VOCATIONAL HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION (VHSE) SECOND YEAR PHYSIOTHERAPY Reference Book Government of Kerala Department of Education State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT), KERALA 2016 List of Contributors Participants 1. MUBEEN.K.T MSc (Psy), MPT (Neurological Physiotherapy) Vocational teacher in Physiotherapy Rahmaniya VHSS,Calicut 2. SEENATH.P.BPT DWH, FMTFI, CMT Vocational instructor in physiotherapy Rahmaniya VHSS, Calicut 3. RUSILABI. C.M.BPT Physiotherapist Rahmaniya VHSS, Calicut. Experts 1. LETO J.JOEL MPT (musculoskeletal and spots) Assistant professor AWH special colleg, Kallai, Calicut. 2. MITHEN DEV M.P.T ORTHO Navajeevan college of physiotherapy Marivanos vidyanagar Nalanchira, Trivandrum. Academic Co-ordinator Dr.Gopalakrishnan N Research Officer, SCERT Prepared by : State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala Website : www.scertkerala.gov.in e-mail : [email protected] Phone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869 Typesetting and Layout : SCERT © Department of Education, Government of Kerala Foreword Dear Learners, This book is intended to serve as a ready reference for learners of vocational higher secondary schools. It offers suggested guidelines for the transaction of the concepts highlighted in the course content. It is expected that the learners achieve significant learning outcomes at the end of the course as envisaged in the curriculum if it is followed properly. In the context of the Right- based approach, quality education has to be ensured for all learners. The learner community of Vocational Higher Secondary Education in Kerala should be empowered by providing them with the best education that strengthens their competences to become innovative entrepreneurs who contribute to the knowledge society. The change of course names, modular approach adopted for the organisation of course content, work-based pedagogy and the outcome focused assessment approach paved the way for achieving the vision of Vocational Higher Secondary Education in Kerala. The revised curriculum helps to equip the learners with multiple skills matching technological advancements and to produce skilled workforce for meeting the demands of the emerging industries and service sectors with national and global orientation. The revised curriculum attempts to enhance knowledge, skills and attitudes by giving higher priority and space for the learners to make discussions in small groups, and activities requiring hands-on experience. The SCERT appreciates the hard work and sincere co-operation of the contributors of this book that includes subject experts, industrialists and the teachers of Vocational Higher Secondary Schools. The development of this reference book has been a joint venture of the State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) and the Directorate of Vocational Higher Secondary Education. The SCERT welcomes constructive criticism and creative suggestions for the improvement of the book. With regards, Dr. P. A. Fathima Director SCERT, Kerala Reference Book C ONTENTS 1. About the course----------------------------------------------------5 2. Major skills- with sub skills ---------------------------------------5 3. Syllabus --------------------------------------------------------------7 4. Unit in detailed Module - 3----------------------------------------8 5. Over view of module - 3 ----------------------------------------- 12 6. List of Practical--------------------------------------------------- 78 7. Over view of module - 4 ----------------------------------------- 81 8. List of Practical--------------------------------------------------160 9. List of Standard Equipments tools-----------------------------166 10. Reference---------------------------------------------------------168 4 Physiotherapy ABOUT THE COURSE Vocational higher secondary education is a project of central government to address the issues of unemployment. In vocational higher secondary students are guided to different work stream after their secondary education. Among the different vocational courses introduced, physiotherapy has great relevance. In history it has its roots in the after effects of second world war-in the rehabilitation after injuries .It gradually developed in to a separate branch of medicine. In the past, medical and surgical care was directed only towards the treatment of diseases. Now it is well recognized that attention needs to be paid also towards the after effects of diseases. It is widely accepted that by using physiotherapy treatment techniques and facilities recovery of a patient can be accelerated and the period of convalescence can be reduced and in certain cases permanent disability resulting from disease can be prevented or minimized. "A Physician add life to years and a Physiotherapist add years to life" This new concept has been the key factor to the development of a new branch of medicine i.e. rehabilitation medicine. Today physiotherapy has emerged as a popular branch of Allied Health science. Its progress and rapid expansion had made it a chief component of Rehabilitation medicine. It has also a major role in sports medicine and physical fitness. Vocational higher secondary course in Physiotherapy will enable the students to acquire various skills needed to assist a Physiotherapist in the different specialties. It also offers an opportunity for higher studies in various medical, paramedical and allied health science courses. Major skills (with Sub-skills) Module - 3 Major skill Learner will be able to assist physiotherapist in electro therapy and exercise therapy clinics Sub skill The learner: • Give general instructions to the clients prior to treatment. • Prepare the patient for treatment • Arrange the treatment set up 5 Reference Book • Checking, cleaning and maintenance of physiotherapy equipments • Assist the physiotherapist in providing the following treatment - Passive movements - Resisted exercise - Frenkel’s exercise - Relaxation techniques - Stretching exercise - Strengthening exercise - Gait training - Donning and doffing of orthotics. Module - 4 Major skills Student will achieve basic knowledge about various neurological, orthopaedic, paediatric and geriatric conditions seen in physiotherapy clinic. Learner will be able to assist the physiotherapist in clinical or hospital set up in treatment of various conditions Sub skill The learner: • Provide assistance in treating patients with various neurological conditions like hemiplegia, paraplegia, parkinsonism etc • Provide assistance in treating patients with various orthopaedic conditions like fracture, arthritis etc • Provide assistance in treating children with cerebral palsy • Positioning of hemiplegic patients • Transfer of patients from bed to chair and viseversa • Provide assistance in treating geriatric patients 6 Physiotherapy SYLLABUS Module - 3 Unit No. Unit Name Periods 3.1 Introduction to physiotherapy 25 3.2 Exercise therapy 150 3.3 Human locomotion (gait) 25 3.4 Hydro therapy 15 3.5 Suspension therapy 5 3.6 Relaxation 5 3.7 Chest physiotherapy 10 3.8 Electrotherapy 105 Total 340 Module - 4 Unit No Unit Name Periods 4.1 Introduction to Neurological Physiotherapy 90 4.2 Introduction to orthopaedic Physiotherapy 105 4.3 Introduction of paediatric Conditions and relevance of physiotherapy 40 4.4 Introduction of physiotherapy in surgical condition 40 45 Orthotics and prosthetics 25 4.6 Geriatric physiotherapy 40 Total 340 7 Reference Book MODULE-3 FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSIOTHERAPUTICS UNIT-3.1 .Introduction to physiotherapy • Definition • Branches of physiotherapy • Scope of physiotherapy • General goals of physiotherapy UNIT-3.2. Exercise Therapy UNIT-3.2.1.Introduction to Exercise Therapy UNIT-3. 2.2 Movement and Types of Movements 1. Active movement • Free exercise • Assisted exercise • Assisted-resisted exercise • Resisted exercise 2. Passive movement 3. Reflex movements UNIT 3.2.3 Fundamental Positions • Standing • kneeling, • sitting • lying • hanging UNIT3. 2.4 Derived Positions • Standing • kneeling, • sitting 8 Physiotherapy • lying • hanging UNIT3. 2.5 Manual Muscle Test of Major Muscle Group • Shoulder-flexors ,extensors, abductors and adductors • Elbow-flexors and extensors • Hip-flexors ,extensors, abductors and adductors • Knee-flexors and extensors UNIT 3.2.6 Range of Joint Motion of Major Joints • Shoulder-flexion ,extension, abduction and adduction • Elbow-flexion and extension • Hip-flexion ,extension, abduction and adduction • Knee-flexion and extention UNIT 3. 2.7 Posture • Definition and Types (Good and Bad posture) UNIT-3. 2.8 Exercise therapy equipments • Suspension unit • Static cycle • Treadmill • Quadriceps table • Shoulder wheel • Hand exerciser • Medicine ball, • Swiss ball • Abduction ladder. • Parallel bar • Tilt table • Wheelchair • Crutches 9 Reference Book UNIT-3.3 Human locomotion (GAIT) UNIT-3.3.1 Definition and Gait cycle UNIT-3.3.2 Pathological gait • Circumductory gait • Scissoring gait • Festinent gait • Ataxic gait • High stepping gait • Antalgic gait UNIT 3.3.3 Gait training UNIT3. 3.4 Transfer techniques • Wheel chair to bed • Bed to wheelchair UNIT-3.4 Hydrotherapy • Pooltherapy • Contrast bath • Cryotherapy UNIT-3.5 Suspension therapy • Types and indication UNIT-3.6 Relaxation • Definition, types and techniques UNIT-3.7 Chest physiotherapy • Postural drainage • Breathing exercise UNIT-3.8 Electrotherapy UNIT 3.8.1 Introduction of electrotherapy UNIT 3.8.2 Classification -low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency equipments 10