George Grätzer Practical LATEX George Gra¨tzer Practical LAT X E 123 GeorgeGra¨tzer Toronto,ON,Canada Additionalmaterialtothisbookcanbedownloadedfromhttp://extras.springer.com ISBN978-3-319-06424-6 ISBN978-3-319-06425-3(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-06425-3 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014942524 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright. Allrights arereservedbythePublisher, whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned, specificallytherightsoftranslation, reprinting, reuseofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms orin any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnectionwith reviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecuted onacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Duplication ofthispublication or partsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation,inits currentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsforusemaybe obtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. Violationsareliabletoprosecutionunder therespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc. inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication, neither the authors northeeditors northepublisher canaccept anylegal responsibility foranyerrors or omissions that maybemade. Thepublisher makes nowarranty, express orimplied, withrespect tothe materialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Tomyfamily andespeciallythelittleones, Emma(9), Kate(7), Jay(2) Short Contents Introduction xv 1 MissionImpossible 1 2 Text 31 3 Textenvironments 51 4 Inlineformulas 61 5 Displayedformulas 77 6 Documents 89 7 CustomizingLATEX 109 8 Presentations 125 9 Illustrations 145 A Textsymboltables 161 B Mathsymboltables 165 C LATEXontheiPad 179 PracticalFinder 195 vii Contents Introduction xv 1 MissionImpossible 1 1.1 Gettingstarted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.1 YourLATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.2 Samplefiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.3 Editingcycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.4 Typingthesourcefile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Thekeyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Yourfirsttextnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Linestoowide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.5 Anotewithformulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.6 Errorsinformulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.7 Thebuildingblocksofaformula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.8 Displayedformulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.8.1 Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.8.2 Symbolicreferencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.8.3 Alignedformulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.8.4 Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.9 Theanatomyofadocument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.10 LATEXerrormessages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.11 Addinganillustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1.12 Addingyourowncommands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.13 Yourerrors:Davey’sDosandDon’ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.14 Theanatomyofapresentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 ix