Poster Abstracts Design Computing and Cognition’14 Table of Contents City-to-City Learning: A Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Urban Design ......................................................................................... 1 Kinda Al Sayed Impact of Individual Cognition on Product Lifecycle Management Systems .................................................................................. 3 Pierre-Emmanuel Arduin, Julien Le Duigou, Marie-Hélène Abel and Benoît Eynard A Game-with-a-Purpose Framework to Facilitate Biologically Inspired Design ............................................................................................ 5 Ryan A. Arlitt, Sebastian R. Immel, Friederich A. Berthelsdorf and Robert B. Stone Multidimensional Lattice Structure for Parametric Models ........................ 7 Carlos R. Barrios Re-inventing Portuguese Ceramic Tiles: Shape Grammars as a Generative Method and its Impact on Design Methodology ................ 9 Deborah Benrós, Sara Elroy and Jose P. Duarte Cognitive Walkthrough of Medical User Interface of Ventilator System in Intensive Care Unit ................................................................... 11 Ganesh Bhutkar, Dinesh Katre, Dhiraj Jadhav and G.G. Ray An Experimental Study of Reasoning in Design: Testing the Pattern of Reasoning in Conceptual Design ............................................. 13 Claus Cramer-Petersen and Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen The Impact of Architectural Representations on Conveying an Intent - An Exploratory Study ................................................................... 15 Maxime Cunin and Catherine Elsen Characterising Place by Scene Depth ........................................................ 17 Adam Davis, Sean Hanna and Francis Aish iii vi Table of Contents Mizzou International Symposium on Creativity and New Media: Studying Media Affordances and Design Creativity ................................. 19 Newton D’Souza and Bimal Balakrishnan The Design Team Optimizer: Automating the Selection of Successful Design Teams Considering Personality Type and Project Preference ...................................................................................... 21 Bryony DuPont and Christopher Hoyle Whose Digital Property: A Discussion in the Ethics of Open-Source Computational Design in Architecture ................................ 23 Wendy W. Fok FNS Diagram - A Model of Synthesis ....................................................... 25 Haruyuki Fujii, Hideyuki Nakashima and Masaki Suwa An Analysis of Viewpoints during Product Evaluation ............................. 27 Georgi V. Georgiev, Kaori Yamada and Toshiharu Taura Designs with Moving Parts: Rules for Action and Reflection ................... 29 Laura Harrison, Chris Earl and Claudia Eckert Towards Computer-Assisted Wayfinding Design Support: Interview-based Needs Analysis Across Stakeholders .............................. 31 Christoph Hölscher, Ruth C. Dalton, Saskia Kuliga, and Martin Tomko Sustainable Design Informatics: Managing Dynamic Knowledge Flows in Innovation Enterprises ................................................................ 33 Rahinah Ibrahim A Distributed Cognition Approach to Configuration ................................ 35 Tim Ireland and Jaime F. Cárdenas-García The Effect of 3D CAD Applications on Students' 3D Capability in Design Education ................................................................................... 37 Mi Jeong Kim and Sung Jun Park Information Modelling and Factor Analysis to Figure Out the Direction for Global Bio-model Search ..................................................... 39 Sun-Joong Kim and Ji-Hyun Lee Using Geo Statistical Analysis to Detect Similarities in Emotional Responses of Urban Walkers to Urban Space ........................................... 41 Reinhard König, Sven Schneider, Ihab Hamzi, Xin Li, Gerhard Schmitt, Martin Bielik, and Dirk Donath Table of Contents vii A Lexical Substitution of Biological Terminology for Bioinspired Engineering Design .................................................................................... 43 Sooyeon Lee and Daniel A. McAdams Tangible Interaction Design: Can we Design Tangibles to Enhance Creative Cognition? ................................................................................... 45 Mary Lou Maher, Alberto Gonzalez, Kazjon Grace and Timothy C. Clausner Design Information Traceability Visualization Through Network of Diagrams ................................................................................. 47 Tomislav Martinec, Neven Pavković and Dorian Marjanović Experimenting with Mondrian: Comparing the Method of Production with the Method of Choice ...................................................... 49 Chris McManus and Paul Gesiak Structural Complexity Metrics Applied Against Product Graphs: Predicting Market Price and Assembly Time from Function and Assembly Models ...................................................................................... 51 Cherkadu Vasala Sri Ram Mohinder, Sridhar Sudarshan and Joshua D. Summers A Descriptive Model of Knowledge Transfer within Communities .......... 53 Jonathan Mougin, Jean-François Boujut, Franck Pourroy and Grégory Poussier Service as Value Co-creation in a Design Process .................................... 55 Hideyuki Nakashima, Haruyuki Fujii and Masaki Suwa Visual Search in Urban Environment Simulated by Random Walks ........ 57 Asya Natapov, Daniel Czamanski and Dafna Fisher-Gewirtzman DAPPS- Design Analogy Performance Parameter System: An Analogy Retrieval Tool ........................................................................ 59 Peter Ngo, Julie Linsey, Brianna Lucero, and Cameron Turner An Emergent Approach for New Urban Media: Developing a Mobile Outdoor Media Platform in the Built Environments .................. 61 Jae Wan Park and Yongdae Shin Enhancing the Visual Temperature Comfort in a Space Using a Mental Image – Based on Regional Digital Colors ................................ 63 Sung Jun Park and Mi Jeong Kim Patentability of Design State Spaces ......................................................... 65 Juan C. Quiroz, Amit Banerjee and Sergiu M. Dascalu vi Table of Contents Engaging Cognition for Improving Workforce Capability Thru Serious Game Training .............................................................................. 67 Ali Rashidi and Rahinah Ibrahim Biologically Inspired Design: Bio-inspired Fog-Harvesting Mechanism ................................................................................................. 69 Yamini Ravishankar Parametric Chair Generator: A Tool for Machine Learning Style ............ 71 Kate Reed and Duncan Gillies What Happens when Creativity is Exhausted? The Role of Design Tools ......................................................................... 73 Seda Yilmaz, Shanna R. Daly, Colleen M. Seifert, and Richard Gonzalez Innovation-Related Needs: Stable and Excited States!: Why do Needs Change when it is ‘Business as Usual’ and when not Anymore? ................................................................................... 75 Vishal Singh Physical Design Cognition: Embodied Intelligence for Taming the Digitally Fabricated Singapore Horses .................................. 77 Daniel Smithwick and Lawrence Sass Design Space Exploration Using a Shape Grammar Implementation ....... 79 Tiemen Strobbe, Pieter Pauwels, Ruben Verstraeten, Ronald De Meyer and Jan Van Campenhout The Influence of Members' Creativity Potentials and Concept Evolution of Processes on Results of Collaborative Design: A Protocol Study Using Torrance Test and Linkography ........................ 81 Hsien-Hui Tang Cognitive Discourse Analysis for Design Cognition: Addressing Cognitive Processes in Design through Systematic Linguistic Analysis .................................................................................... 83 Thora Tenbrink The Role of Difference in Reflective Design Activity: An Application of Schön’s “see-move-see” Account of Designing within Groups ........................................................................... 85 Arno Verhoeven, Claudia Eckert and Chris Earl Table of Contents vii The Relationship between Cognitive Style and Users’ Operational Behaviour on Mobile Phone Interfaces .................................. 87 Wen-Chia Wang, Mark Young and Steve Love Continuing the 'Continua' II: Application of Thin Plywood in Construction through Biologically Inspired Approach. ............................. 89 Marcin Wójcik and Sylwia Kłaczyńska Assessing User Performance of Digital Interfaces through the Utilisation of Factor Graphs: A Novel Method for the Assessment of Both Simulated and Empirical User Performance Data ........................ 91 Patrick Wollner, Patrick M. Langdon and P. John Clarkson Topographic Representation of Pedestrian Cognition: Integrating the Impacts of Environmental Qualities to Plan Walking Paths ................ 93 Saied Zarrinmehr, Mohammad Rahmani Asl, Mark J. Clayton and Geoffrey Booth CITY-TO-CITY LEARNING A Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Urban Design Kinda Al_Sayed University College London, United Kingdom 1. Abstract With the increase in urban complexity, knowledge-based design models became highly valued as the way to decode and reconstruct the organisation that makes urban systems. What they lacked is a mechanism by which an analytical description of urban complexity could be translated into a synthetic description. In an attempt to find such mechanism, an analytical description of Barcelona’s urban form and function is encoded in a nonparametric Neural Network model. After calibrating the model using data from Manhattan, the functioning description of the model is devised to forecast urban features for a given street network. With this approach, a quantitative description of urban structures is retrieved from empirical data and reconstructed in a design experiment. This process serves as to support design decisions when tackling the complexity of large scale urban design problems. 2. From analytical descriptions of cities to design models In recent times, studies that explored urban design were witnessing a divide between the analytical sciences and the applied sciences of cities. Space Syntax; a branch of analytical sciences; was focused on decoding the language of architectural and urban space, form and function (Hillier, 1996a). In the meanwhile, the applied sciences of cities were predominantly occupied by assumption-based simulation models (Wu and Silva, 2009). These approaches remained divergent in essence, making it difficult to adapt them in the urban design process. To bridge the analysis-synthesis gap, there needed to be some intuition into the type of mechanism required to convert an explanatory reading of architectural phenomena into a synthetic design approach. Therefore, a framework needed to be developed to decode, encode and reconstruct the complex composition that makes cities as problems of organised complexity (Jacobs, 1964). A simple description for such organisation was made in Space Syntax, illuminating the relationship between 1 2 a physical network representation of urban spaces and other socioeconomic variables (Hillier, 1996b). Along with disputes on the validity of the Syntactic representations and the missing third dimension (Ratti, 2004), the theoretical propositions made in Space Syntax were debated in the context of complexity science, often questioning their overreliance on linear models, suggesting that such relationships could be better represented in nonlinear and elaborative models (Batty, 2010). This is in view of the argument that deterministic models that relied on simple causal relationships between two variables or more were not immune to erroneous assumptions. In response to this argument, there needed to be some intuition into the type of mechanism needed to minimise assumptions and to devise analytical knowledge on cities into forecasting design models (Al_Sayed, 2014). In an attempt to define this mechanism, we propose here an artificial Neural Network (ANNs) model to forecast urban features based on empirical data taken from Barcelona. The model was tested and calibrated using data from Manhattan. This includes the configurational properties of the street network, street width, building height, block density and land uses. The ANNs model was encoded to outline the relationship between street configurations on one side and the rest of these variables on the other side, suggesting that it is street accessibility that defines the demand for wider streets, block subdivisions, high-rise development and the clustering of retail and commercial land uses. Building on this hypothesis, the ANNs model was devised to automate two dimensional forecasts for formal and functional attributes of a hypothetical grid structure. For the input layer, measures of street accessibility were used as factors. When applied to Barcelona’s case study, the spatial accessibility measures were found good predictors of formal and functional variables. The results for Barcelona’s case were tested on Manhattan’s data. The testing was returned positive for the applicability of the ANNs on other cities, hence as a tool for urban design and forecasting. References Al_Sayed, K. (2014) “Thinking systems in urban design: A prioritised structure model”. In Explorations in Urban Design. M. Carmona (ed), (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014), pp. 169–181. Copyright © 2014 Batty, M.: 2010. “Networks, flows, and geometry in cities: a challenge to space syntax”. The Journal of Space Syntax, 1(2), 366. Hillier, B.: 1996a. Space is the Machine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Hillier, B.: 1996b. “Cities as movement economies”. Urban Design International. 1: P. 41-60. Jacobs, J.: 1964. Death and Life of Great American Cities – The Failure of Town Planning, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Ratti, C.: 2004. “Space Syntax: Some inconsistencies”. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 31(4), 487-499 Wu, N. and Silva, E.A.: 2009. “Artificial intelligence and ‘waves of complexity’ for urban dynamics”. Proc. 8th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Engineering & Data Bases (AIKED '09), 459-464.