PILGRIMAGE IN GRAECO-ROMAN & EARLY CHRISTIAN ANTIQUITY This page intentionally left blank Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman & Early Christian Antiquity Seeing the Gods Editedby ´ JAS ELSNER and IAN RUTHERFORD 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto WithoYcesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork (cid:1)OxfordUniversityPress2005 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2005 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,Norfolk ISBN0–19–925079–0 978–0–19–925079–0 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Acknowledgements Many of the papers in this volume had their origin in a conference on pilgrimage(SeeingtheGods.Patterns of Pilgrimagein Graeco-Roman Antiquity) heldat the University of Reading in July 2000.The editors would like to thank the University of Reading for providing facilities and the British Academy for a conference grant that helped to pay for the expenses of speakers. We would like to thank David Levenson, Barbara Kowalzig, and the Press’s anonymous readers. Ian Rutherford would like to thank the University of Cincinnati for granting him a TytusFellowshipinthespringof2003,inthecourseofwhichsomeof theintroductionwaswritten. This page intentionally left blank Contents Listoffigures x Abbreviations xiii Contributors xvi Introduction 1 Ja´sElsnerandIanRutherford PART I. CLASSICAL AND HELLENISTIC PILGRIMAGE 1. MappingoutCommunitas:PerformancesofTheo¯ria intheirSacredandPoliticalContext 41 BarbaraKowalzig 2. HiketaiandTheo¯roiatEpidauros 73 FredNaiden 3. PilgrimagetotheOracleofApolloatDelphi:Patterns ofPublicandPrivateConsultation 97 MichaelArnush 4. ‘Pilgrimage’andGreekReligion:Sacredand SecularinthePaganPolis 111 ScottScullion 5. Down-StreamtotheCat-Goddess:Herodotuson EgyptianPilgrimage 131 IanRutherford 6. ThePhilosopherattheFestival:Plato’s TransformationofTraditionalTheo¯ria 151 AndreaWilsonNightingale viii Contents PART II. PILGRIMAGE IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE 7. TheBodyinSpace:VisualDynamicsin Graeco-RomanHealingPilgrimage 183 AlexiaPetsalis-Diomidis 8. MucianusandaTouchoftheMiraculous: PilgrimageandTourisminRomanAsiaMinor 219 GeorgeWilliamson 9. PilgrimageasEliteHabitus:EducatedPilgrims inSacredLandscapeDuringtheSecondSophistic 253 MarcoGalli 10. TheConstructionofReligiousSpaceinPausanias 291 WilliamHutton 11. AJourneytotheEndoftheWorld 319 AndrewFear 12. PilgrimsandEthnographers:InSearchofthe SyrianGoddess 333 J.L.Lightfoot 13. DivineandHumanFeet:RecordsofPilgrims HonouringIsis 353 SaroltaA.Taka´cs PART III. JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN PILGRIMAGE 14. RabbiAqibaComestoRome:AJewish PilgrimageinReverse? 373 DavidNoy 15. ‘IntermingledUntiltheEndofTime’:Ambiguity asaCentralConditionofEarlyChristianPilgrimage 387 WendyPullan 16. PietyandPassion:ContestandConsensus inthe AudiencesforEarlyChristianPilgrimage 411 Ja´sElsner Contents ix 17. UrbanShrineandRuralSaintinFifth-Century Alexandria 435 DavidFrankfurter Bibliography 451 Index 501