Phytoplankton in Turbid Environments: Rivers and Shallow Lakes Developments in Hydrobiology 100 Series editor H. J. Dumont Phytoplankton in Turbid Environments: Rivers and Shallow Lakes Proceedings of the 9th Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP) held in Mont Rigi (Belgium), 10-18 July 1993 Edited by J.-P. Descy, C.S. Reynolds & J. Padisak Reprinted trom Hydrobiologia, vol. 289 (1994) Springer-Science+Business Media, BV. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-4464-8 ISBN 978-94-017-2670-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-2670-2 Printed an acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1994 No part of the material protected by this copyright natice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. v Contents Foreword Vll 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 List of participants IX Introductory paper Are phytoplankton dynamics in rivers so different from those in shallow lakes? by C. So Reynolds, Jo-Po Descy & Jo Padisak 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 Contributions from the workshop The long, the short and the stalled: on the attributes of phytoplankton selected by physical mixing in lakes and rivers by C. So Reynolds 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Meroplankton dynamics in a saline, turbulent, turbid shallow lake (Neusiedlersee, Austria and Hungary) by Jo Padisak & Mo Dokulil 23 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 An elementary, structural analysis of river phytoplankton by C. Rojo, Mo Alvarez Cobelas & Mo Arauzo 43 000000000000000000000000000000000000 Algal assemblages from shallow lakes of the Salado River Basin (Argentina) by 1. Izaguirre & Ao Vinocur 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Environmental control of phytoplankton productivity in turbulent turbid systems by Mo To Dokulil 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Origin and succession of phytoplankton in a river-lake system (Spree, Germany) by J Köhler 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cyanophycean blooms in the reservoir of Val J oly (N orthern France) and their development in downstream rivers by J Prygiel & Mo Leitao 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Main characteristics of the phytoplankton of the Southern Hungarian section of the River Danube by Ao Schmidt 97 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comparative analysis of the phytoplankton of fifteen lowland fluvial systems of the River Plate Basin (Argentina) by 1. O'Farrell 109 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 00000000000 Modelling phytoplankton development in wh oie drainage networks: the RIVERSTRAHLER Model applied to the Seine river system by Go Billen, Jo Garnier & Pho Hanset 119 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Development and ecological importance of phytoplankton in a large lowland river (River Meuse, Belgium by Jo-Po Descy & Vo Gosselain 139 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Synurophyceae) from some rivers and shallow lakes in Hungary by Ko T. Kiss & Jo Kristiansen 157 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Ecological observations on Skeletonemapotamos (Weber) Hasle in the River Danube, near Budap- est (1991-92, daily investigations) by Ko To Kiss, Eo Äcs & Ao Kovacs 163 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 VI Shallows of the lower Danube as additional sourees of potamoplankton by M. P. Stoyneva ............................................................ 171 The phytoplankton eommunity of the River Meuse (Belgium): seasonal dynamies (year 1992) and the possible ineidenee of zooplankton grazing by V. Gosselain, J.-P. Desey & E. Everbeeq .............................. ......... 179 Bloom formation of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon jlos-aquae in a shallov;, eutrophie, Danish lake by B. A. J aeobsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193 Phytoplankton dynamies in a shallow, hypertrophie reservoir (Lake Araneio, Sieily) by R. Barone & L. Naselli Flores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 199 Hl'drobiologia 289, 1994 . .J.-P. Des(".\". C. S. Re1"llolds & J. Padisäk (eds), Phytoplanktoll in Tl/rbid EIll'irOllll1ents: Ril'ers and Slwl!oH" Lake.\". Vll Foreword The ninth workshop of the International Association for Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP) was held in Mont Rigi, Belgium, from the 10th to the 18th of J uly 1993. The previous workshop, held in Baja, Hungary, focused on the relevance of the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis to plankton ecology (Padisak et al., H.1'drobiologia 249,1993). Papers dealing with highly disturbed environments, like very shallow lakes and rivers, drew attention to opportunities for comparing the phytoplankton ecology of these systems. For this reason, the main announced topic of the 1993 meeting was "Phytoplankton of turbulent and turbid freshwater systems (rivers and shallow lakes)". Thirty-seven scientists from sixteen countries participated in the workshop. After a historical review of Belgian algology by Prof. J .-J. Symocns, twcnty-four papers were presented during the three-day session on phytoplankton ecology. The primary purpose of the workshop organizers was to focus on the ecology of potamoplankton, wh ich has received less attention than lake plankton. In this respect, the aim of the meeting was to produce a synthesis on the composition, community structure and dynamics of lotic phytoplankton, \vhich are intuitively submitted to a strong physical control in the flowing environment, perceived as much more "disturbed" than a lake, even than weil-mixed shallow ones. It turned out that the boundary be tween phytoplankton of rivers and lakes is not as clear-cut as was thought. In particular, most contri butions provided arguments emphasizing the prominent role of physical control in both aquatic systems, especially due to the steep light gradient resulting from turbulent mixing in a turbid water column. Similarities and differences between potamoplankton and limnoplankton, largely based on the informa tion gathered at the workshop and from the written contributions, are discussed in the introductory paper, by Reynolds et uf. We would like to thank all the contributors and particularly the persons who led the partial and final discussions, for instance Judit Padisak and Colin Reynolds. After the ecological section, the tradition al microscope session was mainly devoted to centric diatoms, which are often important components of potamoplankton. A review of freshwater centric diatoms was given by Keve Kiss and Rolf Klee. W orth mentioning here is the active participation in living algae sampling and identification of J0rgen Kristiansen. Thc workshop benefitted from the financial support of the Ministry of Environment, Natural Re sources and Agriculture and of the Ministry of the French-speaking Community of Belgium. This sup port covered most organization expenses, including the fees of the invited lecturers. The International Sciencc Foundation provided a travel grant for Irina Trifonova, from Russia. We are also extremely grateful to Mr and Mrs Bovy, and to their family and friends, for having treated us so weil during our stay at the SSHF. Namur, Meise, 15th March 1994 The organizers P. COMPERE J.-P. DESCY Hydrobiologia 289, 1994. J.-P. Descy, C. S. Reynolds & J. Padisak (edsJ, Phytoplankton in Turbid Em'ironmel1ls: Ril'ers and Shallow Lakes. IX List of participants in the ninth IAP workshop Miguel ALVAREZ COBELAS, Centro de Ciencias Medioam J an KÖHLER, Institut Freshwater Ecology and Fisheries, bientales (CSIC), Serrano 115 DPPD E-28006 Madrid Dept. Limnology of lowland rivers and shallow lakes, (Spain). Müggelseedamm, 260, D-12562 Berlin (Gerl11any). Rosella BARoNE, Universita di Palermo, Dipartimento di Jorgen KRISTIANSEN, Departl11ent of Phycology, Botanical Scienze Botaniche, via Archirafi, 38, 1-90123 - Palermo Institute, University of Copenhagen, 0ster Farimagsgade (Haly). 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen (Denl11ark). Gilles BILLEN, Groupe de Microbiologie des Milieux Aqua Maria LEIT AO, Bi-eau, rue J. du Bellay 20bis, F-49100 Angers tiques, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, (France). CP 221, B-I050 Bruxelles (Belgium). Liisa LEPISTÖ, National Board of Waters and the Environ Tsang-Pi CHANG, Rozenstrasse 22, D-85716 Lohhof (Ger ment, P.O. Box 250, SF-00I01 Helsinki (Finland). many). Barbara MONTESANTO, University of Athens, Department of Pierre COMPERE, Algologie, Jardin Botanique National, Do Biology, Panepistimiopolis, Athens GR-15701 (Greece). maine de Bouchout. B-1860 Meise (Belgium). Luigi NASELLI FLORES, Universita di Palermo, Dipartil11ento Gerhild DEISINGER, Institut für Seenforschung, Flatschach di Scienze Botaniche, via Archirafi. 38, 1-90123 Palermo erstrasse, 70, A-9020 Klagenfurt (Austria). (Italy). Jean-Pierre DESCY, Unite d'Ecologie des Eaux Douces, De Ines O'FARRELL, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Fal partement de Biologie, FUNDP, rue de Bruxelles, 61, cultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de B-5000 Namur (Belgium). Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria. 1428 Buenos Aires Martin T. DOKULIL, Institut für Limnologie Österreichisches (Argentina). Akademie der Wissenshaften, A-5310 Mondsee, Gaisberg Judit PADISAK, Balaton Lil11nological Institute of the Hun 116 (Austria). garian Academy of Science, H-8237 Tihany (Hungary). Jean-Claude DRUART, Institut de Limnologie - I.N.R.A., Marco PICARELLA, Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Station d'Hydrobiologie Lacustre, avenue de Corzent, 75, Padova. via Trieste, 75, 1-35121 Padova (Italy). F-74203 Thonon-Ies-bains (France). Kar! PRADER, Pfeffersbergerstrasse 10 a, 39042 Brixen BZ Helene DUCOBU, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Laboratorium (Haly). voor Microbiologie, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, NL-IOI8 Colin S. REYNOLDS, NERC Institute of Freshwater Ecology, WS Al11sterdam (The Netherlands). GB-LA 220LP Ambleside, Cumbria (U.K.). Josette GARNIER. Laboratoire de Geologie appliquee, CNRS Antal SCHMIDT, Environmental Protection Authority, South l!RA 1367. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Place Jussieu ern Danube Region, Peter-Pälu. 8-12. H-6900 Baja (Hun 4, F-75252, Paris (France). gary). Veronique GOSSELAIN, Unite d'Ecologie des Eaux Douces, Annie S0RENSEN, Miljobiologisk Laboratorium APS, Departement de Biologie, FUNDP, rue de Bruxelles, 61, Baunebjergves 5, DK-3050 HUl11lebaek (Denl11ark). B-5000 Namur (Belgium). Maya P. STOYNEVA, Department of Botany, Faculty of Eberhard HEGEWALD, Institut für Biotechnologie der KFA, Biology, Sofia University "St Kl. Ohridski", Bd. Dr. Postfach 1913, D-5170 Jülich (Germany). Zankov 8, Sofia 1000 (Bulgaria). Lucien HOFFMANN, Botanique systematique et Phytogeog Jean-J acques SYMOENS, rue St-Quentin 69. B-I040 Bruxelles raphie, Universite de Liege, Institut de Botanique B22, Sart (Belgium). Tilman, B-4000 Liege (Belgiul11). Renata TREVISAN, Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Irina IZAGUIRRE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Padova, via Trieste, 75, 1-35121 Padova (Italy). Cni\'ersidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Irina TRIFONOVA, Institute of Lake Research, Russian Acad Biologicas, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos aires emy of Sciences, Sevastjano\'a, 9, 196199 St. Petersburg (Argentina). (Russia). Bodil Aavad JACOBSEN, Miljobiologisk Laboratorium APS, Laurent VIROUX, Unite d'Ecologie des Eaux Douces, De Baunebjergves 5, DK-3050 HUmlebaek (Denmark). partement de Biologie, FUNDP, rue de Bruxelles, 61, Keve T. KISS, Hungarian Danube Research Station of Hun B-5000 Nal11ur (Belgium). garian Academy of Sciences, Javorka S.u. 14, H-2131 Göd Eva WILLEN, Centre for Environmental Monitoring, Swedish (Hungary). University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, Rolf KLEE, Pählerstrasse 8, D-(W) Andechs-Machtlfing S-750 07 Uppsala (Sweden). (Germany). lIydrohiolo/iia 289: 1-7. 1994. J.-P. Des<"),. C. S. Reynllids & J. Padistik (eds). PhylOplanklOn in TlIrhid E11l'irollmellls: Ril'ers and Shallow Lakes. © 1994. KIlIwer Academic PlIhlishers. Are phytoplankton dynamics in rivers so different from those in shallow lakes? c. S. Reynoldsl, J.-P. Descy2 & J. Padisak3 I NERC Institute of Freshwater EcoLogy, Windermere Laboratory, GB-LA22 OLP AmbLeside, U.K; 2 Unite d'Ecologie des Eaux Douces, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de La Paix, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; 3 BaLatoni LimnoL6giai Kutat6intezete, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary Kev words: phytoplankton, rivers, shallow lakes, turbulence, turbidity Abstract This paper introduces aseries of contributions to the ninth meeting ofthe International Association ofPhytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology, held in Belgium during July, 1993. It draws from the original papers a synthesis wh ich supports the view that the successful species in rivers and turbid shallow lakes are selected primarily on their ability to survive high-frequency irradiance fluctuations as they are circulated through steep light gradients. The selective distinction is less than that wh ich discriminates between plankton of deep lakes and shallow lakes or even between clear and turbid shallow ones. River plankton is, however, dependent on fast growth rates but its survival in rivers is aided by a suite of water-retentive mechanisms. The ecology of turbid systems is dominated by physical interactions, those biotic interactions traditionally believed to regulate limnetic communities being suppressed and rarely well-expressed. Introduction physical character of the location concerned (just how turbulent was it?) or, for that matter, the level of tur The ninth meeting of the International Association of bidity (just how murky was it?), which would permit Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology was convened useful, reasonable comparison to be made among the at the Station Scientifique des Hautes Fagnes (SSHF), selection of habitats considered by the authors collec the field station of the Universite de Liege, Mont Rigi, tively. That this is so does not disappoint the editors; it Ardennes, Belgium, between 10 and 18 July, 1993. is simply a recognition that these are concepts which The original purpose of the meeting was to consider are not well-formed beyond intuitive acceptance and the taxonomy, physiological adaptations and popula that biologists are only ready or willing to treat them in tion dynamics of planktonic algae that inhabit rivers qualitative terms. Our task is therefore altered to one of and shallow lakes, on the premise that both kinds of seeking patterns, of identifying unresolved problems habitat are to be readily perceived as being characteris and of setting future objectives for ecological research tically 'turbulent' and often also 'turbid'. The suppos into these interesting and important habitats. edly strong environmental constraints of these habitats The volume includes seventeen original papers, might guide wholly analogous selective interactions nine of which are devoted to rivers, four to standing towards the assembly of analogous community struc waters of differing relative transparency and anoth tures. The pre-meeting circular invited contributors to er two examine the impact of impoundments in river address their papers to the validity, or otherwise, of catchments. The remaining two attempt to generalise this contention. The task of this introductory article over both turbid lakes and rivers. The contributions might then have been simply to provide an editorial are variously taxonomic (what lives there?), functional context for the collected presentations and to relate the (how does it do so?) or synthetic (what generalisations individual contributions to the overall thesis. In fact, can be made?). Little is made of the environmental few of the contributed papers attempted to quantify the differences between rivers and shallow lakes, perhaps