiosity of well-organized, very deadly criminal gangs? These organizations can utilizetheinformationforavarietyofpurposes,includingblackmailingindividuals withinformationabouttheirailments,sellinginformationtomarketingcorporations for use in product advertising campaigns, and obtaining fake prescriptions by inventing forged identities. This motivation stems from the fact that IoT security has never been addressed using portable computing before. The quantities of data thatmaybegeneratedonadailybasisneedbothstorageandprocessing,whichis whycloudarchitectureisgainingpopularity.Asaresult,evaluatingtheconventional security systems usage of mobile computing ideas will become a future research directionstrend[4].TheomnipresentandwidespreadnatureofIoTdeviceswasthe primary impetus for doing this investigation. The fast growth of IoT devices and computersecurityneedstrongprotection.