Polymer Concretes Polymer Concretes: Advanced Construction Materials provides a comprehensive study on polymer concrete ( PC), discussing historical perspectives of its use, the classification and applications of PC, and the advantages and disadvantages of its use. Materials such as resin, aggregates, micro fillers, fibers, and nanofillers are systemat- ically summarized, as well as their effects on PC. Also examined are the properties, fabrication methods, and the standards for testing the material properties, as well as the future outlook for PC applications. This book: • Investigates the various properties of PC • Covers the physical, mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, and environ- mental properties of PC • Examines fabrication methods, standards for testing, and the future outlook for various applications The book is ideal for students taking related courses in Civil, Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. It also serves as a useful guide for research- ers in the areas of concrete and construction materials, composites and nanocom- posites, and advanced materials, as well as professionals working in fields such as construction, precast concrete products manufacture, transportation and road construction, architecture, and more. Polymer Concretes Advanced Construction Materials Mostafa Hassani Niaki and Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487- 2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 Mostafa Hassani Niaki and Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and pub- lisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermis- [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Niaki, Mostafa Hassani, author. | Ahangari, Morteza Ghorbanzadeh, author. Title: Polymer concretes: advanced construction materials / Mostafa Hassani Niaki, Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022033129 | ISBN 9781032352640 (hbk) | ISBN 9781032353104 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003326311 (ebk) Subjects: LCSH: Polymer-impregnated concrete. Classification: LCC TA443.P58 N53 2023 | DDC 620.1/36—dc23/eng/20221011 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022033129 ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 35264- 0 ( hbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 35310- 4 ( pbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 003- 32631- 1 ( ebk) DOI: 10.1201/ 9781003326311 Typeset in Times by codeMantra Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................ix Preface.......................................................................................................................xi Abbreviations .........................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Introduction to Polymer Concrete ........................................................1 1.1 Definition ...................................................................................1 1.2 Historical Perspective of Polymer Concrete ..............................1 1.3 Applications of Polymer Concrete .............................................2 1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Polymer Concretes .............3 References ............................................................................................6 Chapter 2 Materials of Polymer Concrete ..........................................................11 2.1 Resin ........................................................................................11 2.1.1 Resin Types ................................................................11 2.1.2 Resin Weight Content .................................................15 2.1.3 Effects of Resin on the Performance of PC ...............16 2.2 Aggregate ................................................................................16 2.2.1 Aggregate Types .........................................................16 2.2.2 Aggregate Size ...........................................................21 2.2.3 Aggregate Shape.........................................................21 2.2.4 Aggregates Weight Content ........................................22 2.2.5 Effects of Aggregates on Polymer Concrete Properties ...................................................................22 2.3 Micro Filler ..............................................................................24 2.3.1 Micro Filler Types ......................................................24 2.3.2 Micro Filler Size.........................................................29 2.3.3 Micro Filler Weight Content ......................................30 2.3.4 Effects of Micro Filler on Polymer Concrete Properties ...................................................................31 2.4 Fiber .........................................................................................32 2.4.1 Fiber Types .................................................................32 2.4.2 Fiber Length ...............................................................36 2.4.3 Fiber Weight Content .................................................36 2.4.4 Effects of Fiber on Polymer Concrete Properties.......37 2.5 Nanofiller .................................................................................39 2.5.1 Nanomaterial Types ...................................................39 2.5.2 Nanomaterial Weight Content ....................................47 2.5.3 Nanocomposites Preparation Methods .......................48 2.5.4 Effects of Nanofiller on PC Properties .......................48 References ..........................................................................................56 v vi Contents Chapter 3 Polymer Concrete Preparation ...........................................................69 3.1 Design of Mixture ...................................................................69 3.2 Fabrication Strategies ..............................................................70 3.3 Curing Effect ...........................................................................72 3.4 Moisture and Dust Effects .......................................................73 References ..........................................................................................75 Chapter 4 Polymer Concrete Standards ..............................................................79 4.1 Destructive Tests......................................................................79 4.2 N on-D estructive Tests .............................................................81 References ..........................................................................................82 Chapter 5 Physical Properties of Polymer Concrete ...........................................83 5.1 Density .....................................................................................83 5.2 Porosity ....................................................................................84 5.3 Ductility ...................................................................................85 5.4 Water Absorption .....................................................................87 5.5 Water Resistance .....................................................................90 5.6 Flowability (W orkability) ........................................................90 5.7 Shrinkage .................................................................................91 References ..........................................................................................93 Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties of Polymer Concrete .....................................97 6.1 Compressive Strength ..............................................................97 6.2 Flexural Strength .....................................................................98 6.3 Tensile Strength .......................................................................99 6.4 Impact Strength .....................................................................100 6.5 Fracture Toughness ................................................................101 6.6 Bond and Interfacial Shear Strength .....................................104 6.7 Fatigue Strength.....................................................................107 6.8 Creep Behavior ......................................................................109 6.9 Vibration and Damping Properties ........................................112 6.10 Abrasion and Wear Resistance ..............................................113 References ........................................................................................114 Chapter 7 Thermal Properties of Polymer Concrete ........................................121 7.1 Thermal Expansion ...............................................................121 7.2 Thermal Conductivity ...........................................................122 7.3 Elevated Temperature Resistance ..........................................122 7.4 Freeze– Thaw and Thermal Cycle Resistance .......................127 7.5 Fire Resistance and Flammability .........................................129 7.6 Hot Water Resistance ............................................................130 References ........................................................................................130 Contents vii Chapter 8 Chemical Resistance of Polymer Concrete ......................................133 References ........................................................................................137 Chapter 9 Some Other Properties of Polymer Concrete ...................................139 9.1 Ageing Effect .........................................................................139 9.2 Weathering Resistance ..........................................................140 9.3 Ultraviolet and Gamma Radiation .........................................141 9.4 Dielectric and Insulation Properties ......................................142 References ........................................................................................145 Chapter 10 Summary and Outlook .....................................................................147 References ........................................................................................149 Index ......................................................................................................................151 Foreword Polymer concrete ( PC) is widely used in different industries and in our daily life because of their diverse functionality, excellent physicomechanical properties, chemical stability, low permeability to water and aggressive media, lightweight, easy placement and ability to form complex shapes, rapid curing and setting, powerful bond to most surfaces, good long- term freeze– thaw durability, and remarkable sound and thermal insulation properties. Due to its impressive properties, PC can be con- sidered as an advanced and multi- functional construction composite material. It has become a very active research topic in the last two decades, and its use has been growing rapidly in recent years. This book attempts to provide a comprehensive study on PCs and cites many excellent studies that have already been done on the various aspects of these mate- rials. This scholarly book will be useful for those who are interested in advanced construction materials and polymer composites and can be used in education and research as well as commercial purposes. ix