FORENSICS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE C h Advances in Police Theory and Practice Series a p p e ll Policing and the Policing and the Mentally Ill Mentally Ill International Perspectives In countries with democratic traditions, police interactions with the mentally ill are usually guided by legislative mandates giving police discretion and possibly resulting in referrals International Perspectives for assistance and treatment. But all too frequently, the outcome of these interactions is far less therapeutic and leads to a cycle of arrests and ultimately incarceration. Stemming P o from an initiative in Memphis, Tennessee two decades ago, police departments in many l parts of the world have set up specific programs with crisis intervention teams to facilitate i c police contact with the mentally ill. Policing and the Mentally Ill: International Perspectives i examines how these types of programs have fared in jurisdictions across the world. n g The book begins with developments in North America and Europe—traditionally the loci a of much of the innovation and change in policing and related areas. It demonstrates how n a number of jurisdictions in Europe have only recently begun to recognize therapeutic d intervention with the mentally ill as a priority issue, and still frequently suffer from a lack t of significant resources. The largest section of the book focuses on Australia, where local h law enforcement agencies have displayed a remarkable enthusiasm for and commitment e to change in their management of interactions with citizens with mental illness. Finally, M the book examines the particular challenges of providing humane and effective policing for persons with mental illnesses in parts of the developing world. These challenges often e n involve dealing with entrenched cultural beliefs and practices based on superstition, fear, t and prejudice regarding persons thought to be mentally ill. a l Interactions between police and persons with mental illnesses comprise an important and l y sensitive aspect of everyday policing. The 16 chapters in this book offer a wide range of I cross-cultural perspectives on this essential aspect of policing, enabling police practitioners l l to develop a best-practices approach to managing their interactions with this vulnerable segment of the community. Edited by K13821 Duncan Chappell 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.taylorandfrancisgroup.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK www.crcpress.com Policing and the Mentally Ill International Perspectives Duncan Chappell Advances in Police Theory and Practice Series Series Editor: Dilip K. Das Policing and the Mentally Ill: International Perspectives Duncan Chappell Security Governance, Policing, and Local Capacity Kam C. Wong Policing in Hong Kong: History and Reform Jan Froestad with Clifford D. Shearing Police Performance Appraisals: A Comparative Perspective Serdar Kenan Gul and Paul O’Connell Police Reform in The New Democratic South Africa Moses Montesh and Vinesh Basdeo Los Angeles Police Department Meltdown: The Fall of the Professional-Reform Model of Policing James Lasley Financial Crimes: A Global Threat Maximillian Edelbacher, Peter Kratcoski, and Michael Theil Police Integrity Management in Australia: Global Lessons for Combating Police Misconduct Louise Porter and Tim Prenzler The Crime Numbers Game: Management by Manipulation John A. Eterno and Eli B. Silverman The International Trafficking of Human Organs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective Leonard Territo and Rande Matteson Police Reform in China Kam C. Wong Mission-Based Policing John P. Crank, Dawn M. Irlbeck, Rebecca K. Murray, and Mark Sundermeier The New Khaki: The Evolving Nature of Policing in India Arvind Verma Cold Cases: An Evaluation Model with Follow-up Strategies for Investigators James M. Adcock and Sarah L. Stein Policing Organized Crime: Intelligence Strategy Implementation Petter Gottschalk Security in Post-Conflict Africa: The Role of Nonstate Policing Bruce Baker Policing and the Mentally Ill International Perspectives Edited by Duncan Chappell Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20121126 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-8117-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Series Preface ix Preface xiii Introduction xv About the Editor xxix Contributors xxxi Section I DEVELOPMENTS IN NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE 1 Developing a Statewide Approach to Specialised Policing Response (SPR) Programme Implementation 3 MELISSA REULAND, LAURA DRAPER, AND BLAKE NORTON 2 Improving Relationships Between Police and People With Mental Illnesses: Canadian Developments 19 DOROTHY COTTON AND TERRY COLEMAN 3 European Police and Persons With Mental Illnesses: A Review of the Contemporary Literature 39 RHONDA MOORE Section II DEVELOPMENTS IN AUSTRALIA 4 NSW Police Force Mental Health Intervention Team: Forging a New Path Forward in Mental Health and Policing in the Community 65 DAVID DONOHUE AND GINA ANDREWS v vi Contents 5 The Mental Health Intervention Program: Preventing and Resolving Mental Health Crisis Situations 105 QUEENSLAND POLICE SERVICE 6 Core Requirements of a Best Practise Model for Police Encounters Involving People Experiencing Mental Illness in Australia: A Victorian Perspective 121 STUART THOMAS 7 Policing and the Mentally Ill: Victimisation and Offending in Severe Mental Illness 137 TAMSIN SHORT 8 The Role of Mental Disorders in Use of Force Incidents Between the Police and the Public 153 DRAGANA KESIC 9 Mental Health Crisis Interventions and the Politics of Police Use of Deadly Force 171 KATRINA CLIFFORD 10 Mental Health Frequent Presenters: Key Concerns, Case Management Approaches, and Policy and Programme Considerations for Emergency Services 197 GINA ANDREWS AND EILEEN BALDRY 11 Compounding Mental and Cognitive Disability and Disadvantage: Police as Care Managers 219 EILEEN BALDRY AND LEANNE DOWSE 12 Legal Myth Busting and Frontline Mental Health Decision Making 235 SIMON BRONITT AND JANE GATH Contents vii 13 Police Officer Mental Illness, Suicide, and the Effects of a Policing Organisation 247 STEPHEN BARRON Section III THE DEVELOPING WORLD 14 Community Policing and People With Mental Disorders: Responding to Developing World Challenges in Papua New Guinea 283 DUNCAN CHAPPELL 15 Reflections on Policing and Mental Health in Africa: Integrating and Regulating Diverse Healing and Policing Systems 293 FLEUR BEAUPERT 16 Policing and Mentally Ill Persons in Hong Kong 311 SHARON INGRID KWOK, T. WING LO, AND PERCY LEE