00 COPERTINA SV 132.QXD_Layout 1 22/09/17 09:40 Pagina 1 PAS SCRIPTA VARIA 132 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SCRIPTA VARIA 132 I n the Encyclical Laudato Si’ I stated that “we are called to be instruments of God our Father, so that our planet Power and Limits of might be what he desired when he created it and cor- respond with his plan for peace, beauty and fullness” (53). Artificial Intelligence In our modern world, we have grown up thinking ourselves owners and masters of nature, authorized to plunder it P o without any consideration of its hidden potential and laws w of development, as if subjecting inanimate matter to our e Edited by whims, with the consequence of grave loss to biodiversity, r ANTONIO M. BATTRO, STANISLAS DEHAENE among other ills. We are not custodians of a museum or of a its major artefacts to be dusted each day, but rather co-op- n erators in protecting and developing the life and biodiver- d sity of the planet and of human life present there. An L ecological conversion capable of supporting and promot- im ing sustainable development includes, by its very nature, i both the full assuming of our human responsibilities re- t s garding creation and its resources, as well as the search o for social justice and the overcoming of an immoral system f that produces misery, inequality and exclusion. A r t Address of His Holiness Pope Francis to Participants in the i f Plenary Session of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, ic Consistory Hall, Monday, 28 November 2016. i a l I n t e l l ig Workshop |30 November- 1 December 2016 e Casina Pio IV |Vatican City n c e Vatican Libreria Editrice Vaticana City Vatican City 2017 2017 Power and Limits of Artificial Intelligence Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm Scripta Varia 132 The Proceedings of the Workshop on Power and Limits of Artificial Intelligence 30 November-1 December 2016 Edited by Antonio M. Battro Stanislas Dehaene EX AEDIBVS ACADEMICIS IN CIVITATE VATICANA • MMXVII The Pontifical Academy of Sciences Casina Pio IV, 00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 0669883195 • Fax: +39 0669885218 Email: [email protected] • Website: www.pas.va The opinions expressed with absolute freedom during the presentation of the papers of this meeting, although published by the Academy, represent only the points of view of the participants and not those of the Academy. ISBN 978-88-7761-111-6 © Copyright 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, pho- tocopying or otherwise without the expressed written permission of the publisher. PONTIFICIA ACADEMIA SCIENTIARVM LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY In the Encyclical Laudato Si’ I stated that “we are called to be instruments of God our Father, so that our planet might be what he desired when he created it and correspond with his plan for peace, beauty and fullness” (53). In our modern world, we have grown up thinking ourselves owners and masters of nature, authorized to plunder it without any consideration of its hid- den potential and laws of development, as if subjecting inanimate matter to our whims, with the consequence of grave loss to bio- diversity, among other ills. We are not custodians of a museum or of its major artefacts to be dusted each day, but rather co-opera- tors in protecting and developing the life and biodiversity of the planet and of human life present there. An ecological conversion capable of supporting and promoting sustainable development includes, by its very nature, both the full assuming of our human responsibilities regarding creation and its resources, as well as the search for social justice and the overcoming of an immoral system that produces misery, inequality and exclusion. Address of His Holiness Pope Francis to Participants in the Plena- ry Session of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Consistory Hall, Monday, 28 November 2016. 6 Power and Limits of Artificial Intelligence Power and Limits of Artificial Intelligence 7 8 Power and Limits of Artificial Intelligence Contents Preface ..................................................................................................... 11 Programme ............................................................................................. 12 List of Participants ................................................................................. 14  State of the art in artificial intelligence, roboticS, brain Modeling, brain-coMputer interfaceS Artificial Intelligence – Big Achievements and Huge Questions Viewed from Mathematics Cédric Villani ........................................................................................... 19 The Cerebral Cortex: An Evolutionary Breakthrough Wolf Singer ............................................................................................. 37 Comments: The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Stephen Hawking .................................................................................... 50 Optimal Strategies for Decision-Making and Their Neural Basis Alexandre Pouget ..................................................................................... 51 Motivations and Drives Are Computationally Messy Patricia Smith Churchland ....................................................................... 55 Children and Robots Antonio M. Battro and Magela Fuzatti ..................................................... 60  putative prerogativeS of the huMan brain: education, reaSoning, creativity, conSciouSneSS, SenSe of Self, ethicS...could they be captured in MachineS? Ghost In the Machine Olaf Blanke ............................................................................................. 69 What Is Consciousness, and Could Machines Have It? Stanislas Dehaene ..................................................................................... 75 Power and Limits of Artificial Intelligence 9