POLICING BLACK BODIES POLICING BLACK BODIES How Black Lives Are Surveilled and How to Work for Change Angela J. Hattery and Earl Smith ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield AnimprintofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 https://rowman.com UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB, UnitedKingdom Copyright©2018byTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. Photosinchapters4and6arefromiStock.com/onewordandiStock.com/OS- TILL,respectively. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorby anyelectronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrieval systems,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewer whomayquotepassagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Hattery,Angela,author.|Smith,Earl,1946–author. Title:Policingblackbodies/AngelaJ.HatteryandEarlSmith. Description:Lanham:Rowman&Littlefield,[2017]|Includesbibliographical referencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2017039756(print)|LCCN2017058096(ebook)|ISBN 9781442276963(electronic)|ISBN9781442276956(cloth:alk.paper) Subjects:LCSH:Discriminationincriminaljusticeadministration—United States.|Discriminationinlawenforcement—UnitedStates.|African Americans—Socialconditions—21stcentury. Classification:LCCHV9950(ebook)|LCCHV9950.H3952017(print)|DDC 364.3/496073—dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017039756 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsof AmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperfor PrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Wededicatethisbooktoourfriend,DarrylHunt,who,tragically,took hisownlifeonMarch13,2016.Hewaslockedupfornearlytwenty yearsforacrimehedidn’tcommit.Hediedjusttenyearsafterhis exoneration.Wewillnevertrulyknowtheragethatcontinuedtopolice youevenafteryourrelease,andwewishyoutheeternalpeacethatwas deniedyouonthisearth. ToEarl:Thiswas,inmanyways,themostchallengingandexciting projectwehaveeverworkedon.Alloftheconversationswe’vehadas wewalkedtoandfromthegym,aswewatchedourTVexplodewith protestsorthenewsofyetanotherunarmedBlackmankilledbythe police.Sometimesitissimplytoomuchtohold,andthisbook,as difficultasithasbeentowrite,providedawayto“hold”thepainandto offerupaperspectivethatIhopewillhelpotherstobemorecritical,to seethetruthofpolicingBlackbodies.Ineverythingwedo...I couldn’tdoitwithoutyou. ToAngela:Done.Thisone,whileitmayhavebeenthehardest,isa storythatneededtelling.Thedateonthecovermaybe2018butacross allourwork,itbeganwaybackwhen.Thankyouforlettingmebea partofthisproject! ToTravis,Emma,Porter,andDaniel:Useyourmanyprivilegestolift upothersandtocreateamoreequitableandfreesocietyforyourselves andforeveryonearoundyou.Yourlifewillonlybericherwhenyoudo. CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments xi 1 SettingtheStage 1 2 UrbanRiotsandProtest,oraLogicalResponsetoPolicing BlackBodies 23 3 MassIncarceration 49 4 School-to-PrisonPipeline 85 5 ThePrison-IndustrialComplex:TheNewPlantationEconomy 103 6 PolicingBlackWomen’sBodies 119 7 PolicingTransBodies 143 8 PoliceKillingsofUnarmedBlackMen 157 9 TheUltimateFailure:Exoneration 179 10 Intersectionality,Color-BlindRacism,andaCalltoAction 211 AppendixA:High-ProfilePoliceShootingsofBlackMenandthe Outcomes 241 AppendixB:Resources 245 Notes 249 Bibliography 263 Index 269 vii