ebook img

Political Animals: Animal Protection Politics in Britain and the United States PDF

300 Pages·1998·30.78 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Political Animals: Animal Protection Politics in Britain and the United States

POLITICAL ANIMALS Also by Robert Garner ANIMALS, POLffiCS AND MORALITY ANIMAL RIGHTS: The Changing Debate (editor) BRffiSH POLITICAL PARTIES TODAY (with Richard Kelly) ENVIRONMENTAL POLmCS Political Animals Animal Protection Politics in Britain and the United States Robert Garner Lecturer in Politics University ofL eicester First published in Great Britain 1998 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-333-73000-3 ISBN 978-1-349-26438-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-26438-4 First published in the United States of America 1998 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-21208-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gamer, Robert, 1960- Political animals : animal protection politics in Britain and the United States I Robert Garner. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-21208-7 (cloth) 1. Animal welfare--Great Britain. 2. Animal welfare-United States. 3. Animal welfare-Political aspects-Great Britain. 4. Animal welfare-Political aspects-United States. I. Title. HV4545.A4G37 1997 179'.3'0941-dc21 97-38262 CIP ~ Robert Gamer 1998 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10987654321 07 06 OS 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 Contents List of Tables viii List ofA bbreviations X Acknowledgements xiii Introduction 1 Animal protection and mainstream public policy 2 Pluralism, policy networks and animal protection 5 A guide to the chapters 8 Pluralism, animal protection and research methodology 12 1 The Institutional Framework of Animal Protection 16 Legislative support for animal protection 16 Sectorization and the structure of animal protection decision-making 21 Institutional structures and animal protection in Britain 22 Institutional structures and animal protection in the United States 29 2 The Economics and Politics of Animal Exploitation 39 The political economy of wildlife and animal entertainment 40 The economic structure of intensive agriculture 43 The animal research community 47 The political organization of the animal-use lobby 50 3 The Animal Protection Movement: Recruitment, Ideology and Strategy 68 Mancur Olson and membership recruitment 68 Rational choice and human interests 71 Group maintenance and the role of the entrepreneur 73 v vi Contents Animal rights and solidaristic collectivism - A post-Olsonian agenda 76 Animal rights and the 'new welfarism' 81 4 Lobbying for Animals 93 The development of the modem animal protection movement 93 Key political actors 95 Financial resources and political influence 100 Organizational alliances and policy sectorization 103 5 Parliament and Animal Protection 109 Parliament's limited role 109 Parliament and hunting Ill Legislation, scrutiny and agenda setting 114 The extent of animal advocacy in parliament 115 Profile of animal advocates in the House 116 6 American Legislators and Animal Protection 122 The scope of Congressional support 122 Conclusion 136 7 The Politics of Farm Animal Welfare in the United States 139 Historical origins and development of the agricultural policy community 140 Congressional committees and farm animal welfare 141 Congress, USDA and farm animals 146 A brighter future for farm animal welfare? 149 8 The Politics of Farm Animal Welfare in Britain 151 The challenge of animal welfare 152 A damage limitation exercise? 153 A genuine attempt to balance interests? 162 A policy community under siege 169 9 The Politics of Animal Research in Britain 176 Origins of the animal research policy network 176 Littlewood to Mellor 177 Contents vii 1986 Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 182 Ten Years on- have the animals benefited? 187 The three Rs 192 Enforcement 198 10 The Politics of Animal Research in the United States 202 Public pressure and Congressional action 202 Laboratory Animal Welfare Act 1966 202 Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act 1985 205 Pet Theft Act 1990 208 What has Congress achieved? 209 Executive agencies and animal testing 214 The issue network and regulatory obstruction 215 Enforcement failures 223 Conclusion: Animal Protection and Pluralist Politics 229 The degree of policy sectorization 229 Power structures within networks 230 The relationship between structure and outcome 231 Explaining change 234 Appendix L· Database Design 238 Appendix II: Qyestionnaire Design 239 ~~ 2~ Bibliography 267 Index 278 List of Tables 1.1 Bills on animal protection introduced in the British Parliament, 1950-9 5 17 1.2 Bills and resolutions on animal protection and wildlife conservation introduced in the US Congress in selected years between 1955 and 1968 19 1.3 Animal protection and wildlife conservation bills and resolutions introduced in the US House of Representatives, 1985-94 20 1.4 Targets of Parliamentary questions on animal protection and wildlife conservation, 1985-95 22 2.1 Interested parties at selected Congressional Hearings on the Endangered Species Act, 1973-82 40 2.2 Politically active animal use organizations in Britain and the United States 52 2.3 Animal welfare bills in Britain and the United States used in questionnaire 60 4.1 Reputional survey of British and American animal protection and wildlife conservation groups 96 4.2 The budgets of the major animal protection and wildlife conservation organizations in the United States, 1996 99 5.1 The top 36 animal advocates in the House of Commons, 1987-92 117 5.2 Geographical profile of MPs interested in animal issues, 1987-92 119 5.3 Party labels of MPs interested in animal issues, 1987-92 120 5.4 Support for animal issues in the House of Commons by gender, 1987-92 121 6.1 Congressional supporters of animal protection and wildlife conservation initiatives, 1985-94 123 6.2 Intensity of support for animal protection and wildlife conservation measures in the House of Representatives, 1985-94 123 viii List of Tables ix 6.3 Representatives displaying the greatest interest in wildlife conservation and animal protection bills and resolutions in the House, 1985-94 125 6.4 Support for wildlife measures in the US House of Representatives, 1985-94 126 6.5 Support for animal protection measures in the US House of Representatives, 1985-94 126 6.6 Geographical profile of Representatives interested in Animal Issues, 1985-94 128 6.7 Rural and urban profile of Representatives interested in animal issues, 1985-94 129 6.8 Party strength in the House of Representatives, 1985-94 130 6.9 Party labels of Representatives interested in animal issues, 1985-94 131 6.10 Women in the House of Representatives and animal issues, 1985-94 132 6.11 Female Representatives most interested in animal issues, 1985-94 133 6.12 The age profile of Representatives, 1985-92 134 6.13 Age profile of Representatives interested in animal issues, 1985-92 134 9.1 Animal Procedures Committee: membership as at 31 December 1994 190 9.2 Scientific procedures, 1987-94 193 9.3 Animal suffering in UK scientific procedures, 1987-93 195 9.4 Enforcement under the 1986 Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1987-94 199

Description:
In this thorough, yet accessible, book, Robert Garner explores the character of animal protection policy making in Britain and the United States and the opportunities open to animal protection movements. In showing how the political system in both countries has been responsive to the growing demands
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.