PIPE DRAFTING AND DESIGN To Kathy I am my beloved’s, and my beloved is mine. Roy To Mary Thank you for your help and support. Robert PIPE DRAFTING AND DESIGN THIRD EDITION Roy A. Parisher and Robert A. Rhea AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier To Kathy I am my beloved’s, and my beloved is mine. Roy To Mary Thank you for your help and support. Robert Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK First edition 1995 Second edition 2001 Third edition 2012 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-12-384700-3 For information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at elsevierdirect.com Typeset by MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company, Chennai, India www.macmillansolutions.com Printed and bound in United States of America 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface Pipe Drafting and Design, Third Edition provides New to this edition step-by-step instructions to walk pipe designers, draft- l A large-scale four-Unit imaginary project that includes ers and students through the creation of flow diagrams, Flow diagrams, Foundation Location, Equipment piping arrangement and isometric drawings. It includes Location, and Piping Arrangement drawings, as well as instructions for the proper drawing of symbols for fit- structural steel drawings and details, civil/foundation tings, flanges, valves and mechanical equipment found details, equipment vendor drawings, and electrical on various types of piping drawings. Power, Lighting, and Grounding Plans for each Unit. More than 350 illustrations and photographs pro- l Updated discussion and use of modern CAD and 3D vide examples and visual instructions. A unique fea- software tools ture is the systematic creation and arrangement of l Additional exercisers, drawings and dimensioning drawings that begins with the development of a flow charts to provide practice and assessment. diagram then progresses to the layout of the struc- tural and equipment foundations of a piping facility. Ancillaries: Once mechanical equipment has been positioned and For instructors, an educational support package oriented the piping components are added. The text is available that contains a set of electronic images of continues through to the development of a 3D model. figures in the book, and solutions to the end of chap- Advanced chapters discuss the use of 3D software tools ter problem sets. The files are available to instructors from which elevation, section and isometric drawings, by registering at: http://textbooks.elsevier.com/web/ and bills of materials are extracted. Manuals.aspx?isbn=9780123847003. vii Acknowledgments Nicole Blythe: AutoCAD 3D model included for their instructional value. They have been Michael F. Fox: San Jacinto College Central proofed for accuracy but are not guaranteed for any par- R. B. Herrscher: Nisseki Chemical Texas, Inc. ticular purpose. The publisher and authors do not offer Alan Human: Flexitallic, Inc. any representations or warranties, nor do they accept Kenneth Kluge: PDMS 3D model any liabilities with respect to the material, applications, Irv Levine: AVEVA, Inc. procedures, dimensioning charts, and/or routines. Heather Marquis: PDMS 3D model and Trademarks www.learnpdms.com tutorials AutoCAD® is registered in the U.S. Patent and Roger Parisher: Hodell-Natco, Inc. Trademark office by Autodesk, Inc. The material, applications, procedures, dimensioning PDMS® is a registered trademark of AVEA, Inc. an charts, and routines presented in this book have been AVEVA Group plc company. ix About the Authors Roy A. Parisher is a professor in the engineering Robert A. Rhea is a former associate professor of design graphics department at San Jacinto College engineering technology at the University of Houston Central in Pasadena, Texas, where he has taught for Downtown, Houston, Texas. over 30 years. xi C H A P T E R 1 Overview of Pipe Drafting and Design In the design of an industrial facility, engineers l pharmaceutical plants; develop process flow sheets, set up project specifications, l food and beverage processing plants; and design or select equipment. The design drafters use l synthetic fuel plants; the information supplied by engineers and equipment l offshore platforms; vendors and apply the knowledge and experience gained l pipe line installations; in the office and field to design and lay out the facility. l water treatment facilities; In the design and layout of an industrial complex, l environmental waste disposal. thousands of piping drawings are needed to provide Many projects will be designed for construction in detailed information to the craftsmen who will con- other countries, offering the designer opportunities for struct the facility. Facility design and layout must meet travel. Each project presents drafters and designers with the customer’s expectations as well as comply with opportunities to expand their skills and knowledge of safety codes, government standards, client specifica- the field of piping design. tions, budget, and start-up date. The piping group has the main responsibility for the design and layout of the facility. Drafters and design- EMPLOYERS OF PIPE DRAFTERS ers must coordinate their efforts with the civil, struc- AND DESIGNERS tural, electrical, and instrumentation groups throughout the design process. The piping group must provide all Employers seek to hire pipe drafters and designers other design groups with the information they need to range for various companies. Among them are complete their part of the project. This timely ‘sharing’ of information will guarantee the complete set of con- l engineering and construction companies; struction drawings will be finished on schedule. During l operating companies; this time, it may be necessary for designers to visit l architectural firms; the plant construction site to establish tie-ins or verify l construction companies; information necessary to complete the design. l fabrication companies. TYPES OF PROJECTS ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES The pipe drafting and design discipline includes the widest range of opportunities in the field of design Engineering and construction companies provide the drafting. The types of design projects one could expect design and layout of a facility. Many clients award the to work on may include engineering and design phase of a project to one firm and l power plants; the construction phase to another. Although many operat- l petrochemical complex; ing companies have a small engineering staff who handle l pulp and paper plants; the day-to-day needs of changing and updating draw- l fertilizer plants; ings, such as adding a pump or other small equipment, l pipe systems for hospitals and high-rise office they do not have the manpower to design and engineer a buildings; grassroots plant or major add-on. Total plant design and 1 Pipe Drafting and Design. © 22001121 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 1. OvERvIEw Of PIPE DRAfTIng AnD DEsIgn construction may require hundreds of workers and may CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES entail years in the design and construction of the plant. Many firms specialize only in the construction of plants. Here the piping designer may actually help OPERATING COMPANIES oversee the construction of the facility while working under the supervision of a construction superintendent. Operating companies are the clients who engage The designer is often called upon to make small design in the day-to-day operation of a facility and who seek changes resulting from mistakes discovered during the out the services of engineering and construction firms construction phase or as customers dictate changes. At when expanding existing facilities or constructing a the completion of the project, drawings are updated to new project. Many operating companies keep a small reflect the many changes made during construction. engineering staff in the home office or at the plant job These drawings are called or referred to as “as-built” site. Designers are exposed to the day-to-day opera- drawings. tions of the facility and follow the construction of small projects. This situation may require that the designer FABRICATION COMPANIES have a broad range of knowledge and skills, as he or she often may be asked to design and lay out the com- plete project. The design may prepare foundation, steel, Fabrication companies fabricate and ship much of and piping drawings as needed, and may even do some the piping necessary for the construction of the plant electrical and instrumentation design when required. to the job site. Many fabrication drawings called piping spool drawings must be prepared. These drawings give detailed dimensions from which welders can fabricate ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING the pipe. The drafter who prepares these drawings will COMPANIES not be required to have an extensive background in plant layout; however, the position provides the drafter with valuable experience in materials and material science. Pipe drafters and designers employed by architec- tural engineering companies apply their skills to com- mercial and high-rise buildings. These may include PREPARATION FOR PIPING DRAFTING multistory office buildings, hospitals, condominiums, shopping malls, or other similar structures. In addi- Students must have a good background in basic tion to the industrial piping components such as those drafting before pursuing a job in the field of pipe draft- found in a typical boiler room, supplementary piping ing and design. Students should have good manual systems must be designed for plumbing, HVAC (heat- drafting skills related to line quality and freehand let- ing, ventilating, and air conditioning), and drainage tering. At the same time, students must acquire knowl- systems that are also required in these structures. edge of the latest drafting software programs such as Pipe drafters and designers must therefore be able to AutoCAD1 and MicroStation2. As students advance, develop drawings such as they may use sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) l piping flow sheets; software programs that automatically generate plotted l plot plans; drawings and isometrics from a 3D model. l equipment location drawings; l piping arrangement drawings; l piping isometric drawings. TECHNICAL SKILLS Learning the “language” of piping prepares employ- A pipe drafter must become familiar with the numer- ees for advancement to other departments within the ous symbols used to represent fittings, flanges, valves, engineering firms. These departments include not only and mechanical equipment. This will require the time the drafting and design departments but also and effort needed to draw the symbol shapes by search- l purchasing; ing through catalogs and dimensioning charts in order l material control; to find the size dimensions needed to draw each piping l material takeoff; component to scale. Often beginning drafters start out l estimating; making corrections to existing drawings. This is where l pipe stress and pipe supports; l computer-aided drafting (CAD) support; 1 Autodesk. Inc. l project management. 2 Bentley Systems, Inc. PIPE DRAFTING AND DESIGN