P h o t o g r a p h i c A t l a s o f Bioarchaeology from the Osteological Collection of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Manualia Universitatis studiorum Zagrabiensis S a p i e n t i s a t ! P h o t o g r a p h i c A t l a s o f Bioarchaeology from the Osteological Collection of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Mario Šlaus MSc, PhD, Full Professor Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Anthropological Center Mario Novak MSc, PhD, Research Associate Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Anthropological Center Vlasta Vyroubal Instructor Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Anthropological Center Željka Bedić Instructor Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Anthropological Center Hrvoje Brkić DDM, MSc, PhD, Full Professor University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine Department of Dental Anthropology Marin Vodanović DDM, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine Department of Dental Anthropology PHOTOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF BIOARCHAEOLOGY FROM THE OSTEOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE CROATIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS Authors: Mario Šlaus, Mario Novak, Vlasta Vyroubal, Željka Bedić, Hrvoje Brkić, Marin Vodanović Published by: School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb and Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Copyright © 2013 by Mario Šlaus www.marioslaus.com ISBN 978-953-7781-01-9 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Mario Šlaus, e-mail: [email protected], web: www.marioslaus.com A catalogue record for this title is available from the National and University Library in Zagreb, Croatia. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this book. Publication of this book is supported by International Association for Paleodontology. For more information please visit www.paleodontology.com Manualia Universitatis studiorum Zagrabiensis TABLE OF CONTENTS Archaeological research and excavation ................................................................................................. 9 Anthropological analysis and osteological collection............................................................................ 19 Taphonomy and preservation ............................................................................................................... 29 Associated materials recovered during the cleaning of the skeletons ................................................. 39 Dental disease ....................................................................................................................................... 53 Subadult stress ...................................................................................................................................... 63 Infectious diseases ................................................................................................................................ 73 Indicators of physical stress and habitual activities .............................................................................. 85 Osteoarthritis ........................................................................................................................................ 97 Antemortem trauma ........................................................................................................................... 105 Perimortem trauma ............................................................................................................................. 121 Miscellaneous ...................................................................................................................................... 143 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................... 153 Index .................................................................................................................................................... 159 Foreword This atlas evolved from a much simpler project. One of my students, a lovely young lady, was helping me design a personal web page and to illustrate how these things look she showed me her own personal web page. This was a very nice looking page that not only had all of the data relevant to her ongoing education, but also a number of interesting personal details: her hobbies, books she had read and, because the young lady in question is an avid amateur photographer, a large gallery of pictures she had taken as well as those depicting her at various functions. I liked this personal touch but, as luck would have it I am, by no stretch of the imagination, lovely. So, while I do posses a large number of photographs featuring me engaged in diverse activities in various parts of the world, my first thought was – nobody deserves to see these. However, I also posses a huge number of pictures depicting various aspects of the investigations we carry out at the Anthropological Centre of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, as well as numerous pictures of different pathologies we have identified in the remains of the past inhabitants of Croatia. Now, one of the few regrets I have as a scientist is that, all of us are extremely limited in the number of pictures we can use when illustrating specific features or arguments in our scientific publications. This is of course totally understandable as these pictures take up a lot of space and are costly to reproduce but, never the less still galling as, particularly in some sciences –such as bioarchaeology, photographs of morphological (or radiological or microscopic) changes in bone and dental tissue are crucial to our understanding of the ways in which diseases evolved over time, and the ways in which they affected human health and quality of life. Additionally, through my own research and through contact with colleagues and students from all over the world, I have noticed that some pathological entities manifest themselves subtly different in different parts of the world. For instance, here in Croatia cribra orbitalia is generally more severe in expression that what I have seen in the USA. Similarly venereal syphilis in the USA is frequently accompanied by a pathological change called ‘‘sabre-shin’’ tibia – caused by periostitis along the anterior and middle portion of the shaft resulting in anterior enlargement or ‘‘bowing’’ of the bone, while in Croatia, this change has (at least so far) been completely absent. For these reasons my first impulse was to create a gallery of these pictures and append them to my web page. Fortunately it was pointed out to me that a much better way to make these pictures available to those who have an interest in such things is to publish them in an e- book. Hence, this atlas. It is, as you will see, a modest and unassuming work that simply illustrates in more detail some of the investigations we have carried out and published in the past. Despite these limitations we have enjoyed making it, and also learned a little bit more about some of the pathological changes depicted in it. We hope that the same sentiments are felt by the readers of this book. Mario Šlaus Chapter 1 Archaeological research and excavation 9