Playing Smart Playful Thinking Jesper Juul, Geoffrey Long, and William Uricchio, editors The Art of Failure: An Essay on the Pain of Playing Video Games, Jesper Juul, 2013 Uncertainty in Games, Greg Costikyan, 2013 Play Matters, Miguel Sicart, 2014 Works of Game: On the Aesthetics of Games and Art, John Sharp, 2015 How Games Move Us: Emotion by Design, Katherine Isbister, 2016 Playing Smart: On Games, Intelligence, and Artificial Intelligence, Julian Togelius, 2018 Playing Smart On Games, Intelligence, and Artificial Intelligence Julian Togelius The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2018 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in ITC Stone Serif Std by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Togelius, Julian, author. Title: Playing smart : on games, intelligence and Artificial Intelligence / Julian Togelius. Description: Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, [2018] | Series: Playful thinking | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018010191 | ISBN 9780262039031 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Video games--Psychological aspects. | Video games-- Design. | Intellect. | Thought and thinking. | Artificial intelligence. Classification: LCC GV1469.34.P79 T64 2018 | DDC 794.8--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018010191 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents On Thinking Playfully vii Jesper Juul, Geoffrey Long, and William Uricchio Prologue: AI&I ix What Is This Book? xiii 1 In the Beginning of AI, There Were Games 1 2 Do You Need to Be Intelligent to Play Games? 11 3 What Is (Artificial) Intelligence? 25 4 Do Video Games Have Artificial Intelligence? 41 5 Growing a Mind and Learning to Play 57 6 Do Games Learn from You When You Play Them? 75 7 Automating Creativity 91 8 Designing for AI 115 9 General Intelligence and Games in General 129 10 Synthesis 137 Further Reading 141 Notes 145 Bibliography 153 Index 161 On Thinking Playfully On Thinking Playfully On Thinking Playfully © Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAll Rights Reserved Many people (we series editors included) find video games exhil- arating, but it can be just as interesting to ponder why that is so. What do video games do? What can they be used for? How do they work? How do they relate to the rest of the world? Why is play both so important and so powerful? Playful Thinking is a series of short, readable, and argu- mentative books that share some playfulness and excitement with the games that they are about. Each book in the series is small enough to fit in a backpack or coat pocket, and combines depth with readability for any reader interested in playing more thoughtfully or thinking more playfully. This includes, but is by no means limited to, academics, game makers, and curious players. So we are casting our net wide. Each book in our series pro- vides a blend of new insights and interesting arguments with overviews of knowledge from game studies and other areas. You will see this reflected not just in the range of titles in our series, but in the range of authors creating them. Our basic assumption is simple: video games are such a flourishing medium that any new perspective on them is likely to show us something unseen or forgotten, including those from such unconventional voices viii On Thinking Playfully as artists, philosophers, or specialists in other industries or fields of study. These books are bridge builders, cross-pollinating both areas with new knowledge and new ways of thinking. At its heart, this is what Playful Thinking is all about: new ways of thinking about games and new ways of using games to think about the rest of the world. Jesper Juul Geoffrey Long William Uricchio