Physics of Mass This page intentionally left blank. Physics of Mass Edited by Behram N. Kursunoglu GlobalFoundation,Inc. CoralGables,Florida Stephan L. Mintz Florida International University Miami, Florida and Arnold Perlmutter University of Miami Coral Gables, Florida Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow eBookISBN: 0-306-47085-3 Print ISBN: 0-306-46029-7 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©1998 Kluwer AcademicPublishers New York All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com PREFACE The 26th Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1997 is the second in this series ofhigh energy physics and cosmology that took place in the month ofDecember instead of the well established tradition where the month of January was the conference date. This change was due to the increased hotel rates in South Florida. Another change in the organization of these conferences is the choice of a core topic to take half of the conference time. The remaining time will be devoted to subjects of direct interest to participants. In the 1997 Orbis Scientiae we chose “Physics ofMass” as the core topic of theconference, whichtook overfive sessions. Theremaining five sessions were devoted to those presentations ofdirectinterestto some of theparticipants. The Orbis Scientiae 1998 will cover “The Physics ofSpin” as a core topic. In anticipation ofthe ascending importance ofgravity research in the 21st century, for the coretopics forthe Orbis Scientiae 1999 and 2000we suggest“The Status ofAnEvolving ” Cosmological Parameter” and The Nature ofGravity from Big Bang to Flat Universe”, respectively. These two topics may be expected to lead onto the first conference in the 21stcentury in whichthe coretopic shouldbe chosenforthe Orbis Scientiae2001 bythe participants. We arepleasedto invite the conferenceparticipants to send us their choices ofcore topics. The Trustees and the Chairman ofthe Global Foundation, Inc., wish to extend special thanks to Edward Bacinich of Alpha Omega Research Foundation for his continuing generous support including the 1997 Orbis Scientiae. BehramN. Kursunoglu Stephan L. Mintz Arnold Perlmutter CoralGables, Florida April 1998 v ABOUTTHEGLOBALFOUNDATION, INC. The Global Foundation, Inc., which was established in 1977, utilizestheworld’s most important resource... people. The Foundation consists of great senior men and women of science and learning, and of outstanding achievers and entrepreneurs from industry, governments, and international organizations, along with promising and enthusiastic young people. These people form a unique and distinguished interdisciplinary entity, and the Foundation is dedicated to assembling all the resources necessary for them to work together. The distinguished senior component of the Foundation transmits its expertise and accumulated experience, knowledge, and wisdom totheyoungermembershipon importantglobal issuesandfrontierproblems inscience. Ourwork, therefore, is acommon effort, employing the ideas ofcreative thinkers withawiderangeofexperience andviewpoints. GLOBALFOUNDATION BOARDOFTRUSTEES Behram N. Kursunoglu, Global Foundation, Inc., Chairman ofthe Board, Coral Gables. M. Jean Couture, Former Secretary ofEnergy ofFrance, Paris Manfred Eigen*,Max-Planck-Institut, Göttingen Willis E. Lamb*, Jr., University ofArizona Louis Néel*, Université de Gronoble, France Frederick Reines*, University of California at Irvine Glenn T. Seaborg*, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Henry King Stanford, President Emeritus, Universities of Miami and Georgia *Nobel Laureate vi GLOBAL FOUNDATION'S RECENT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Making the Market Right for the Efficient Use ofEnergy Editedby: Behram N. Kursunoglu Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 1992 Unified Symmetry in the Small and in the Large Edited by; Behram N. Kursunoglu, and Arnold Perlmutter Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 1993 Unified Symmetry in the Small and in the Large - 1 Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz, and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1994 Unified Symmetry in the Small and in the Large - 2 Edited by; Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz, and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1995 Global Energy Demand in Transition: The New Role of Electricity Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz, and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1996 Economics and Politics of Energy Edited by; Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz, and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1996 Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Condensation of Atoms and Monopoles, Light Cone Quantization Edited by; Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz, and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1996 Technology for the Global Economic, Environmental Survival and Prosperity Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz, and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1997 25th Coral Gables Conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz, and Amold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1997 Environment and Nuclear Energy Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz, and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1998 26th Coral Gables Conference on Physics of Mass Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz. and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1998 vii CONTRIBUTING CO-SPONSORS OF THE GLOBAL FOUNDATION CONFERENCES Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California Gas Research Institute, Washington, DC General Electric Company, San Jose, California Northrop Grumman Aerospace Company, Bethpage, New York Martin Marietta Astronautics Group, Denver, Colorado Black and Veatch Company, Kansas City, Missouri Bechtel Power Corporation, Gaithersburg, Maryland ABB Combustion Engineering, Windsor, Connecticut BellSouth Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia National Science Foundation United States Department of Energy viii ORBIS SCIENTIAE 1997-II PROGRAM FRIDAY,December 12, 1997 8:00AM-Noon REGISTRATION 1:30PM SESSIONI: GRAVITATIONALMASS Moderators: BEHRAMN.KURSUNOGLU,GlobalFoundation,Inc.,Coral Gables, Florida Dissertators: BEHRAMN.KURSUNOGLU “Origin ofMass” SYDNEY MESHKOV, CALTECH “Current Status of LIGO’ CHRIS POPE, Texas A & M, College Station, Texas “GaugeDyonicStringsinSixDimensions” Annotators: JANNALEVIN,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley SessionOrganizer: BEHRAMN.KURSUNOGLU 3:15PM COFFEEBREAK 3:30PM SESSIONII: NEUTRINOMASSES Moderator: PETERROSEN,DepartmentofEnergy,Washington DC GEOFFREYMILLS,LosAlamosNationalLaboratory Dissertators: JONNY KLEINFELLER, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe “KARMEN-Upgrade: Improvement In The Search For Neutrino Oscillations And First Results” GEOFFREY MILLS “ResultsfromtheLSNDExperiment” SANJIB MISHRA, Harvard University “Results from the NOMAD Experiment” CHARLES LANE,DrexelUniversity, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania “First Results from the CHOOZ Experiment” LAWRENCE WAI, University of Washington, Seattle “Atmospheric Neutrino Flux Mesurements with the Super- Kamiokande Neutrino Obervatory” Annotators: STEPHANMINTZ, Florida InternationalUniversity Session Organizer: GEOFF MILLS 6:00PM- Welcoming Cocktails, Fontainebleau Cabana Area 7:00PM Courtesy of Maria and Edward Bacinich 7:00 PM Orbis ScientiaeAdjourns ForThe Day ix