E AND ORTUGAI,, E5UITS, lAPAN SPIRITUALBEL EESAND EARTHLYGOODS Edited by Victoria Weston MCMULIENMUSEUMOFARl',BOSl’ONCOUEGE [ThisblankpagedeliberatelyinsertedbyBostonCollege DigitalLibrariesstafftopreservetheopeningsofthe analogbook.] FORJACQUEFINE MCMUEEEN AND ORTUGAL, lAPAN lESUITS, SPIRITUAL BELIEFSAND EARTHLYGOODS Edited by Victoria Weston MCMULLEN MUSEUM OEART, BOSTON COLLEGE distributedbytheuniversityOECHICAGOPRESS ThispublicationisissuedinconjunctionwiththeexhibitionPortugal,Jesuits,andJapan:SpiritualBeliefsandEarthlyGoodsattheMcMullenMuseumofArt,Boston College,Februaryib-june2,2013. OrganizedbytheMcMullenMuseum,Portugal,Jesuits,andJapanhasbeencuratedbyVictoriaWestonandAlexandraCurveloinconsultationwithPedroMouraCar- valho.TheexhibitionhasbeenunderwrittenbyBostonCollege,thePatronsoftheMcMullenMuseum,LeslieandPeterCiampi,theCamoesInstituteofCooperation andLanguage/MinistryofForeignAffairsofPortugal,theConsulateGeneralofPortugalinBoston,andtheCalousteGulbenkianFoundation. CIDEPNAfDOSCATtROILMOTTiUPOnTUEgEORuCSAaPgALO CGFUAOLLUBONEUDNSAKTTIEIAONN MINISTERIOI;NEGOCIOSESTRANGEIROS BOSTON AdditionalsupportforthispublicationprovidedbytheLuso-AmericanDevelopmentFoundationandthejapanFoundation,NY. LUSOf-uAnMdEacRAIoCANA JAPANFOUNENWDAYOTRIKON(cN^^ LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012953815 ISBN:978-1-892850-20-1 DistributedbytheUniversityofChicagoPress PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica ©2013bytheMcMullenMuseumofArt,BostonCollege,ChestnutHill,MA02467 Bookdesigner:johnMcCoy Copyeditor:KateShugert Frontandbackcovers:detailofnanbantradescreen,japan,plateib,privatecollection.Photo:KerryBurke(BostonCollege). Endpapers:detailofportableoratory,japan,plate31,SantaCasadaMisericordia,Sardoal,Portugal.Photo©PauloSousa/CMS. Photocredits:©AsianArtMuseum,SanFrancisco:plates8,25a-b;©BibliotecaNacionaldePortugal:plates27,35;KerryBurke(BostonCollege):platesla-b,51-53, 60-63; StarrEastAsianLibrary,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley/DavidRumsey:platesi5a-b,16;©Cintra&CastroCaldas:plate46;©joseManuelCosta Alves:plates12-13;© Lisbon:plates59a-b;©PedroLobo:plates14,28,41,43;©joseMeneses:plate49;©TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt/ArtResource,NY: plates3,37;©2013MuseumofFineArts,Boston:plates64-69;©joseLuisSamagaio:plate10;©GragaSarsfield,MuseuQuintadasCruzes:plate50;©Arnaldo Soares/Diregao-GeraldoPatrimonioCultural/DivisaodeDocumentagao,ComunicagaoeInformatica:plate26;©PauloSousa/CMS:plate31;©jorgeWelshOriental Porcelain&WorksofArt,Lisbon/London:plates5-7,9,ii,23,32-33,39,42,44-45,47. CONTENTS DIRECTOR'S PREFACE 7 NancyNetzer INTRODUCTION 11 VictoriaWeston THE INVENTION OFAN ICON: FROM FRANCISCOXAVIEROF NAVARRE TO SAN FRANCISCO, PATRON OF MISSIONSANDapostle TOTHE INDIES 17 Rene B. Javellana, SJ THE MUTUAL EMPLACEMENTOF JAPANAND EUROPE DURINGTHE NANBAN CENTURY 27 Angelo Cattaneo THE CIRCULATION OF EUROPEANANDASIANWORKS OFARTIN JAPAN, CIRCA1600 57 Pedro MouraCarvalho REFLECTIONS ON CULTURAL EXCHANGEAND COMMERCIAL RELATIONS IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURYASIA:A PORTUGUESE NOBLEMAN'S LACQUERED MUGHALSHIELD 43 Ulrike Korber THE PORTUGUESE TEXTILE TRADE INASIA 37 Prasannan Parthasarathi PRIESTS, PACHYDERMS,AND PORTUGUESE:ANIMAL EXCHANGE INTHEAGE OF EXPLORATION 61 RoryBrowne NANBANART: WHAT'S PASTIS PROLOGUE 71 AlexandraCurvelo UNFOLDINGTHE SCREEN: DEPICTINGTHE EOREIGN IN JAPANESE NANBAN BYOBU 79 VictoriaWeston PLATES 91 INDEX 145 CONTRIBUTORS 147 DIRECTOR'S PREFACE For the most part, Portugal, Jesuits, and Japan each are studied by settsBoston,whowouldalsoeditthecatalogue.Also distinctgroupsofscholarswithdifferentculturalbackgrounds,historicaltraining,and ontheinitialorganizingteamwasajesuithistorian. linguisticskills.Yet,inordertoexamineabriefperiodinJapanesehistory,thatofthearrival ProfessorReneB.javellanafromAteneodeManila ofthePortugueseinJapanin1543 andtheintroductionofChristianitytherebytheJesuit University,whoheldtheThomasGassonProfesso- St.FrancisXavierin1549,untiltheexpulsionofthePortuguesein1639,oneneedstorely rialChairatBostonCollegein2007-08.Thegroup on discourse among scholars from the traditionally distinct compartments ofhistorical beganworkingonawishlistofobjects.Generously inquiry.Thisbookandtheexhibitionitaccompaniespresenttheresultsofoneofthefirst sFuoupnpdoarttieodnb,yMaogurraantCfarrvoamlhtoheidCeanltoiufsiteedmGualnbyenwkoirakns attemptsatsuchafruitfuldiscussion. inthePeabodyEssexMuseumandinPortuguese collectionsthathearrangedformetoseewithhim Theoriginsofthisprojectdateto2007when introducedustoPortuguesearthistorianPedro inthesummerof2009.Wewereabletosecure oneoftheMcMullen’sPatrons,GeraldBuckley, MouraCarvalho,whoatthattimewasapostdoc- severaltentativeagreementsforloans,thereby suggested1meettheConsulGeneralofPortu- toralfellowintheAgaKhanProgramforIslamic establishingacoregroupofobjectsfortheexhibi- galinBoston,ManuelaBairos.Giventhelarge ArchitectureatHarvardUniversity.MouraCarvalho tion.In2011,MouraCarvalhobecamechiefcurator Portuguese-AmericanpopulationinNewEngland, suggestedthattheexhibitionexamineanunder- oftheAsianCivilisationsMuseumandPeranakan Bairoswishedtoinspirealocalmuseumtoorganize studiedgroupoflapanesenanbanscreensforthe Museum,Singapore,apostthatunfortunatelywould anexhibitionexploringanaspectofhercountry’s informationtheyimpartaboutthearrivalofPortu- notallowhimthetimerequiredtocontinuework- culture.Findingcommoninterestinconnections guesetradersandjesuitmissionariesinjapanfrom ingontheexhibition.HeandPauloCunhaAlves, betweenPortugalandthejesuitsintheearlymod- themid-sixteenthtothemid-seventeenthcenturies. whosucceededBairosasConsulGeneralofPortugal ernperiod,theMcMullenagreedtoseekasubject MouraCarvalhoagreedtoserveasco-curatorof inBostonshortlyaftertheprojectbegan,suggested foranexhibitionthatwouldinvolvenewresearch suchanexhibitionwithVictoriaWeston,associate anotherPortuguesescholar,AlexandraCurvelo, onanaspectofthatrelationship.TheConsulthen professorofarthistoryatUniversityofMassachu- curatorattheMuseuNacionaldoAzulejoinLisbon, 7 — totakehisplace.CurveloandWestonworkedtofinal- interplayoftheAgeofExploration.KateShugert Calvao(Funda^aoOriente);josephGarver(Harvard izealistofloansandcreateanarrativeandthemes organizedloansandphotography,copyeditedwith MapCollection,HarvardUniversity);WilliamStone- tobedevelopedintheexhibition.Theywereaided extraordinarycaretheessaysinthispublication,and, man,MaryHaegert,HopeMayo,andCarieMcGin- inthisprocessbyAngeloCattaneo,aprofessorof withJohnMcCoyandVictoriaWeston,compiledthe nis(HoughtonLibrary,HarvardUniversity);jorge thehistoryofcartographyattheCenterforOverseas index.KerryBurkeprovidednumerousphotographs Welsh,LuisaVinhais,andMargaridaLamas(jorge 8 HistoryoftheNewUniversityofLisbon,whodevel- forthecatalogueandexhibition.LindaWebbassisted WelshOrientalPorcelain&WorksofArt,Lisbon/ opedasectionfortheexhibitiononthe“mapping” withproofreadingandinternsFrancescaFalzone, London);RuiMachete,MarioMesquita,andMiguel DIRECTOR'S oflapanduringtheperiodinquestion.Historians Nodelllien,GabrielaLorido,LaurenPassaro,and Vaz(Luso-AmericanDevelopmentFoundation); PREFACE RoryBrowneandPrasannanParthasarathiofBoston EmilieSintobinhelpedwithproofreadingandloan thelateMaryGriggsBurke,StephanieWada,and CollegeandconservatorUlrikeKorberofthelosede processing.FilomenaCunhaAlves;jeremyClarke,Sj; GratiaWilliams(MaryandjacksonBurkeFounda- FigueiredoLaboratoryinLisbonjoinedtheteamas KenjiHayao;T.FrankKennedy,Sj;T.K.McClintock; tion);ThomasP.Campbell,JohnCarpenter,Emily contributorsofessaystothecatalogue. MichaelNoone;ElizabethSwinton;andjamesWeiss Foss,andDeniseLeidy(TheMetropolitanMuseum OurprincipaldebtofgratitudeistoVictoriaWeston providedvaluableadviceintheplanningprocess. ofArt);VirginiaGomes(MuseuNacionalMachado andAlexandraCurvelo.Westonhasguidedthecurato- AnastosChiavarasandRoseBreenfromBostonCol- deGastro,Coimbra);MariaAntoniaPintodeMatos rialinitiativefrombeginningtoendandhasedited lege’sOfficeofRiskManagementprovidedessential (MuseuNacionaldoAzulejo);MalcolmRogers,Marta thisvolumeofessaysbyauthorsofvariousnative guidanceregardinginsurance.Wearegratefultothe Fodor,AnneNishimuraMorse,PamelaParmal,Kim — tongueswithexceptionaldiscernment,applyingher University’sAdvancementOffice especiallyjames Pashko,JanePortal,andAngieSimonds(Museum vastknowledgeofjapaneseartandhistory.Curvelo Husson,ThomasLockerby,CatherineConcannon, ofFineArts,Boston);JamesRussell,MelanieCor- hasbroughttotheprojectunparalleledknowledge MaryLouCrane,KathyKuy,andGingerSaariaho reia,StuartFrank,andDougKendall(NewBedford oftheobjectscreatedduringthePortugueseAgeof andtoourPatronsEdwardStudzinskiandEdmund WhalingMuseum);DanMonroe,NancyBerliner, Explorationandhasorganizedtheminjuxtaposition Granski,foradvisingonfundingopportunities. ChristineBertoni,KathrynCarey,KarinaCorrigan, withdepictionsonthenanbanscreenstoprovide Muchofthisexhibitionhasbeendrawnfromthe LyndaHartigan,MimiLeveque,BryannaO’Mara, newinsightsintotheartistic,cultural,religious,and richesofprivatecollectionsandinstitutionsinthe NicolePearson,andWilliamSargent(PeabodyEssex economichistoryoftheperiod. USandinPortugal.Forassistanceinidentifying Museum);NicoleCoolidgeRousmaniere(Sainsbury WeofferspecialthankstoPauloCunhaAlves, andobtainingtheseloanswethankfriendsandcol- InstitutefortheStudyofJapaneseArtsandCultures); ConsulGeneralofPortugalinBostonandMariajoao leagues:laylieXu,LauraAllen,MelissaRinne,and andDeborahWhiteman(UniversityLibrary,Santa PintoCorreia,AnaPaulaLaborinho,andAlexandra SharonSteckline(AsianArtMuseum,SanFrancisco); ClaraUniversity).Inadditionwearegratefultomany PinhooftheCamoesInstituteofCooperationand AdrianaProser(AsiaSociety,NewYork);EmilioRui privatecollectorsinPortugal,GreatBritain,Brazil, Language/MinistryofForeignAffairsofPortugal, Vilar,joaoPedroGarcia,MariaFernandaMafias, andtheUnitedStatesandtothefollowinginstitutions withoutwhosehardwork,assistance,andsupportat andNunoVassalloeSilva(CalousteGulbenkian inPortugal:BibliotecadaAjuda,Lisbon;Biblioteca everystage,thisexhibitionwouldnothavebeenreal- Foundation,Lisbon);SimonettaLuzAfonso,Rosa NacionaldePortugal,Lisbon;DiocesedeCoimbra, ized. Gampizes,andIsabelGardoso(CamoesInstituteof SeNova;Dire^aoGeraldoLivrodosArquivosedas AttheMcMullenMuseum,DianaLarsenundertook CooperationandLanguage/MinistryofForeign Bibliotecas;Dire^aoGeraldoPatrimonioCultural; theherculeantaskofdesigningthegalleriesandcases AffairsofPortugal);DeborahRudolph(C.V.Starr MuseuNacionaldeSoaresdosReis,Oporto;Santa toaccommodatetheunusuallywidearrayoflargeand EastAsianLibrary,UniversityofCalifornia,Berke- CasadaMisericordia,Sardoal;SantaCasadaMise- fragileobjects,johnMcCoydesignedthispublication ley);PauloCunhaAlvesandMariajoaoRodrigues ricordia/MuseudeSaoRoque,Lisbon;Secretariode andtheexhibition’sgraphicstocapturethecultural (ConsulateGeneralofPortugalinBoston);joao EstadodaCultura.