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Physics of Rotating Fluids Selected Topics of the 11th International Couette–Taylor Workshop Held at Bremen, Germany, 20-23 July 1999 1 3 Editors ChristophEgbers LehrstuhlAerodynamikundStro¨mungslehre Fakulta¨tMaschinenbau,Elektrotechnik undWirtschaftsingenieurwesen BrandenburgischTechnischeUniversita¨tCottbus 03013Cottbus GerdPfister Institutfu¨rExperimentelleundAngewandtePhysik Universita¨tKiel Olshausenstrasse40 24098Kiel,Germany Coverpicture:PlotsofthevelocityvectorsofthespiralTGvortexflow,seeK.Nakabayashi, W.Sha,SpiralandwavyvorticesinthesphericalCouetteFlow,thisissue. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor. DieDeutscheBibliothek-CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Physicsofrotatingfluids:selectedtopicsofthe11thInternational CouetteTaylorWorkshop,heldatBremen,Germany,20-23July1999/ ChristophEgbers;GerdPfister(ed.).-Berlin;Heidelberg;New York;Barcelona;HongKong;London;Milan;Paris;Singapore; Tokyo:Springer,2000 (Lecturenotesinphysics;Vol.549) (Physicsandastronomyonlinelibrary) ISBN3-540-67514-0 ISSN0075-8450 ISBN3-540-67514-0Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustra- tions, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonly undertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initscurrent version,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer-Verlag.Violations areliableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Springer-VerlagisacompanyintheBertelsmannSpringerpublishinggroup. ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2000 PrintedinGermany Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Typesetting:Camera-readybytheauthors/editors Coverdesign:design&production,Heidelberg Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:10719300 55/3144/du-543210 Preface “Lecture Notes in Physics”, having a strong publishing history in fundamental physicsresearch,hasdevotedaspecialvolumetorecentdevelopmentsinthefield ofphysicsofrotatingfluidsandrelatedtopics.Thepresentvolumewillcomprise 23 contributed papers on the different aspects of rotating fluids, i.e. Taylor– Couette flow, spherical Couette flow, plane Couette flow, as well as rotating annulus flow. In the seminal paper by G.I. Taylor, a powerful combination of theory and experiment was brought to bear on the stability of flow between rotating cylin- ders,nowreferredtoasTaylor–Couetteflow.Thesignificanceofhisworkliesin the fact that here, for the first time, an experiment in fluid dynamics and the theory, using the Navier–Stokes equations, could be compared and led to excel- lent agreement. Since that time ideas associated with rotating flows have been extended and have resulted in classic texts such as Greenspan’s “The theory of rotating fluids”. In this present book we report on modern developments in the field where new mathematical ideas have been applied to experimental observations on a variety of related flow fields. Theaimofthisvolumeistoprovidethereaderwithacomprehensiveoverview ofthecurrentstateoftheartandpossiblefuturedirectionsoftheTaylor–Couette community and to include related topics and applications. Thefirstpartofthisvolumeisdevotedtoseveralnewresultsintheclassical Taylor–Couette problem covering diverse theoretical, experimental and numeri- cal works on bifurcation theory, the influence of boundary conditions, counter- rotatingflows,spiralvortices,time-periodicflows,lowdimensionaldynamics,ax- ialeffects,secondarybifurcations,spatiotemporalintermittency,Taylor–Couette flowswithaxialandradialflow,Taylorvorticesatdifferentgeometriesandtrans- port phenomena in magnetic fluids. ThesecondpartofthisvolumefocusesonsphericalCouetteflows,including isothermal flows, vortical structures, spiral and wavy vortices, the influence of throughflow, thermal convective motions, intermittency at the onset of convec- tion, as well as magneto-hydrodynamics in spherical shells. Further parts are devoted to Goertler vortices and flows along curved sur- faces, rotating annulus flows, as well as superfluid Couette flows, tertiary and quarternary solutions for plane Couette flows with thermal stratification and rotating disk flows. VI Preface We hope that the readers will find this volume useful, giving an overview of the latest experimental and theoretical studies on the physics of rotating fluids. It is a pleasure for us to thank all those who contributed to the conference “11th International Couette–Taylor Workshop” and, by the same token, to this volume. We would like to thank the Dipl. Phys. Oliver Meincke, Markus Junk, Arne Schulz and Jan Abshagen for their invaluable and indispensable help in editing this book. Last, but not least, we are grateful to Dr. Christian Caron for offering to publish this volume in the Springer Series “Lecture Notes in Physics” and for the patient assistance of Mrs. Brigitte Reichel-Mayer. Bremen, Kiel August 2000 Christoph Egbers Gerd Pfister List of Contributors Jan Abshagen Physikalisches Institut Universita¨t Kiel 95440 Bayreuth Institut fu¨r Experimentelle und Germany Angewandte Physik [email protected] Olshausenstrasse 40 24098 Kiel Pascal Chossat Germany Universit´e de Nice [email protected] Sophia Antipolis I.N.L.N. Eberhard B¨ansch 1361, route des lucioles Zentrum fu¨r Technomathematik 06560 Sophia Antipoli Universita¨t Bremen France Postfach 33 04 40 [email protected] 28334 Bremen R.M. Clever Germany Institute of Geophysics and Planetary [email protected] Physics University of California Carlo F. Barenghi Los Angeles Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics USA The University of Newcastle Upon Tyne Antonio Delgado Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU TU Mu¨nchen United Kingdom Lehrstuhl fu¨r Fluidmechanik und [email protected] Prozessautomation Weihenstephaner Steig 23 John H. Bolstad 85350 Freising Laurence Livermore National Germany Laboratory [email protected] L-23, University of California POB 808 Christoph Egbers Livermore, CA 94550 ZARM USA Universita¨t Bremen [email protected] Am Fallturm 28359 Bremen Friedrich Busse Germany Universita¨t Bayreuth [email protected] XVI ListofContributors Afshin Goharzadeh Institute of Theoretical Universit´e du Havre and Applied Mechanics Laboratoire de M´ecanique 630090 Novosibirsk Groupe d’Energ´etique et M´ecanique Russia 25, rue Philippe Lebon, B.P. 540 [email protected] 76058 Le Havre Cedex France Patrice Laure [email protected] Institut Non-Lin´eaire de Nice UMR 129 CNRS-Universit´e de Nice, Genrich R. Grek 1361, route des Lucioles Russian Academy of Sciences, 06560 Valbonne Siberian Division France Institute of Theoretical and Applied [email protected] Mechanics 630090 Novosibirsk Ming Liu Russia ZARM [email protected] Universita¨t Bremen Am Fallturm Christoph Hartmann 28359 Bremen TU Mu¨nchen Germany Lehrstuhl fu¨r Fluidmechanik und [email protected] Prozessautomation Weihenstephaner Steig 23 Manfred Lu¨cke 85350 Freising Institut fu¨r Theoretische Physik Germany Universita¨t des Saarlandes [email protected] 66041 Saarbru¨cken Germany Rainer Hollerbach [email protected] University of Glasgow Department of Mathematics Richard M. Lueptow 15 University Gardens Northwestern University Glasgow G12 8QW United Kingdom Dept. of Mechanical Engineering [email protected] 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, IL 60208-3111 Markus Junk USA ZARM [email protected] Universita¨t Bremen Am Fallturm Francesc Marqu`es 28359 Bremen Universitat Polit`ecnica de Catalunya Germany Departamenta de F´isica Aplicada [email protected] Jordi Girona Salgado s/n M`odul B4 Campus Nord Victor V. Kozlov 08034 Barcelona, Spain Russian Academy of Sciences, Spain Siberian Division [email protected] ListofContributors XVII Oliver Meincke Japan ZARM [email protected] Universita¨t Bremen Am Fallturm Christiane Normand 28359 Bremen C.E.A/Saclay, Germany Service de Physique Th´eorique [email protected] 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France A´lvaro Meseguer [email protected] Oxford University Computing Laboratory Stefan Odenbach Numerical Analysis Group ZARM Wolfson Building, Parks Road Universita¨t Bremen Oxford OX1 3QD Am Fallturm United Kingdom 28359 Bremen [email protected] Germany [email protected] Rita Meyer-Spasche MPI fu¨r Plasmaphysik Gerd Pfister EURATOM-Association Universita¨t Kiel 85748 Garching Institut fu¨r Experimentelle und Germany Angewandte Physik [email protected] Olshausenstrasse 40 24098 Kiel Innocent Mutabazi Germany Universit´e du Havre [email protected] Laboratoire de M´ecanique Groupe d’Energ´etique et M´ecanique Frank Pohl 25, rue Philippe Lebon, B.P. 540 MPI fu¨r Plasmaphysik 76058 Le Havre Cedex EURATOM-Association France 85748 Garching [email protected] Germany Tom Mullin Doug Satchwell DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy The University of Manchester The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] Koichi Nakabayashi Arne Schulz Nagoya Institute of Technology Universita¨t Kiel Department of Mechanical Institut fu¨r Experimentelle Engineering und Angewandte Physik Gokiso-Cho, Showa-Ku Olshausenstrasse 40 Nagoya, 466-8555 24098 Kiel