PIETY, POWER, AND POLITICS Pitt Latin American Series B ILL I E R. DEWA L T, General Editor RE I 0 AN 0 REWS, Associate Editor CARMEN DIANA DEERE, Associate Editor Puty, P~~1", ~~ P~li~J RELIGION AND NATION FORMATION IN GUATEMALA Douglass Sullivan-Gonzalez University ofP ittsburgh Press Published by the University ofP ittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa. If26I Copyright © I998, University ofP ittsburgh Press All rights reserved Manufoctured in the United States ofA merica Printed on acid-free paper IO 9 87 65 4 3 2 I Sullivan-Gonzalez, Douglass. Piety, power, and politics: religion and nationjormation in Guatemala, I82I-I87I / Douglass Sullivan-Gonzalez. p. cm. - (Pitt Latin America series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8229-4057-4 (alk. paper) I. Catholic Church-Guatemala-I9th century. 2. Church and state-Guatemala-History-I9th century. 3. Guatemala-Politics and government-I82I-I945. 4. Guatemala-Church historY--I9th century. 5. Carrera, Rafoel I8I4-I865. I Title. II Series. BXI438.2S85 I998 972. iI '044-dc2I A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. For Maribel Frances, and Renee Figures, Maps, and Tables IX Preface Xl I Piety, Power, and Politics I 2 The Catholic Church Regroups 19 3 Popular Protest and Religious Commotions 34 4 The Covenant 60 5 Carrera, the Church, and Nation Formation 81 6 What Changed? 120 Notes 133 Chronology 161 Bibliography 163 Index 177 Figu.1"~j, M~PJ, ~ T~'l~J Figures I Beneficed and Interim Priests, 1829-1868 23 2 Number of Parish Assignments and Tenure, 1819-1868 28 3 Median Stay of Parish Priests, 1819-1868 29 Maps I Geographical Regions of Guatemala 6 2 Regional Guatemalan Troop Strength no Tables I Clergy Serving Parishes in Guatemala, 1829-1868 22 2 Regular and Secular Clergy Serving Parishes in Guatemala, 1829-1868 25 3 Foreign Clergy Serving Parishes in Guatemala, 1829-1868 26 4 2,024 Parish Assignments and Tenure in Guatemala, 1819-1868 27 5 Median Stay of Parish Priests in Guatemala, 1819-1868 29 6 Chronology of Pastoral Visits, 1845-1871 77 7 Regional Guatemalan Troops for 1863 War 109 ix