P l u r a l i s m P o l i t i c a l in A n a l y s i s P l u r a l i s m P o l i t i c a l in A n a l y s i s William E. Connolly, editor ~~ ~~o~;~;~~;up LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 1969 by Transaction Publishers Published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 1969 by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2010003340 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pluralism in political analysis / William E. Connolly, editor. p. cm. Originally published: The bias of pluralism. New York : Atherton, 1969. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-202-36363-9 1. Cultural pluralism. 2. Political science--United States--History. I.Connolly, William E. II. Connolly, William E. Bias of pluralism. JA84.U5C65 2010 320.5--dc22 2010003340 ISBN 13: 978-0-202-36363-9 (pbk) Contents Preface Vll I The Critique of Pluralist Theory 1 The Challenge to Pluralist Theory 3 WILLIAM E. CONNOLL Y 2 The Cosmology of Arthur F. Bentley 35 MYRON Q. HALE 3 Two Faces of Power 51 PETER BACHRACH and MORTON S. BARATZ 11 Toward a New Diagnosis 4 Power To Do What? 67 ANDREW HACKER 5 The Public Philosophy: Interest-Group Liberalism 81 THEODORE LOWI 6 Is There a Military-Industrial Complex which Prevents Peace?: Consensus and Countervailing Power in Pluralistic Systems 123 MARC PILISUK and THOMAS HAYDEN Ill Standards and Strategies of Change 7 The Public Interest 159 BRIAN BARRY 8 Human Nature and Participatory Democracy 178 Participatory Democracy: Ten Years Later 201 ARNOLD S. KAUFMAN 9 The Politics of Social Change: The Relevance of Democratic Approaches 213 DAVID KETTLER Selected Bibliography 251 Index 257 Preface The preoccupation of many political scientists with political taxonomy obscures the fact that "democratic plural ism" remains the dominant theory of politics for modern in dustrial societies with competing party systems. Taxonomies such as structural-functional analysis, systems analysis, com munications "theory," and decision-making analysis-provide schema from which political theories can be generated. But whichever taxonomy is employed by contemporary researchers, the theory that most often emerges is the theory of pluralism. The purpose of this volume is to subject pluralist theory to critical examination. The authors do not claim that the theory is totally untenable; we do contend that conventional formula tions of the pluralist interpretation are defective in several re spects. As empirical theory, the conventional interpretation rests upon precarious and, often, unacknowledged assumptions. As normative theory, it projects impoverished ideals. As ideol ogy, it fosters complacency among students of politics when creative reappraisal is needed. The essays by David Kettler and myself are published here for the first time. Myron Hale's essay is a revised and enlarged version of an earlier publication. Arnold Kaufman has added an epilogue to his earlier published essay. The essays by Peter Bachrach and Morton Baratz, Andrew Hacker, Theodore Lowi, Marc Pilisuk and Thomas Hayden, and Brian Barry are re printed here without revision. Acknowledgments are given at the beginning of each essay. I would like to thank the contributors for suggestions about the format and content of this volume. Special thanks are due to Myron Hale, Arnold Kaufman, and David Kettler, who read and criticized an early draft of the introductory essay, and to Zillah Eisenstein, who helped prepare the index. TI @ The Critique of @ Pluralist Theory