Politics, Culture and Identities in East Asia Integration and Division 106040hc_9789813226227_tp.indd 1 21/4/17 1:41 PM EAI Series on East Asia ISSN: 2529-718X Series Editors: WANG Gungwu (East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore) ZHENG Yongnian (East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore) About the Series EAI Series on East Asia was initiated by the East Asian Institute (EAI) (http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg). EAI was set up in April 1997 as an autonomous research organisation under a statute of the National University of Singapore. The analyses in this series are by scholars who have spent years researching on their areas of interest in East Asia, primarily, China, Japan and South Korea, and in the realms of politics, economy, society and international relations. Published: The Rise of the Regulatory State in the Chinese Health-care System by QIAN Jiwei Contemporary South Korean Economy: Challenges and Prospects by CHIANG Min-Hua China’s Economy in Transformation under the New Normal edited by Sarah Y TONG and WAN Jing China’s Development: Social Investment and Challenges by ZHAO Litao Politics, Culture and Identities in East Asia: Integration and Division edited by LAM Peng Er and LIM Tai Wei Lixi - 10604 - Politics, Culture & Identities in East Asia.indd 1 31-08-17 2:54:22 PM EAI Series on East Asia Politics, Culture and Identities in East Asia Integration and Division LAM Peng Er East Asian Institute National University of Singapore Singapore LIM Tai Wei Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore East Asian Institute National University of Singapore Singapore World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI • TOKYO 106040hc_9789813226227_tp.indd 2 21/4/17 1:41 PM Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Lam, Peng Er, 1959– author, editor. | Lim, Tai-Wei, author, editor. Title: Politics, culture & identities in East Asia : integration & division / by Peng Er Lam (East Asian Institute, NUS, Singapore); Tai Wei Lim (SIM University, Singapore & East Asian Institute, NUS, Singapore). Description: Hackensack, NJ : World Scientific Publishing Co., 2017. | Series: EAI series on East Asia Identifiers: LCCN 2017018212 | ISBN 9789813226227 Subjects: LCSH: East Asia--Politics and government--21st century. | Group identity-- East Asia--History--21st century. | Geopolitics--East Asia--History--21st century. | Cultural pluralism--East Asia--History--21st century. | East Asia--Foreign relations--21st century. | East Asians--Ethnic identity--Political aspects. Classification: LCC DS518.1 .L26 2017 | DDC 951.06/1--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017018212 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2017 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. Desk Editor: Dong Lixi Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore Lixi - 10604 - Politics, Culture & Identities in East Asia.indd 2 31-08-17 2:54:22 PM “9x6” b2900 Politics, Culture and Identities in East Asia: Integration and Division Contents About the Editors and Contributors vii Introduction Politics, Culture and Identity in East Asia: Integration 1 and Division The Editors East Asia: Geopolitics and Economic Interdependency 7 Chapter 1 Four Geopolitical Vectors in East Asia: China Rising, 9 US Rebalancing, Japan “Normalising” and ASEAN Community Building LAM Peng Er Chapter 2 Hot Spots in the Korean Peninsula and the East 15 and South China Seas: Obstacles to an East Asian Community LAM Peng Er Chapter 3 Economic Ties that Bind East Asia 23 CHIANG Min-Hua Politics of Identity 33 Chapter 4 “Fishball Revolution” and Hong Kong’s Identity 35 LIM Tai Wei v b2900_FM.indd 5 4/27/2017 10:36:54 AM b2900 Politics, Culture and Identities in East Asia: Integration and Division “9x6” vi POLITICS, CULTURE AND IDENTITIES IN EAST ASIA Chapter 5 The Taiwanese Identity: Social Construction and 43 Dynamic Changes in Cultural and Political Factors of Influence Katherine TSENG Hui-Yi Chapter 6 ASEAN Identity: An Elusive Dream? 51 LIM Tai Wei Chapter 7 China, Japan and the Two Koreas: A Clash 59 of Identities LAM Peng Er Regionalism, Popular Culture, Food, Media and Tourism 67 Chapter 8 J-Pop and Manga in East Asia 69 LIM Tai Wei Chapter 9 Interlocking Cultural Relations Between South Korea 77 and Its Neighbouring Countries LIM Wen Xin Chapter 10 Chinese-Language Media in East Asia: Connectivity 87 Amid Diversity SHIH Hui Min Chapter 11 China’s Media Portrayal of ASEAN: From 95 Antagonism to Euphoria to Circumspection LYE Liang Fook Chapter 12 Intra-East Asian Tourism: An Exponential Rise 105 Despite Bilateral Geopolitical Tensions LIU Bojian Chapter 13 China: A New Global Education Hub 117 WU Xiaoping Index 129 b2900_FM.indd 6 4/27/2017 10:36:54 AM “9x6” b2900 Politics, Culture and Identities in East Asia: Integration and Division About the Editors and Contributors (Listing Based on Order of Chapters) LAM Peng Er is Senior Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore. He obtained his PhD from Columbia University and is a political scientist. His publications have appeared in international journals such as the Pacific Affairs, Asian Survey, Asian Affairs, Japan Forum and Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics. Lam’s latest single-authored book is Japan’s Peace-Building Diplomacy in Asia: Seeking a More Active Political Role (New York and London: Routledge, 2009). Other books include Japan’s Relations with Southeast Asia: The Fukuda Doctrine and Beyond (London and New York: Routledge, 2013); Japan’s Relations with China: Facing a Rising Power (New York and London: Routledge, 2006); and Green Politics in Japan (London: Routledge, 1999). He is an executive editor of the International Relations of the Asia-Pacific (a journal of the Japan Association of International Relations published by Oxford University Press) and Asian Journal of Peacebuilding (journal of the Institute for Peace and Unification Studies, Seoul National University). His research interests include Tokyo’s peacebuilding in Asia and Africa, and Japanese local politics. LIM Tai Wei is Senior Lecturer at Singapore University of Social Sciences and an Adjunct Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore. He holds a PhD in History from vii b2900_FM.indd 7 4/27/2017 10:36:54 AM b2900 Politics, Culture and Identities in East Asia: Integration and Division “9x6” viii POLITICS, CULTURE AND IDENTITIES IN EAST ASIA Cornell University, specialising in modern China and Japan. He teaches world history, courses in Japanese studies, history of the Silk Road and the “One Belt One Road” topics. At the East Asian Institute, he researches on wide-ranging topics that include Sino–Japanese relations, Hong Kong social movements, Hong Kong studies, contem- porary Chinese studies and Japanese studies. CHIANG Min-Hua is Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore. She obtained her PhD in Economics from Université Pierre-Mendès-France, now part of Université Grenoble Alpes, in 2008 (avec la mention: Très honorable avec félicita- tions du jury). Prior to her current appointment in Singapore, she held research positions at the Institute of International Relations, National Chengchi University (2009), Taiwan External Trade Development Council (2009–2010) and Commerce Development Research Institute (2010–2011) in Taipei. Her research interests include Asia-Pacific regionalism, trade and investment, issues related to economic growth and development in East Asia. She is the author of China-Taiwan Rapprochement: the Political economy of cross-straits relations (London: Routledge, 2016) and Contemporary South Korean economy: Challenges and Prospects (Singapore: World Scientific, 2017). Katherine TSENG Hui-Yi joined East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore in late 2010 as Research Associate. She holds a doctorate in Juridical Science from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her research interests range from international trade dispute resolutions in World Trade Organization to maritime conflict management and dis- putes resolution in the East Asian region. Her current research focuses on maritime territorial issues involving China, ASEAN countries and Taiwan. Recognising the rapidly changing political landscapes worldwide, she authors a forthcoming book, which will shed light on the new direc- tions of the evolutionary legal orders established by international law. LIM Wen Xin is a Research Associate at IPP Review. She was a Research Assistant at the East Asian Institute, National University of b2900_FM.indd 8 4/27/2017 10:36:54 AM “9x6” b2900 Politics, Culture and Identities in East Asia: Integration and Division ABOUT THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ix Singapore from 2014 to 2015. She graduated from the National University of Singapore with a Bachelor of Social Science degree (Honours) in Economics and Chinese Studies. SHIH Hui Min is an Adjunct Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore. She has over 30 years of experience in both broadcast and print media business in Singapore and other Asian countries. She received her MBA from the National University of Singapore and obtained her PhD in Journalism and Mass Communications from Tsinghua University. Her research focuses on media management, journalism and mass communications. She pub- lishes widely in Singapore and international newspapers, journals and on the internet covering topics on media industry and social media. LYE Liang Fook is Research Fellow and Assistant Director at the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore. His research interests cover China’s foreign policy, China’s “One Road, One Belt” initiative, China–ASEAN relations and China–Singapore relations. He was part of a government-sanctioned team that completed a review of the Suzhou Industrial Park, the first flagship project between China and Singapore. His research extends into other government-to-government projects between the two countries such as the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city and the China–Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity. His publications have appeared in International Relations of the Asia Pacific, Journal of Chinese Political Science, Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies and China: An International Journal and were published by Routledge, Eastern Universities Press, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Publishing, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Publishing and World Scientific Publishing. He also manages the Singapore Secretariat of the Network of East Asian Think Tanks (NEAT) and the Network of ASEAN–China Think Tanks (NACT), two Track II bodies that aim to promote regional cooperation. LIU Bojian is Research Assistant at the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore. He holds a Master of Science (Asian Studies) b2900_FM.indd 9 4/27/2017 10:36:54 AM