NEU Bildwörterbuch TIERE Englisch, Deutsch JaguarM jaguar Carnivorous mammal of Central and South America with spotted fur; it is an excellent swimmer and hunts at night. Bildwörterbuch TIERE Jean-Claude Corbeil Ariane Archambault PONS GmbH Stuttgart I N H A L T S V E R Z E I C H N I S 8 ENTWICKLUNG DES LEBENS 60 FISCHE Evolution of life Fishes 8 Entstehung und Entwicklung der Arten 60 Knorpelfisch 62 Knochenfisch 10 EINFACHE ORGANISMEN UND ECHINODERMEN Simple organisms and echinoderms 66 AMPHIBIEN 10 Tierische Zelle Amphibians 12 Einzeller 66 Frosch 14 Schwamm 73 Beispiele für Amphibien 15 Echinodermen 74 REPTILIEN 18 INSEKTEN UND SPINNENTIERE Reptiles Insects and arachnids 74 Dinosaurier 18 Schmetterling 76 Schlange 24 Honigbiene 78 Schildkröte 35 Beispiele für Insekten 81 Beispiele für Reptilien 39 Beispiele für Spinnentiere 40 Spinne 84 VÖGEL Birds 44 WEICHTIERE 84 Vogel Molluscs 97 Unterschiedliche Vogeltypen 44 Schnecke 48 Einschalige Muschel 106 INSEKTENFRESSER 49 Zweischalige Muschel Insectivorous mammals 52 Tintenfisch 106 Maulwurf 108 Beispiele für Insektenfresser 56 KREBSE Crustaceans 56 Hummer \ 109 NAGETIERE UND HASENTIERE 156 PRIMATEN Rodents and lagomorphs Primate mammals 109 Nagetier 156 Gorilla 112 Beispiele für Nagetiere 158 Beispiele für Primaten 114 Nagetierkiefer und Hasentierkiefer 116 Beispiele für Hasentiere 160 BEUTELTIERE Marsupial mammals 117 HUFTIERE_______________________ 160 Känguru Ungulate mammals 163 Beispiele für Beuteltiere 117 Pferd 127 Beispiele für Hufe 164 FLEDERTIERE 128 Beispiele für Huftiere Flying mammals 133 RAUBTIERE______________________ 164 Fledermaus 168 Beispiele für Fledertiere Carnivorous mammals 133 Hund 169 REGISTER 138 Hunderassen 140 Katze 143 Katzenrassen 144 Beispiele für Raubtiere 149 MEERESSÄUGETIERE_____________ Marine mammals 149 Beispiele für Meeressäugetiere 152 Delphin ENTWICKLUNG DES LEBENS Entstehung [und Entwicklung^ der ArtenF I origin and evolution of s, Since its formation some 4.6 billion years ago, the earth has witnessed the genesis of continents and oceans and the appearance of animals and vegetation. Cyanobakterium^ cyanobacteria Präkambrium N Blue-green algae, among the first living Precambrian microscopic organisms to appear on The oldest and longest geological era, earth. marked by the formation of continents and the appearance of ocean life. FarneM ferns Archaeognathaf These plants developed by the water’s archaeognatha edge. Consisting of roots, a stem and The oldest known insect fossil; it was leaves, they could reach the height of wingless and had long antennae. present-day trees. Ordovizium^ Karbon N Ordovician Carboniferous Geological period marked by the appearance of Geological period marked by the the first vertebrates and new marine appearance of reptiles and winged invertebrates. Corals, sponges and molluscs insects. Plants (ferns, cereals) continued were especially abundant. evolving. Kambrium N Silurw DevonN Cambrian Silurian Devonian Geological period marked by the evolution of Geological period marked by the Geological period marked by the animals (appearance of molluscs, appearance of fish with jaws and the appearance of amphibians, insects and the crustaceans) and the extinction of half of the first land plants. first land animals. This period saw the marine invertebrates. proliferation offish and plants. ENTWICKLUNG DES LEBENS Entstehungf und Entwicklungf der ArtenF Blütenpflanzen F flowering plants Appearing at the end of the Jurassic period, these plant species diversified widely over time; today, they form the largest group of plants on earth. Megazostrodon^ megazostrodon About the size of a mouse and one of Homo sapiens sapiens^ the first mammals to appear on earth; a ProconsulM homo sapiens sapiens mainly nocturnal insectivore. proconsul The representative of the first modern Large primate fossil, thought to be the man appeared about 100,000 years Archaeopteryx^ ancestor of the chimpanzee. ago. archaeopteryx Animal fossil capable of flight; it had certain characteristics of a reptile (claws, teeth, long bony tail) and others of a bird (wings, feathers). Quartär^ Quaternary The most recent geological period in the earth’s history; it is marked by glaciations and the appearance of modern humans. Tertiär^ Tertiary Period marked by the diversification and dominance of mammals (appearance of horses, whales and others). First primates \ also appeared. Trias'v Juraw KreideF Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Geological period marked by the breaking Geological period during which the This period was marked by the apart of the great protocontinent, the dinosaurs ruled the world. The Atlantic extinction of 75% of plant and animal formation of today’s continents and the Ocean was formed at this time, species, including the dinosaurs. appearance of mammals. Permw Permian Geological period marked by the predominance of reptiles and amphibians. The continental mass now formed into a great protocontinent: Pangea. EINFACHE ORGANISMEN UND ECHINODERMEN tierische ZelleFI animal cell Smallest living structure and constituent unit of all animals, including human beings; its size and shape vary according to function. Kernmembran F nuclear membrane Envelope formed of two layers surrounding the nucleus and pierced with small holes, which allow exchanges between the cytoplasm and the nucleus Zellkern M nucleus Organelle containing a cell’s genes and controlling its activities. NukleolusM nucleolus Small, spherical body located inside the nucleus, within which the ribosomes, or protein-synthesizing structures, are produced. Chromatin N chromatin Mass of very fine filaments of DNA, the genetic material of the cell; it is compressed into chromosomes during cell division. Mikrotubulusw microtubule Cylindrical structure supporting the cell and allowing organelles and substances inside the cell to move about. Mitochondrium^ mitochondrion Ovoid organelle that produces the energy necessary for cell activity. Peroxysom^ peroxisome Organelle containing enzymes that neutralize the cell’s toxic substances. Zentrioiw centriole Structure consisting of small rods that play a major role in cell division. Each cell usually contains two. EINFACHE ORGANISMEN UND ECHINODERMEN tierische Zellef Ribosom N ribosome Organelle, free or attached to the Lysosom^ endoplasmic reticulum, producing lysosome proteins essential to the constitution and functioning of living beings. Small, spheroid organ containing enzymes that break down food, spent cell components and other harmful substances that have been absorbed. Golgi-ApparatM Golgi apparatus Organelle composed of a series of pockets that receive proteins produced by the ribosomes and either transport them outside the cell or to other organelles. endoplasmatisches Retikulum N endoplasmic reticulum Organelle formed of walls to which the ribosomes are attached. Mikrofilament^ microfilament Rod-shaped structure supporting the cell and giving it its shape. Zytoplasma w cytoplasm Clear gelatinous substance surrounding the various cellular structures. Vakuole f vacuole Spherical cavity containing water, waste and various substances required by the cell. Zytoplasmamembran F cell membrane The cell’s flexible outer casing; it separates the cell from the surrounding environment and works as a filter to control the entry and exit of certain substances. Wimped cilium Filament-like extension of the cytoplasmic membrane allowing the cell and certain substances on its surface to move about. EINFACHE ORGANISMEN UND ECHINODERMEN Einzeller" I unicellulars Single-cell organisms living in freshwater or salt water, in humid soil or as parasites of other organisms (plants or animals). Amöbe F amoeba Variably shaped, single-cell organism, found in freshwater or salt water, in humid soil or, sometimes, as a parasite of animals. It moves about and feeds with the help of pseudopodia. Plasmamembran F plasma membrane The cell’s flexible outer casing; it separates the cell from the surrounding environment pulsierende Vakuole F and works as a filter to control the entry contractile vacuole and exit of certain substances. Spheroid cavity acting as a pump to evacuate excess water and waste from the cell. Pseudopodium N pseudopod Nahrungsvakuole F Extension of the cytoplasmic food vacuole nucleus membrane and cytoplasm allowing the Spheroid cavity in which the amoeba Organelle containing a cell’s genes and amoeba to move about and to trap its traps its prey to digest it. controlling its activities. prey. EINFACHE ORGANISMEN UND ECHINODERMEN Einzeller'1* Paramecium^ paramecium Ovoid-shaped, single-cell organism generally found in freshwater and covered with cilia, which allow it to move about and to feed, mainly on bacteria. WimperF cilia Filament-like extension of the cytoplasmic membrane allowing the Nahrungsvakuole F cell and certain substances on its food vacuole surface to move about. Spheroid cavity in which food particles from the cytopharynx are digested. PlasmamembranF plasma membrane The cell’s flexible outer casing; it separates the Mikronukleus^ cell from the surrounding environment and micronucleus works as a filter to control the entry and exit of Small nucleus ensuring cell certain substances. reproduction. Peristomw peristome Depression lined with cilia, which undulate to direct food particles towards the cytostome. Zytostomw Makronukleus M cytostome macronucleus Opening corresponding to the mouth Large nucleus controlling cellular and allowing ingestion of food and activities. rejection of undesirable elements. Zytopharynxw cytopharynx Zytoplasma N Fold of the plasma membrane; food cytoplasm particles originating in the cytostome Clear gelatinous substance are directed towards it. surrounding the various cellular structures. heranwachsende Nahrungsvakuole F forming food vacuole The paramecium continually produces food vacuoles out of cytoplasmic membrane. Each food vacuole traps food particles accumulated in the bottom of the cytopharynx. pulsierende contractile vacuole Spheroid cavity acting as a pump to evacuate excess water and waste from the cytoproct cell. Orifice corresponding to the anus; the food vacuole opens into it, allowing waste to be eliminated.