Polymer Technology Dictionary Polymer Technology Dictionary Tony Whelan MSC, Consultant Formerly Director London Polymer Consultants Ltd New Southgate, London, UK SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V First edition 1994 © 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hali in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1994 Typeset in 9/IOpt Times by Variorum Publishing Limited, Rugby Printed in Great Britain by St Edmundsbury Press Limited, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk ISBN 978-94-010-4564-3 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Whelan, Tony. Polymer technology dictionary / Tony Whelan. ~ Ist ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-94-010-4564-3 ISBN 978-94-011-1292-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1292-5 1. Plastics ~ Dictionaries. 2. Polymers ~ Dictionaries. 1. Title. TPIIIO.w45 1993 668.9'03 ~ dc20 93-18950 CIP 8 Printed on acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSIINISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). CONTENTS Preface. vii Notes to reader viii Dictionary Greek 1 Numeric 2 Alphabetic 7 Tables la. Standard (based on ISO and ASTM) abbreviations of plastics 491 1b . Standard (based on ISO and ASTM) abbreviations of rubbers 492 2a. Letters used to modify abbreviations for plastics (ISO and ASTM) . 493 2b. Commonly-used letters used to modify abbreviations for plastics (i.e. in addition to Table 2a) . 493 2c. Symbols used for fillers and/or reinforcing materials . 493 3. Some commonly-used abbreviations and trade names of plastics and thermoplastic elastomers 494 4. Some abbreviations and names of plastics and elastomers 496 5a. Some trade names/trade marks, abbreviations and suppliers of polymers and polymer compounds, sorted by alphabetical order of trade name . 504 5b. Some trade names/trade marks, abbreviations and suppliers of polymers and polymer compounds, sorted by alphabetical order of abbreviation. 518 6. Drying conditions for injection moulding materials 532 7. Heat contents of some moulding materials 533 8. Shrinkage values 534 9. Relative densities of some compounding ingredients and other materials. 535 10. Plastics identification chart . 538 11. Suggested temperatures and loads for MFR tests 539 12. Moisture content limit for good injection mouldings. 539 13. Suggested temperature settings for high shear rate rheometry. 539 14. Moldflow data for PA 6 540 15. Carbon black classification 540 Appendices A. SI units - advice on use 541 B. SI prefixes . 541 C. Unit conversion 542 D. Temperature conversion 554 E. Relative atomic masses (atomic weights) 555 F. The Greek alphabet 555 v PREFACE For many years I have been actively involved in the testing, selection and pro cessing of plastics materials. More recently I have specialized in teaching the subject of polymer technology to people employed in industry. As a result of this experience I realized that there was a need for a book, similar to Mark Alger's Polymer Science Dictionary, devoted to the technology of those polymers known as plastics and as rubbers. This is justified by the number of industries includ ing adhesives, coatings, fibres, paints, plastics and rubbers which are based on polymer science and technology and the vast range of different industries which use plastics and rubbery materials. People who are extensively employed with the selection and use of plastics and rubbers, yet have limited training and experi ence of such materials should find this book particularly useful. Rather than simply providing a short definition for each term, I have adopted the approach used by Mark Alger in the complementary volume, Polymer Science Dictionary, which is to provide an explanation of what many of the terms mean together with necessary background information. Of course this means that many of the entries are longer than is usual in a conventional dictionary. There are also many terms included which are not specific to polymer technology but are valuable in this type of handbook. These include many entries on measure ments and units which arise as a result of the scientific and technological communities using different systems as well as some polymer science terms. The information presented in this book is intended to give the reader a general overview of polymeric materials and their additives together with information on the processing, testing and properties of certain polymeric materials. The data presented in the Polymer Technology Dictionary does not imply any legally binding assurance of certain properties, ease of processing or suitability for a given purpose. The book is based on my knowledge and experience and represents my personal opinions. To the best of my knowledge the information is accurate; however I do not assume any responsibility whatsoever for the accu racy and completeness of such information. I strongly recommend that the user should seek out and adhere to manufacturers' and/or suppliers' detailed informa tion and current instructions for the handling of each grade or type of material. Any determination of the suitability of a material for any use contemplated by the user, and the manner of processing is the sole responsibility of the user. There are many factors which affect the processing and properties of polymers, this book does not relieve the user from carrying out tests and experiments in order to satisfy themselves that a material is suitable for their chosen application. It is not suggested or guaranteed that any hazards outlined in this publication are the only ones which exist and before using any equipment, processing tech nique or material mentioned here, the user is responsible for ensuring that health and safety standards are met. Remember there is a need to reduce human expo sure to many organic materials to the lowest possible limits, in view of possible long-term adverse affects. I am not responsible for ensuring that proprietary rights are not infringed or relevant legislation is observed. The book also includes some names which are, or are asserted to be proprietary trade names or trademarks. The use of such pro prietary trade names or trademarks does not apply for legal purposes of a non proprietary or general significance, nor is any other judgement implied concerning their legal status. Whilst every effort has been made to check the accuracy of the information contained in these volumes, no material should ever be selected and specified for a component or product on a paper exercise alone. The purpose of these volumes is to provide enough information for a short list of candidates for testing and to reduce the number of fruitless tests. No liability can be ac cepted for loss or damage resulting from the use of information contained herein. Thanks are due to my many friends and colleagues throughout the polymer industry for their useful help and advice. Tony Whelan London 1993 vii NOTES TO READER The text was sorted electronically and although this gives the order that one would expect, there are some peculiarities which are worth mentioning. Look up any entry according to the first letter or number given. For example, I-butene and I-butylene should be looked up under I (one) in the numerical entry section. Greek letters also have their own separate entries and a Greek alphabet is listed at the end of the dictionary. Lower case letters are placed before upper case letters so that the letter a is filed before A. If either the lower case letter or the upper case letter is part of a word, or phrase, which contains numbers or symbols then these numbers or symbols influence how the entry is filed. All such numbers and symbols are given priority over letters of the alphabet: symbols include spaces, hyphens, oblique strokes (I), periods (full stops), and commas: these are sorted in the order listed. The entries for butene and butylene would be filed as follows but please bear in mind than many other entries appear in between these entries. I-butene 1 butene but-I-ene butene butene-l butene-type material butene type material butylene. Italicized wording that appears in entries throughout the dictionary indi cates words or phrases which are cross-referenced to alternative entries for the reader's information. viii Greek entries f3-naphthylamine See phenyl-f3-naphthylamine (in which it occurs as a contami nant). a An abbreviation used for the degree of degradation. f3-oxynaphthoic acid Abbreviations used for this material are BON or BONA. f3- a anomaly oxynaphthoic acid is also known as 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic The original term used for the glass transition temperature acid. It is a coupling agent used in organic pigment manu (Tg). facture. a cellulose An abbreviation used for alpha-cellulose. f3-pinene resin A pinene resin made from f3-pinene. a hardness value A measure of the hardness of a material. See Rockwell hard f3-thionaphthol ness. See naphthyl-f3-mercaptan. a olefin f3-transition One of a series of unsaturated hydrocarbons which are olefins See secondary transition. substituted on the a carbon atom. See alkenes. Very import ant monomers with the formula CH2 = CHR where R is an TYh is symbol is widely used to indicate elastic shear strain. alkyl or cycloalkyl group. Where R is CH then propylene is 3 Occasionally shear rate is denoted by y without the dot above obtained. Where R is C2HS then butylene is obtained. Where it. This practice should not be encouraged because of the R is CH2CH(CH3h then methyl pentene is obtained. See poly possibility of confusion with elastic shear strain. Use y which ( a olefins). is the Greek letter gamma with a superimposed dot: called a particle gamma dot. Yw is used as an abbreviation for the true shear A helium nucleus which contains two protons and two neu rate at the wall of a die or capillary. The dot above the trons: has a double positive electric charge. gamma denotes a first derivative with respect to time. Ywoa is used as an abbreviation for the apparent wall shear rate at the a Rockwell hardness value wall of a die or capillary. It equals 4Q/R 3 where Q is the out A measure of the hardness of a material. See Rockwell hard- put rate and R is the die radius. ness. y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane a sulphur A coupling agent often used for epoxide resins. See rhombic sulphur. y cellulose a-iso rubber An abbreviation used for gamma-cellulose. See iso-rubber. y gauge a-methyl styrene See gamma ray gauge. A vinyl monomer which has a boiling point of approximately 165°C and which is sometimes used as a replacement for y transition styrene to make plastics materials (see petroleum resins). May See glass transition. be represented as CH2 = C.Me.1> where Me is the methyl y-chloropropylene oxide group and 1> is a benzene ring (both are joined to the same See epichlorhydrin. carbon atom). This monomer may be polymerized to poly a-methyl styrene. See alpha methyl styrene. y-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane A coupling agent often used for unsaturated polyester resin a-pinene resin systems. See methacrylatosilane. A pinene resin made from a-pinene. y-rays a-transition A form of high energy radiation. See radiation -effect of See glass transition temperature. y-transition a-trihydrate See secondary transition. See aluminium hydrate and aluminium trihydrate. o f3 cellulose An abbreviation used for solubility parameter. An abbreviation used for beta-cellulose. ~ f3 naphthol The upper case Greek letter delta is used to indicate a change Also known as naphthalen-2-01. May be represented as or difference. For example: C H 0H. This material has a boiling point of 285°C, a melt ingIO p7oint of 122°C and a relative density (RD) of 1·22. A ~H = delta H is the heat change in a chemical reaction: the difference between two different values of enthalpy; white solid material used, for example, as an antioxidant for rubbers. See naphthol. ~P = delta P the difference between two different values of pressure (P) or the pressure drop in rheological f3 particles studies; High velocity electrons emitted from nuclei III radioactive ~T = delta T the difference between two different values of decay. temperature. A change of 1°C is approximately equal f3 ray gauge to a change of 1·8°F. °C/OF is approximately equal See beta ray gauge. to 1·8. f3-iso rubber E See iso-rubber. An abbreviation used for strain and for dielectric constant. f3-methylacrylic acid E-caprolactam See crotonic acid. See capralactam. ETA 2 OR 11 An abbreviation used for efficiency of reinforcement. Also An abbreviation used for degrees Reamur. used as an abbreviation for the viscosity of a solution (see rela 1I2S d/2 tive viscosity). 11 is sometimes used to denote the coefficient of See method S2 d2. viscosity of a melt (see apparent viscosity). 110 = the viscosity of a pure solvent (see relative viscosity). I-butene 11rei = relative viscosity. See butene. 11sp = specific viscosity. I-butylene [111 = limiting viscosity number. See butene. A l-chloro-2,3-epoxy propane An abbreviation used for thermal conductivity. See epichlorhydrin. f.L I-hydropentafluoro propylene Used to denote the coefficient of viscosity of a Newtonian See hydropentajluoro propylene. material. f.La is used as an abbreviation for apparent viscosity. 1,I-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane f.L in See bisphenol Z. An abbreviation used for micro-inch. 1,1,3-tris-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-t-butylphenyl) butane f.L sulphur A phenylalkane antioxidant. See phenolic antioxidant. An abbreviation used for insoluble sulphur. 1,2 BR p An abbreviation used for 1,2-polybutadiene. See polybutadiene An abbreviation used for: rubber. density; Reynold's number: and, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid volume resistivity. See o-phthalic acid. a 1,2-butadiene An abbreviation used for stress. See butadiene and styrene-butadiene rubber. aB = jlexural strength. 1,2-diaminoethane a = volume resistivity. v See ethylene diamine. ~I 1,2-dichloroethane An abbreviation used for tensile strain. Also known as dichloroethane or DCE. ~B 1,2-dihydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, polymerized An abbreviation used for elongation at break. An abbreviation used for this type of material is TMQ. This T is a strongly discolouring antioxidant (see staining antioxi The Greek letter tau used to represent shear stress. dants). See dihydroquinoline derivatives and ketone-amine con Tw = shear stress at a capillary wall densates. Tw true = true shear stress at a capillary wall. 1,2-diphenylethene See capillary rheometer. See stilbene. D 1,2-polybutadiene The abbreviation used for ohm (resistance). An abbreviation used for this type of material is 1,2 BR. See D.cm = ohm.centimetre. butadiene rubber. D.m = ohm.meter. See volume resistivity. 1,2-polymerization w-aminoenanthic acid See styrene-butadiene rubber and randomizing agent. Also known as w-aminoheptanoic acid. The monomer for nylon 7. 1,2-propylene glycol See propylene glycol. w-aminoheptanoic acid See w-aminoenanthic acid. 1,2-propylene glycol mono-Iaurate See propylene glycol mono-laurate. w-aminoundecanoic acid See aminoundecanoic acid. 1,2-propylene glycol mono-oleate See propylene glycol mono-oleate. 1,2-propylene mono-stearate See propylene glycol mono-stearate. Numeric entries 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid See isophthalic acid. 0° nylon belt The fabric belt of a steel-braced radial tyre. This secures the 1,3-diene tread against deforming (squirming) out of shape under load A monomer which contains two double bonds, that is, the and minimizes tyre fatigue, for example, during prolonged main chain may be represented as C=C- C=C: such materials high speed driving. are also vinyl monomers but are usually considered separately as l,3-dienes. °B An abbreviation used for degrees Baume. See Baume scale. 1,3-dihydroxybenzene See resorcinol. °C An abbreviation used for degrees Celsius or centigrade. See 1,3-diphenyl-2-thiourea centigrade scale. See thiocarbanilide. 3 2-NAPHTHALENE MERCAPTAN 1,3-pentadiene 2:4:5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid See piperylene. An abbreviation used for this material is 2:4:5-T. A hormone used in low concentrations to stimulate latex yield. In high 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-triazine concentrations it will kill rubber trees. See melamine. 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid A benzotriazole derived from 2,2'-hydroxy-phenyl-benzotriazole See terephthalic acid. and used as an ultraviolet absorber. 1,4 BOO 2-(3'-tertiary-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)- An abbreviation used for 1.4 butane diol. 5-chlorobenzotriazole 1,4 butane diol A benzotriazole derived from 2,2'-hydroxy-phenyl-benzotriazole An abbreviation used for this type of material is 1,4 BDO. A and used as an ultraviolet absorber. diol which may be used as a chain extender. 2-( 4-morpholinyl-mercapto )-benzthiazole 1,4-cycIohexanedimethanol See N-oxydiethylbenzothiazolesulphenamide. See cyclohexanedimethanol. 2-benzothiazole-dithio-N -morpholine 1,4-cycIohexylene glycol An abbreviation used for this material is BDTM. A vulcan See cyclohexanedimethanol. ization accelerator. 1,4-cycIohexylenedimethylene terephthalateiisophthalate 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene See poly-( 1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate-co-iso See chloroprene. phthalate) . 2-chloroethane phosphonic acid 1,4-diazabicycIo-2,2,2-octane A yield stimulant used in natural rubber production. The active Also known as diaminobicyclooctane or as, triethylene ingredient is ethylene. diamine. A tertiary amine which is an often used component of a polyether foam catalyst system. Often referred to as 2-chloroethanol DABCO. DABCO catalyses both urethane and urea for See ethylene chlorohydrin. mation and when used with an organometallic compound there is a synergistic effect on urethane formation. This 2-ethylidenebicycIo-(2,2, 1) -5-heptene means that, for example, most reaction injection moulding See ethylidene norbornene. (RIM) formulations use mixed catalysts. A polyether foam 2-hydroxy benzophenone derivatives could use stannous octoate, dimethylethanolamine and 1,4- The derivatives of 2-hydroxy benzophenone (for example, 2- diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane as a catalyst system. The stannous hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone) are widely used as ultra octoate may be replaced by dibutyl tin dilaurate if there is a violet stabilisers. The ortho placing of the hydroxyl group, danger of hydrolysis in water-containing blends. See flexible relative to the carbonyl group, allows tautomeric shifts to polyurethane foam. occur which absorb energy and help to make the incoming 1,4-dihydroxy benzene radiation harmless. By varying the organic substituent (the See hydroquinone. X substituent) the wavelength of the UV radiation which is absorbed may be controlled: X is an alkyl or alkoxy group. 1,4-epoxy butane By varying this group, the wavelength which causes decom See tetrahydrofuran. position, or degradation, of a particular polymer can be ab 1,4-polybutadiene rubber sorbed. See substituted benzophenone. See butadiene rubber. 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone 1,5-naphthalene-diisocyanate A ultraviolet stabilizer. See substituted benzophenone. See naphthalene-l,5-diisocyanate. 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulpho-benzophenone 1,5 POO A ultraviolet stabilizer. See substituted benzophenone. An abbreviation used for 1,5 pentane diol. 2-hydroxy-4-octoxy-benzophenone 1,5 pentane diol A ultraviolet stabilizer. See substituted benzophenone. An abbreviation used for this type of material is 1,5 PDO. A 2-mercaptobenzthiazole diol which may be used as a chain extender. See mercaptobenzthiazole. 1,6-diaminohexane 2-mercaptoimidazoline See hexamethylene diamine. See ethylene thiourea. 1,6 HOO 2-mercaptonapthalene An abbreviation used for 1,6 hexane diol. See naphthyl-{3-mercaptan. 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate 2-methyl-1-propanol See hexamethylene diisocyanate. See isobutyl alcohol. 1,6-hexanediamine See hexamethylene diamine. 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene See isoprene. 1,6 hexane diol An abbreviation used for this type of material is 1,6 HDO. A 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene diol which may be used as a chain extender. See isoprene. 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid 2-methylpropan-1-o1 See malic acid. See isobutyl alcohol. 2:4:5-T 2-naphthalene mercaptan An abbreviation used for 2:4:5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. See naphthyl-{3-mercaptan. 2-NAPHTHALEN E-TH IOL 4 2-naphthalene-thiol 2,3,7,8 TCDD See naphthyl-{3-mercaptan. An abbreviation used for dioxin. See dioxins. 2-nitro biphenyl 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin See o-nitrobiphenyl. An abbreviation used for this type of material IS 2,3,7,8 TCDD or TCDD. See dioxin. 2-pentenoic acid This acid is, for example, liberated when copolymers of poly 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate hydroxybutyrate are heated. That is, from a HB-HV copolymer. Also known as toluene-2,4-diisocyanate. An isomer of tolylene 2-phenylindole diisocyanate. A metal-Fee organic, heat stabilizer used with polyvinyl chloride 2,4,5-triketoimidazolidine (P VC): it is used as a co-stabilizer, in non-toxic bottle and See polyparabanic acid. pipe applications, with a calciumlzinc stabili::er, an epoxy compound and a phosphite chelator. 2,5-dimercapto-I,3,4-thiadiazole At approximately I phr this material is used as a curative for 2-propanone acrylic rubber. See acetone. 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol 2,2'-dibenzthiazyl disulphide Also known as 4-methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl phenol or as, 2,6-di An additive used in conjunction with N-oxydiethylben::o tertiarybutyl-p-cresol. A hindered phenol. An antioxidant. thia::olesulphenamide (NOBS) to give an accelerator system with less of a delayed action, and less processing safety, than 2,6-dimethyl phenol NOBS. See ben::thia::yl disulphide. See 2,6-xylenol. 2,2'-dihydroxy diethylamine 2,6-ditertiarybutyl-p-cresol See diethanolamine. See 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol. 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate A tetra-substituted benzophenone. An ultraviolet stabilizer. Also known as toluene-2,6-diisocyanate. An isomer of tolylene See substituted benzophenone. diisocyanate. 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-5-sulpho-benzophenone 2,6-xylenol A tetra-substituted benzophenone. An ultraviolet stabilizer. Also known as 2,6-dimethyl phenol. This isomer of xylenol has See substituted benzophenone. a melting point of approximately 49°C and a boiling point of 2,2'-hydroxy-phenyl-benzotriazole 212°C. It is used to make the monomer for polypropylene The organic materials known as benzotria::oles are derived from oxide-type materials. this material. Included in this group of ultraviolet absorbers and/ 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid or ultraviolet stabili::ers, are 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) See {3-oxynaphthoic acid. benzotriazole and 2-(3'-tertiary-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)- 5-chlorobenzotriazole. 3-hydroxybutyrate An abbreviation used for this material is HB. See polyhydroxy 2,2'-iminodiethanol butyrate. See diethanolamine. 3-hydroxypentanoate 2,2' -thiobis-( 4-methyl-6-tert- butylphenol) Also known as 3-hydroxyvalerate or HV. See polyhydroxy Also known as 2,2'-thiobismethyl butyl phenol. A Iight butyrate. coloured, phenylsulphide antioxidant with a melting point of 3-hydroxyvalerate about 85°C and which is used synergistically with carbon Also known as 3-hydroxypentanoate or HV. See polyhydroxy black. Useful in rubbers, polystyrene and polyolefins. See butyrate. phenolic antioxidant. 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 2,2'-thiobismethyl butyl phenol See vanillin. See 2,2'-thiobis-( 4-methyl-6-tert-butylpheno/). 3,3' -dimethyl-4,4' -diphenyl diisocyanate 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile Also known as bitolyl diisocyamate. An abbreviation used See azobisisobutyronitrile. for this material is TOD!. This off-white, solid material has a 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol melting point of 70°C and a relative density (RD or SG) of See pentaerythritol. 1.20. May be used as the isocyanate component to make polyurethane rubbers. See tolylene diisocyanate. 2,2-bis-4-hydroxyphenyl propane See bisphenol A. 3,3' ,4,4' benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride An abbreviation used for this material is BTDA: used as a 2,2-dimethylpropane-l,3-diol monomer to prepare some polyimides. See neopentylene glycol. 3,3,5-trimethylpentane-l,3-diol di-isobutyrate 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-l,3-diol di-isobutyrate An abbreviation used for this material is TMIB. The di Also known as Texanol isobutyrate. The di-isobutyrate of isobutyrate of 3,3,5-trimethyl-1 ,3-pentanediol. A low-staining 2,2,4-trimethyl-I,3-pentanediol. An abbreviation used for this plastici::er for polyvinyl chloride (P VC). See 2,2,4-trimethyl material is TXIB (also used for 3,3,5-trimethylpentane-I,4- pentane-l,3-diol di-isobutyrate. diol di-isobutyrate). A plastici::er for PVC which is used for 3,3,5-trimethylpentane-l,4-diol di-isobutyrate non-stain flooring and in plastisol applications, for example, An abbreviation used for this material is TXIB. The diiso where low and consistent plastisol viscosity is required. butyrate of 3,3,5-trimethyl-l,4-pentanediol. A plastici::er for 2,3-dimethyl-l,3-butadiene polyvinyl chloride (PVC). See 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-l,3-diol See dimethyl butadiene. di-isobutyrate.