Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Eye Movements Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series volume 34 Editor: H.E. Henkes Dr W. Junk Publishers The Hague - Boston - London 1982 Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Eye Movements Proceedings of a Workshop held at the Pont d'Oye Castle, Habay-Ia-Neuve, Belgium, March 27-30, 1982 Sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities, as advised by the Committee on Medical and Public Health Research Edited by A. Roucoux and M. Crommelinck 1982 Dr W. Junk Publishers for the Commission of the European Communities Distributors: for the United States and Canada Kluwer Boston, Inc. 190, Old Derby Street Hingham, MA 02043 USA for all other countries Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Center P.O.Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht The Netherlands Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Physiological and pathological aspects of eye movements. (Documenta ophthalmologica. Proceedings series ; v. 34) 1. Eye--M::>vements--Congresses. 2. Eye--M::>vement disorders--Congresses. I. Roucoux, A. II. Crommelinck, M. III. Commission of the European Communities. IV. Commission of the European Communities. Committee on Medical and Public Health Research. V. Series. [DNLM: 1. Eye movements--Congresses. 2. Nystagmus--Congresses. W3 00637 v.34 / WW 400 1'578 19821 QP477.5.p48 1982 612' .846 82-17986 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8002-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8000-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-8000-6 Publication arranged by: Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General Information Market and Innovation, Luxembourg EUR 8180 Copyright © ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1982 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1982 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systen transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permissiom from the publisher. Dr W. Junk Publishers, P.O.Box 13713, 2501 ES The Hague, The Netherlands LEGAL NOTICE Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is reponsible for the use which might be made of the following information. Pont d'Oye Castle, Habay-Ia-Neuve, Belgium. CONTENTS Introduction 1 SECTION I: GAZE DISPLACEMENT IN MAN Control of gaze in man: synthesis of pursuit, optokinetic and vestibulo-ocular systems H. Collewijn, P. Conijn, A.J. Martins, E.P. Tamminga and G.C. Van Die 3 Gaze fixation and pursuit in head free human infants A. Roucoux, C. Culee and M. Roucoux 23 Predictive mechanisms in human smooth pursuit movement w. Becker and A.F. Fuchs 33 Biphasic aftereffects of vestibular stimuli, optokinetic nystagmus and pursuit - Common integrators ? J. Dichgans and E. Koenig 39 The coordination of pursuit and saccadic eye movement in the scanning of a moving scene P. Viviani 51 Dependence of sacc'adic prediction on asymme trical periodic stimulus S. Ron 77 Can training be transferred from one oculomo tor system to another? S. Ron 83 Acquired pendular nystagmus: characteristics, pathophysiology and pharmacological modification J.J.Ell, M.A.Gresty, B.R.Charnbers and L.J.Findley 89 Eye movement disorders in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis J.P.H. Reulen, E.A.C.M. Sanders and L.A.H. Hogenhuis 99 The measurement of eye movement using double magnetic induction J.P.H. Reulen and L. Bakker 100 SECTION II: VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEX The vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex R. Baker, W. Graf and R.F. Spencer 101 Single unit recordings in the vestibular nu clei of the alert monkey related to the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) H. Reisine and V. Henn 117 VIII The brain-stem matrix of the vestibulor-ocular reflex L.W. Schultheis and D.A. Robinson 121 Compensatory eye movements in the monkey during high frequency sinusoidal rotations A. Bohmer, V. Henn and J.I. Suzuki 127 Concerning the linear acceleration input to the neural oculomotor control system in primates R. Eckmiller 131 An intracellular HRP study of abducens motor and internuclear neurons in the alert squir rel monkey R.A. McCrea, A. Strassman and S.M. Highstein 139 SECTION III: OPTOKINETIC REFLEX Anatomy and physiology of the optokinetic path ways to the vestibular nuclei in the rat W. Precht, L. Cazin, R. Blancks and J. Lannou 153 The role of the fovea and parafoveal regions in the control of "fast" optokinetic responses in the monkey U. BUttner, O. Meienberg and B. Schimmelpfennig 173 The role of central and peripheral retina in eliciting optokinetic nystagmus in cats K.P. Hoffmann, H.P. Huber, C. Markner and M. Mayr 181 Possible contribution of the cortical areas 17, 18 and 19 to the optokinetic response in the cat G.A. Orban, J. Duysens and H. Kennedy 187 SECTION IV: EFFECTS OF LESIONS ON VOR AND OKN Influence of bilateral plugs of pairs of semi circular canals on optokinetic and vestibu loocular reflexes N.H. Barmack 193 Vestibuloocular and optokinetic reflex compen sation following hemilabyrinthectomy in the cat C. Maioli, W. Precht and S. Ried 201 Gaze palsies after selective pontine lesions in monkeys W. Lang, V. Henn and K. Hepp 209 IX The role of the primate flocculus during ves tibular and optokinetic nystagmus: single cell recordings and lesion studies W. Waespe, B. Cohen and Th. Raphan 219 Effects of bilateral occipital lobectomies on eye movements in monkeys: preliminary ob servations D.S. Zee, P.H. Butler, L.M. Optican, R.J. Tusa and G. Glicer 225 SECTION V: VISUO-VESTIBULAR INTERACTION Models of visual-vestibular interaction in ocu lomotor control: a review A. Buizza and R. Schmid 233 Neuronal responses in the parieto-insular ves tibular cortex of alert Java monkeys (mac caca fascicularis) O.J. Grlisser, M. Pause and U. Schreiter 251 Linear interaction of vestibular and optokine tic nystagmus E. Koenig and J. Dichgans 271 The effects of retinal location and strobe rate of head-fixed visual targets on the suppression of vestibular nystagmus G.R. Barnes 281 SECTION VI: SACCADIC SYSTEM A stochastic model of central processing in the generation of fixation saccades R. Schmid, G. Magenes and D. Zarnbarbieri 301 Responses of the saccadic system to sudden changes in target direction J.A.M. Van Gisbergen, F.P. ottes and J.J. Eggermont 313 Spatio-temporal recoding in the generation of rapid eye movements K. Hepp and V. Henn 319 Horizontal saccades induced by stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation B. Cohen, V. Matsuo, T. Raphan, D. Waitzman and J. Fradin 325 Tectal control of vertical eye movements: a search for underlying neuronal circuits in the mesencephalon A. Grantyn, R. Grantyn, A. Berthoz and J. Ribas 337 x The localization of large and small motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus of the monkey J.A. Blittner-Ennever, P. d'Ascanio and R. Gysin 345 SECTION VII: EYE-HEAD COORDINATION Role of vestibular and neck reflexes in control ling eye and head position B.W. Peterson and J. Goldberg 351 Modification of VOR slow and quick components by neck stimulation and turning sensation R. JUrgens, T. Mergner and W. Schmid-Burgk 365 The relation of neck muscles activity to hori zontal eye position in the alert cat. I: Head fixed A. ROucoux, P.P. Vidal, C. Veraart, M. Crommelinck and A. Berthoz 371 The relation of neck muscles activity to hori zontal eye position in the alert cat. II: Head free M. Crommelinck, A. Roucoux and C. Veraart 379 Brain stem neurons mediating horizontal eye position signals to dorsal neck muscles of the alert cat A. Berthoz, P.P. Vidal and J.Corvisier 385 Behavior of pontine cells during eye-head coordination: evidence of gaze shift coding by preoculomotor bursters F. Lestienne, D. Whittington and E. Bizzi 399 Coordinated eye-head movements in the cat R.M. Douglas, D. Guitton and M. Volle 411 Dynamics of compensatory vestibular reflexes in the grassfrog, ran a temporaria N. Dieringer and W. Precht 417 Visuo-spinal ataxia caused by disorders of eye movements Th. Brandt, J. Esser, W. BUchele and S. Krafczyk 425 Eye-head-hand coordination C. Prablanc and B. Biguer 431 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 443 INTRODUCTION This volume contains the proceedings of a work shop entitled "Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Eye Movements" held at the Pont d'Oye Castle, Habay-Ia-Neuve, Belgium, March 27-30 1982. The meeting was sponsored by the European Communi ties. It brought together specialists of oculomotricity mainly from Europe but also from North-America. With such actions, the Communities want to encourage inter national and multidisciplinary contacts between re searchers of a particular field. Oculomotor neuroscien tists, for quite a long time, have developed such con tacts. This cooperation - this is not so common in biological research - embodies various approaches, from basic mechanisms to behavioral studies, but also this applied science that medicine is or should be. Many basic discoveries about eye movement mechanisms, made with the help of human of animal subjects, have found rapid medical applications in neurology, neuro ophthalmology or otolaryngology. This is illustrated in this book by the fact that results obtained on rats or cats are interspersed with reports of clinical in vestigations. The workshop was mainly focused onto three themes: (a) eye and head movements in man, (b) visuo-vestibular interaction and (c) eye-head coordination. In each theme, one or more "review" papers were included. In addition, most of the oral presentations or posters on display mainly contained unpublished material. It is our hope that this book will be useful to the scientific reader but will also contribute showing the intense vitality of eye movement research outside the restricted sphere of academies and universities. It is our wish that such workshop will be repeated and will further materialize the European community of neuro scientists. We wish to thank Prof. E. Levi from the Directorate General for Science, Research and Development who greatly helped organizing the Workshop. Finally, we are certain that those who met in the Pont d'Oye will keep an excellent memory of this pleasant and welcoming place. The Editors