Positive Psychology Third Edition 2 To Barbara, friend and companion for over 38 years. To you, for more reasons than I can say. (W.C.) To Elaine, who has quietly taught me about flourishing. (E.H.) 3 Positive Psychology The Science of Happiness and Flourishing Third Edition William C. Compton Middle Tennessee State University Edward Hoffman Yeshiva University Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore Washington DC 4 Melbourne 5 Copyright © 2020 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, no part of this work may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All third party trademarks referenced or depicted herein are included solely for the purpose of illustration and are the property of their respective owners. Reference to these trademarks in no way indicates any relationship with, or endorsement by, the trademark owner. FOR INFORMATION: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London, EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India 6 SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 18 Cross Street #10-10/11/12 China Square Central Singapore 048423 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Compton, William C., author. | Hoffman, Edward, author. | Compton, William C. Introduction to positive psychology. Title: Positive psychology : the science of happiness and flourishing/William C. Compton, Middle Tennessee State University, Edward Hoffman, Yeshiva University. Description: Third Edition. | Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications, [2018] | Revised edition of the authors’ Positive psychology, 2012. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018033572 | ISBN 9781544322926 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Positive psychology. Classification: LCC BF204.6 .C66 2018 | DDC 150.19/88—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018033572 Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Acquisitions Editor: Lara Parra Editorial Assistant: Leah Sorini Content Development Editor: Emma Newsom Production Editor: Laureen Gleason Copy Editor: Mark Bast Typesetter: Hurix Digital Proofreader: Wendy Jo Dymond Indexer: Karen Wiley Cover Designer: Candice Harman 7 Marketing Manager: Katherine Hepburn 8 Brief Contents 1. Preface to the Third Edition 2. Acknowledgments 3. About the Authors 4. Chapter 1 • An Introduction to Positive Psychology 5. Chapter 2 • Foundations: Emotion, Motivation, and the Nature of Well- Being 6. Chapter 3 • Subjective Well-Being 7. Chapter 4 • Leisure, Flow, Mindfulness, and Peak Performance 8. Chapter 5 • Romantic Love and Positive Families 9. Chapter 6 • Positive Health 10. Chapter 7 • Excellence, Aesthetics, Creativity, and Genius 11. Chapter 8 • Well-Being Across the Life Span 12. Chapter 9 • Models of Optimal Well-Being 13. Chapter 10 • Religion, Spirituality, and Well-Being 14. Chapter 11 • Positive Institutions and Cultural Well-Being 15. Chapter 12 • A Look Toward the Future of Positive Psychology 16. References 17. Index 9 Detailed Contents Preface to the Third Edition Acknowledgments About the Authors Chapter 1 • An Introduction to Positive Psychology Welcome to Positive Psychology Dimensions of Positive Psychology Scope of Positive Psychology Basic Themes of Positive Psychology The Good Life Positive Emotions Are Important People Can Flourish and Thrive People Need Positive Social Relationships Strengths and Virtues Are Important Compassion and Empathy Are Important Independence of Positive and Negative Emotions Negative Emotions Are Still Important The Science of Well-Being A Short History of Well-Being In The Western World Hedonism The Early Hebrews The Greeks Early Christianity and the Middle Ages The Renaissance to the Age of Enlightenment Romanticism and the 19th Century The 20th Century Lessons on Well-Being From History Positive Psychology Today Summary Learning Tools Key Terms and Ideas Books On the Web Personal Exploration Chapter 2 • Foundations: Emotion, Motivation, and the Nature of Well- Being Basic Emotions 10