977.801 ^ Adl7p , cop. 3 PHASE ARCHAEOLOGICAL I SURVEY OF ACRES AT 3,000 FORT LEONARD WOOD MISSOURI byBrianAdams Public Service Archaeology Program Research Report No. 33 ~M U. OF I. LIBRARY AT URBANA/ CHAMPAIGN BOOKSTACKS Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 gcfoaulotlihe'ecCrtirinoengpooartntdiinnmgfaooirunmrtaaatiienonni,nlgoirnttchlneuuddiacnotglaltencuetgeigdoeentdto,ifoj«nnntdtlocorrommartoeiidouenctim\n\qgnj\uh™m>\jroieufvroioeewtnoi.nagtvoetrwhaeagi.enomn'qrntomouornnpHoeleramo'ltaoiuroamoranttuei.non-SnecriSvuieacniedn*g.cDtoihmremecentnmotrr!attreoergtroarfrvdi'intnfwgoirntmqhautiinbosuntrrduOceptneiroeant!tl.iioimnea*atreacnnod>rnnganerypuototntihvenrgWadOattoaeJnetorouttierntrrotin.n OavitHighway.Suite 120*.Arlington.v/4 22102-*30}.andtotheOfficeofManagementand6uoqet.PaperworkReductionProtect(070*-Oill).Wathmgton. OC }0S03 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT OATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED M^r-oV, 1QQ7 Final A. TITLE AND SUBTITLE j. funoing numb:3s Phase I Archaeological Survey of 3,000 Acres DACA88-94-D-0008 at Fort Leonard Wood, Pulaski County, Missouri Delivery No. 16 6. AUTHOR(S) Brian Adams 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Public Service Archaeology Program Research Report Dept. of Anthropology 109 Davenport Hall No. 33 TTnivprciiry g£. n Hn»j nflrhana . T1 61801 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER United States Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories Champaign, II. 61826-9005 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum200words) archaeological surveyThofis3r,0e0p0ortacrdeoscumaetntFsorttheLeorneasrudltsWooodf, aMiPshsaosueriI, survey documented 49 sites and 18 isolated finds. Twenty-two sites areTh<t recommended for Phase II NRHP evaluation. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Phase I archaeological survey, Missouri, 210 Ozarks, NRHP 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OFABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89) Pf.vmwa bv ANSI Std /39-il Digitized by the Internet Archive 2013 in http://archive.org/details/phase1archaeolog33adam PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF 3,000 ACRES AT FORT LEONARD WOOD, PULASKI COUNTY, MISSOURI for submission to: U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories Champaign, Illinois 61826-9005 Contract No. DACA88-94-D-0008 Delivery Order No. 0016 by: Brian Adams with a contribution by Kevin P. McGowan Dr. Kevin P. McGowan, Principal Investigator Public Service Archaeology Program Department ofAnthropology University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign 109 Davenport Hall 607 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801 March 1997 ABSTRACT Cop- 3 From March 1996 through September 1996 the Public Service Archaeology Program ofthe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign conducted a Phase I survey of 3,000 acres within the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation, Pulaski County, Missouri, for the United States Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories. The investigations were designed to provide archaeological inventory and management recommendations for unsurveyed tracts and to test the validity ofa model predicting prehistoric site locations. The survey documented 41 previously unreported archaeological sites, eight previously recorded sites, and 18 prehistoric isolated finds. Twenty-two sites are recommended for Phase II National Register ofHistoric Places evaluation. Specific evaluation tasks are discussed for each site. The results of the survey suggest that the recently developed GIS prehistoric site locational model is relatively robust for cairn and cave/rockshelter sites, but deviations from the expected occur in some areas forprehistoric open-air sites. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES « ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi INTRODUCTION 1. 1 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 5 Geology and Physiography 5 Soils 8 Climate and Climatic Change 10 Floral and Faunal Communities 11 Cultural StudyUnits 12 3. CULTURAL OVERVIEW AND REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK 15 Cultural Overview 15 Previous Investigations 22 RESEARCH GOALS 29 4. Prehistoric PeriodResearch 29 Historic PeriodResearch 31 Summary 32 METHODOLOGY 5. 33 Archival Research 33 FieldMethods 35 , Laboratory Methods 36 Site Forms 38 NRHP Evaluations 39 Curation 40 6. SITE INVENTORYANDARTIFACT ANALYSIS 41 Big Piney Quarry Tract 41 The Cookville/EQRTract 62 The South Roubidoux Creek Tract 84 7. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 131 OverviewofResults 131 SettlementPatterns - 133 Cultural Chronology 149 Site Predictive Model Assessment 150 Summary 152 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONCLUDED Chapter Page 8. SITE EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 155 Site Evaluation Criteria 155 NRHP Eligibility Recommendations 156 FieldworkRecommendations 159 Bias Assessment and Metadata (Kevin P. McGowan) 160 Conclusion 163 REFERENCES CITED 165 APPENDIX A. ArtifactInventory 183 APPENDIX B. Site Location Maps bound separately APPENDIX C. Archaeological Survey ofMissouri Site Forms bound separately APPENDIX D. Field andLaboratory Documentation boundseparately APPENDIXE. Photographs boundseparately IV